1,721,017 research outputs found
Distribution of artifacts and ecofacts in an early bronze age house in Eastern Anatolia. Space use and household economy at Arslantepe VI b2 (2900–2750 bce)
No full textArslantepe, one of the best documented mounds in Eastern Anatolia, is well known especially for its Late Chalcolithic ‘palace’, testifying to the emergence of a centralized and redistributive economy, typical in the 4th millennium BCE Uruk and Uruk-related worlds. At the beginning of the Early Bronze Age this socio-economic sys- tem undergoes a collapse, and the degree of control of the economy on behalf of the ‘elites’ seems to be, here and in other sites, significantly lower or even non-existent. This topic (in need of further investigation) may be enriched by studies focusing on the household level and aimed at assessing the role of household economy. By applying a multidisciplinary approach, this research combines zoological, botanical and artifactual evidence from a multi-roomed mud-brick dwelling in the Early Bronze Age settlement of Arslantepe — VI B2 (2900– 2750 BCE), which was destroyed by a fire and suddenly abandoned: an event entailing the retrieval of a very rich assemblage of in situ ecofacts and artifacts. In this paper we present in detail the carpological, anthracological and archaeozoological finds and – after describing the architectural layout of the house under examination – we assess the morpho-functional characteristics of both ceramics and lithics (the latter determined through use- wear analysis) and examine the spatial and stratigraphic patterning of all the materials: although partly biased by taphonomic modifications, the sub-assemblages of the different indoor and outdoor spaces of the examined dwelling reflect the functional characteristics of each area. Additionally, we combine our results with preliminary data from other parts of the extensively excavated village of period VI B2, pointing out the prominent role of household economy in this phase
Mammals in Late Neolithic Orkney (with reference to mammal bone recovered from Links of Noltland, Westray)
Full text linkExcavation of thirty skulls, twenty-eight cattle and two sheep from the foundation course of
a Late Neolithic structure at Links of Noltland (LON), Structure 9, is the starting point for
this thesis, which investigates the economic and socio-cultural relationships of cattle and
other mammals on Orkney communities between 3000 and 2500 BC. The LON settlement
was located on a machair plain in Westray, the most N-W island within the Orkney archipelago
(HY 428 493).
Male and female cattle skulls were inter-mixed within the LON foundation course so a “bull
cult” is not represented. The sequence from living skulls to skulls “animating the building is
(i) breed/acquire (ii) nurture (iii) cull/butcher (iv) consume (v) transform to object (vi) curate
(vii) deposit. A skull deposit infilling an internal passageway from another LON, Structure
18, is compared and contrasted with the Structure 9 foundation deposit. Special treatment of
cattle skulls from a wide range of European and Near-East sites is also reviewed to emphasise
the widespread use of this symbol during the Neolithic period.
Orkney was separated from mainland Scotland prior to the establishment of the LON settlement
so consideration is given to modes of arrival for mammals and their impact on this depauperate
archipelago. Cattle and sheep dominated the domestic mammal remains examined,
pig and dog were rare and goat and horse absent. The most abundant non-domestic mammals
were red deer and Orkney voles, but otters and sea mammals were also present in low numbers.
Genetic studies indicate that one cattle skull carried genetic material from aurochs, wild
cattle. To date there is sparse evidence of interbreeding between wild aurochs and Neolithic
domesticated cattle in Europe and none in Britain. The alterative explanation that aurochs
were already present on Orkney during the Neolithic is explored.
Articulated red deer deposits from LON were also examined. Although previous publications
explored the possibility that these deposits are “ritual” other possible explanations for these
deposits are outlined. No parallels were noted between the cattle skull and articulated red
deer deposits, but the importance of antler for practical and symbolic use in Neolithic Orkney
may be under-estimated.
Stature of cattle remained relatively stable during the Mid to Late Neolithic in Orkney but
underwent diminution by the Iron Age. A similar, but less marked reduction was also noted
for sheep, but red deer already had small stature compared with early Holocene mainland
Scotland red deer. The thesis concludes that cattle, sheep and red deer were of fundamental
importance to the Neolithic society of Orkney, providing surplus food, tools and possibly
traction, to support an increasingly sophisticated Neolithic society undertaking construction
of complex structures and monuments. In addition, cattle fulfilled an important role in their
cultural and spiritual life
Živalski ostanki iz dveh halštatskodobnih naselbin v Sloveniji
No full textThe paper presents an archaeozoological examination of bone remains from Kunkel below Vrhtrebnje and Vesela gora in Brinje, tvvo Hallstatt settlements in Slovenia (NW Yugoslavia). The remains belong almost exclusively to domestic animals. Comparing the material with a bigger contemporaneous assemblage from Most na Soči. the author finds no essential differences between the tvvo sets. He focuses particularly on the fragment size analysis, applying statisical methods.V članku so arheozoološko obdelani najdeni okostni ostanki iz dveh halštatskih naselbin v Sloveniji (SZ Jugoslavija): Kunkel pod Vrhtrebnjim in Vesela gora v Brinju. Pripadajo skoraj izključno domačim živalim. Gradivo se primerja z večjo istodobno zbirko z Mosta na Soči in ugotavlja, da med njima ni večjih razlik. Poseben poudarek je na analizi velikosti fragmentov z uporabo statističnih metod
Food for thought: re-assessing Mesolithic diets in the Iron Gates
Full text linkStable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur in human bone collagen are used routinely to aid in the reconstruction of ancient diets. Isotopic analysis of human remains from sites in the Iron Gates section of the Lower Danube Valley has led to conflicting interpretations of Mesolithic diets in this key region of southeast Europe. One view (Bonsall et al. 1997, 2004) is that diets were based mainly on riverine resources throughout the Mesolithic. A competing hypothesis (Nehlich et al. 2010) argues that Mesolithic diets were more varied with at least one Early Mesolithic site showing an emphasis on terrestrial resources, and riverine resources only becoming dominant in the Later Mesolithic. The present article revisits this issue, discussing the stable isotope data in relation to archaeozoological and radiocarbon evidence
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
