292,280 research outputs found
A study of the reactivation of landsliding at Barton-on-Sea, Hampshire, following stabilisation works in the 1960s
No full textThe mostly clay cliffs of Barton-on-Sea, Hampshire, comprise inhomogeneous strata of the Bracklesham, Barton and Headon Hill Formations, overlain unconformably by Plateau Gravels, and have a long history of erosion and instability. Heavily-engineered stabilisation works involving a 1,500m-long sheet-piled wall and cut-off drain were installed in the 1960s but a number of catastrophic failures of the wall have occurred at locations along the Barton frontage since then. This report is concerned with the failures at Cliff House Hotel / Tom’s Garden and at Hoskins Gap West.Extensive monitoring of the cliffs over the past sixty years has produced a large and diverse dataset which has been compiled, analysed and assessed in this report. This includes inclinometer, piezometer and rainfall records, topographic surveying, aerial and ground photography, borehole and exposures logs, consultants’ reports, engineering drawings and newspaper articles. This report identifies characteristics of the key periods of activity at the two locations and compares and contrasts them. Maps of the areas of activity, cliff-top retreat, revetment movement and drainage patterns are provided. Fieldwork undertaken for the project includes the logging of three cliff exposures and the surveying of four cross-section profiles. Drawing on the information available it charts the progress of instability in the two study areas, suggests possible mechanisms for the failures and offers a prediction of future activity based upon the mechanisms described
The degradation of the Barton Clay Cliffs of Hampshire
No full textThe Barton Clay crops out along a 4·8 km stretch of the Hampshire coast and together with its capping of Plateau Gravels forms a cliff profile averaging around 30 to 37 m high. The original classic work on the geology of the Barton Clay had suggested a total thickness of only 34·5 m; more recent work involving boring and levelling on the cliff face has shown the formation to be 46·4 m thick. Active degradation of the outcrop creates a markedly stepped profile, relatively flat bench levels being separated from one another by steeper scarp slopes. The benches are underlain by up to 6 m of slipped debris or bench rubble. The scarps are formed by exposures of the solid Barton Clay and Plateau Gravel in the case of the top scarp. The interface between the bench rubble and Barton Clay is formed by a shear surface, an underground continuation of the scarp surfaces, which has been polished and grooved as a result of the seaward movement of the bench rubble. These shear surfaces are developed along particular, identifiable stratigraphic horizons within the Barton Clay and tend to develop along these horizons irrespective of the height of the latter within the cliff profile. Variations in the morphology occur laterally along the outcrop and can be related to the erosional history and partly to the geology.Five individual processes of degradation are particularly active on the undercliffs; these comprise bench sliding which is sliding of the bench rubble over the shear surfaces, collapse of the scarp slopes or scarp slumping, wearing down of the scarp slope by weathering or scarp spalling, and erosion by mud-flows and running water. Both mud-flows and streams when well developed cut through bench rubble and into the scarp slope and locally destroy the stepped profile. The current activity of these processes is due to marine erosion of the toe, the net result of the processes being a progressive retreat of the cliff top averaging over one metre per year in some places
Reactivation of landsliding following partial cliff stabilization at Barton-on-Sea, Hampshire, UK
No full textThe historically unstable eastern side of the Barton Clay coastal outcrop was subject to stabilization works during 1967–1968, the principal part of which was a 1450 m long filter drain with a sheet pile cut-off aimed at the seepage-prone Barton Sand–Barton Clay junction. Subsequently four reactivated landslides occurred and by 2008 amounted to c.?46% of the total length of the filter drain. Two of these landslides were massive failures of the whole undercliff. This paper examines the relations between the landslides and the stratigraphy, including the presence of the known preferred surfaces of shearing, and the characteristic geomorphological modes of degradation in the Barton Clay undercliffs. It is shown that although the original drainage design reflected the influence of the stratigraphy, there was insufficient consideration of the hazards posed by the natural patterns of degradation and their geomorphological expression. The earlier two of the landslides were followed by remedial measures but the latest two are continuing. Although the cliff toe is well protected by a robust rock armoured revetment, the western end of this area is now reverting to the state that existed before the stabilization works were installed
Clara Barton papers
No full textThe papers of Clara Barton (1821-1912), humanitarian and founder of the American Red Cross, document various of Barton's Red Cross efforts and her involvement in the National First Aid Association. Also included are records of the Women's Relief Corps which highlight efforts to urge Congress to pass a bill granting pensions to nurses of the Civil War
Landslides and stratigraphy in the coastal outcrop of the Barton Clay
No full textGeological surveying in soft rock landslide terrain with compound shaped landslides formed by slide prone horizons (SPH) cannot normally be comprehensive without subsurface investigations: the sharp angled shear surfaces of the compound slides result in the complete deformation of the in situ fabric and prevents exposure of the intact material located just above the SPH. The problem is illustrated with respect to the coastal outcrop of the Barton Clay in its type area in Christchurch Bay, Hampshire, UK. The extensive historical literature is briefly reviewed to show the difficulties experienced by the geologists seeking to give a comprehensive account of the stratigraphic sequence. Recent drilling through the most prominent SPH and a fortuitous exposure revealing details of a higher SPH has allowed details of the normally obscured part of the sequence to be revealed
Seepage characteristics and landsliding of the A3 zone of the Barton Beds
No full textThe most characteristic feature of the Barton Clay cliffs of Christchurch Bay is the presence of a number of preferred bedding plane surfaces of shearing. Most of these are contained within clay horizons and the reason for their preferential use by the coastal landslides is unknown. One surface, however, is at the base of the 2.7 m thick A3 Zone which consists of inter-bedded sand and clays. This surface is well exposed and forms a distinct feature in the cliffs throughout nearly the whole of the 1.5 mile coastal outcrop of the A3 Zone.The paper discusses the reason why a shear surface is preferentially developed at this stratigraphic location. Three possible causes are discussed under the headings of (i) pore pressure fluctuation, (ii) seepage erosion and piping and (iii) equilibration response time. The first two are well established theories but the third is a new hypothesis derived from the original Bishop and Bjerrum theory of delayed equilibration. It is considered that the discussion is useful in the general context of landsliding at sand/clay junctions in overconsolidated soils
Draft of statement for KSL, Jan. 27, 1959: draft prepared by Frank L. Barton for Senator Moss
No full textTypescript draft (2 pages) of answers by Frank E. Moss for an interview on KSL in January of 1959; and "Draft prepared by Frank L. Barton for Senator Moss" (2 pages), with a response to the question, "What is being done for the railroads
Barton Academy
No full textBarton Academy was named for state representative Willoughby Barton, the author of the bill that created Mobile's public school system. The building was used as a hospital for Union soldiers in 1864
Dorothy Yarnell Barton papers, 1889-1988
No full textThis collection contains personal journals from Dorothy Yarnell Barton's travels abroad and life in New Orleans, personal correspondence including greeting cards and letters home from her husband George's time living in France, scholarly writings from both George and Dorothy, and memorabilia from France, Ellington Field air base, and other areas. Newspaper clippings feature Dorothy, were written by Dorothy, or were collected by Dorothy and are organized thematically as she collected them. Many of the photographs in the collection are from albums of trips Dorothy and George took throughout their marriage, from their time living in New Orleans, and other family memories. Loose photographs include portraits of George E. Barton, Sr., George E. Barton, Jr., and Dorothy.; This collection is broken into series by creator, with materials from Dorothy and George in separate series. Within each series, items are organized by material. The photographs have a separate series and are organized by original album themes.Dorothy Yarnell Barton papers, 1889-198
Building Quality Assurance into Metadata Creation: an Analysis based on the Learning Objects and e-Prints Communities of Practice
No full textThis paper challenges some of the assumptions underlying the metadata creation process in the context of two communities of practice, based around learning object repositories and open e-Print archives. The importance of quality assurance for metadata creation is discussed and evidence from the literature, from the practical experiences of repositories and archives, and from related research and practices within other communities is presented. Issues for debate and further investigation are identified, formulated as a series of key research questions. Although there is much work to be done in the area of quality assurance for metadata creation, this paper represents an important first step towards a fuller understanding of the subject.
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