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Ornithomimosauria Barsbold 1976
No full textOrnithomimosauria Barsbold, 1976 a Included taxa. Deinocheirus mirificus Osmólska and Roniewicz, 1969; Garudimimus brevipes Barsbold, 1981; Harpymimus okladnikovi Barsbold and Perle, 1984; Pelecanimimus polyodon Pérez-Moreno, Sanz, Buscalioni, Moratalla, Ortega and Rasskin-Gutman, 1994. Ornithomimidae Marsh, 1890: Anserimimus planinychus Barsbold, 1988; Archaeornithomimus asiaticus (Gilmoje, 1933); Dromiceiomimus brevitertius (Parks, 1926); Dromiceiomimus samueli (Parks, 1928); Gallimimus bullatus Osmólska, Roniewicz and Barsbold, 1972; Ornithomimus edmontonicus Sternberg, 1933; Ornithomimus velox Marsh, 1890; Struthiomimus altus (Lambe, 1902). Temporal range. ?Hauterivian-Maastrichtian. Occurrence. Nemegt Formation, Omnogov, Mongolia; Baynshiren Svita, Omnogov, Mongolia; Shinekhuduk Svita, Dundgov, Mongolia; Calizas de La Huérguina Formation, Cuenca, Spain; Nemegt Svita, Bayankhongor, Mongolia; Iren Dabasu Formation, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, China; Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada; Judith River Formation, Alberta, Canada; Denver Formation, Colorado, USA; Kaiparowits Formation, Utah, USA. Diagnosis. Maxilla excluded from external nares by broad posterior ascending process of the premaxilla (this is a reversal to the ancestral dinosaurian condition, convergently present in Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis', condition unknown in Harpymimus okladnikovi)', humerus long, slender and straight; manual unguals only slightly curved or straight, with reduced, distally placed flexor tubercles; obturator process on ischium is small, triangular and placed entirely on the uppermost fifth of the ischial shaft (unknown in H. okladnikovi and P. polyodon)', pedal unguals ventrally flattened, with a semicircular depression instead of a flexor tubercle. Remarks. Orn ithomimids (Text-fig. 6e) have long been recognized as a monophyletic clade of theropods (e.g. Marsh 1890; Osborn 1916; Russell 1972; Barsbold 1976 Óz; Barsbold and Osmólska 1990). However, the discovery of primitive forms intermediate between o rnithomimids and other theropods during the last 25 years (Barsbold 1981; Barsbold and Perle 1984; Pérez-Moreno et al. 1994) makes a formal diagnosis of this group more problematic, since several characters that were usually used to define o rnithomimids (e.g. Russell 1972) are absent from these more primitive forms or convergently present in other theropods. Deinocheirus mirificus has repeatedly been compared with, or even referred to, the Ornithomimosauria (Ostrom 1972; Gauthier 1986; Paul 1988a), but it was listed as a theropod of uncertain taxonomic position by Norman (1990 a). However, the differences between ornit homimids and Deinocheirus listed by Nicholls and Russell (1985) all represent plesiomorphies in the latter taxon, and might, therefore, only indicate that Deinocheirus is not a member of the most advanced ornithomimosaurs, the ornithomimids. D. mirificus shares with all ornithomimosaurs the apomorphic presence of an especially long, slender and straight humerus, and with all members of this clade which are more derived than Harpymimus the apomorphic characters of the first metacarpal being subequal in length to metacarpal II, and the presence of a reduced, proximally placed, triangular deltopectoral crest on the humerus. Therefore, the taxon is referred to the Ornithomimosauria here. Even after the inclusion of the more primitive members, the monophyly of the o rnithomimo saurs is still well supported by apomorphic characters (see above); therefore, they are treated as a single OTU. The phylogenetic relationships within ornithomimosaurs are probably (Harpymimus (Pelecanimimus,? Deinocheirus (Garudimimus, O rnithomimidae))) (modified from Barsbold and Osmólska 1990).Published as part of Rauhut, Oliver W. M., 2003, The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs, pp. 1-213 in Special papers in palaeontology 69 on pages 38-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.338257
Oviraptorosauria Barsbold 1976
No full textOviraptorosauria Barsbold, 1976 a Included taxa. Caenagnathidae Sternberg, 1940: Caenagnathasia martinsoni Currie, Godfrey and Nessov, 1993; Chirostenotes elegans (Parks, 1933); Chirostenotes pergracilis Gilmore, 1924 a; Elmisaurus rarus Osmólska, 1981. Oviraptoridae Barsbold, 1976 b: Citipati osmolskae Clark, Norell and Barsbold, 2001; Conchoraptor gracilis Barsbold, 1986; Ingenia yanshini Barsbold, 1981; Khaan mckennai Clark, Norell and Barsbold, 2001; Nomingia gobiensis Barsbold, Osmólska, Watabe, Currie and Tsogtbataar, 2000; Oviraptor mongoliensis Barsbold, 1986; Oviraptor philoceratops Osborn, 1924. Temporal range. Turonian-Maastrichtian. Occurrence. Bissekty Formation, Uzbekistan; Judith River Formation, Alberta, Canada, and Montana, USA; Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada; Nemegt Formation, Omnogov, Mongolia; Red beds of Khermeen Tsav, Omnogov, Mongolia; Beds of Bugeen Tsav, Bayankhongor, Mongolia; Djadokhta Formation, Omnogov, Mongolia; Bayan Mandahu Red beds, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, China. Diagnosis. Maxilla with broad palatal shelf bearing two longitudinal ridges and with posteromedial toothlike process; dentary with medial ridge; dorsal margin of dentary deeply concave; dentary with two long posterior processes separated by the external mandibular fenestra; coronoid process of dentary inflected dorsomedially; articular surface of lower jaw convex in lateral view, distinctly expanded laterally and medially, and raised above the dorsal margin of the mandibular ramus; proximal caudal vertebrae strongly pneumatised. The following characters might be synapomorphies of the Oviraptorosauria, but are currently unknown in caenagnathids: postorbital part of the skull subequal in length to the preorbital part (i.e. snout very short and high); suborbital fenestra closed, ectopterygoid contacts the palatine in a broad suture anteriorly (the condition in therizinosaurs might be similar, but is uncertain); premaxillary body as high as, or higher than the height of orbit. Remarks. The first representatives of this peculiar group of dinosaurs (Text-fig. 6f) were described by Osborn (1924) and Gilmore (1924 a), although it was not then recognized that Chirostenotes Gilmore is a close relative of Oviraptor Osborn. In 1940, Sternberg described two edentulous lower jaws from the Campanian Judith River Formation of Canada as a new genus of Cretaceous birds, Caenagnathus, and referred it to its own family, Caenagnathidae. All of these taxa received surprisingly little attention until new and better preserved material of oviraptorosaurs discovered in the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia in the 1970s revealed the bizarre skull anatomy of these animals. Osmólska (1976) recognized the close similarities of the lower jaws of Caenagnathus and Oviraptor and Barsbold (1976 a, b) created the family Oviraptoridae and the suborder Oviraptorosauria. In 1981, Osmólska described some new theropod remains from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia as Elmisaurus rarus and created the family Elmisauridae to include Elmisaurus, Chirostenotes and Macrophalangia Sternberg, 1932. Currie and Russell (1988) confirmed the close relationships of Elmisaurus and Chirostenotes, and synonymized Macrophalangia with the latter genus. In the 1990 compendium ‘The Dinosauria ’ (Weishampel et al.), Currie listed Elmisaurus and Chirostenotes as elmisaurids, and referred the species O rnithomimus elegans Parks, 1933 to the latter genus. In the same compendium, Barsbold et al. listed the Oviraptoridae and the Caenagnathidae as members of the Oviraptorosauria. In 1997, Sues described a new specimen of Chirostenotes from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation of western Canada. He presented a good case for arguing that Caenagnathus represents the same genus as Chirostenotes and consequently used the older family name Caenagnathidae Sternberg, 1940, instead of Elmisauridae Osmolska, 1981. He further concluded that caenagnathids and oviraptorids can be united as Oviraptorosauria, based on several cranial and postcranial synapomorphies. This view is followed here.Published as part of Rauhut, Oliver W. M., 2003, The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs, pp. 1-213 in Special papers in palaeontology 69 on page 40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.338257
Reexamination of a primitive ornithomimosaur, Garudimimus brevipes Barsbold, 1981 (Dinosauria: Theropoda), from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia
No full textThe holotype of Garudimimus brevipes, discovered from the Upper Cretaceous sediments of Mongolia and named by Barsbold in 1981, is redescribed in detail in this paper. Reexamination of the holotype reveals a great deal of anatomical information, which allows us to revise the original diagnosis of this taxon and make comparisons with other ornithomimosaur taxa to understand the evolution of ornithomimosaurs. This paper suggests that characters used to differentiate this taxon in the original paper (short ilia, short metatarsals, exposure of the proximal end of metatarsal III, presence of pedal digit I, and absence of pleurocoels) are not apomorphies but represent the primitive conditions in ornithomimosaurs and are symplesiomorphies. Revised diagnoses are assigned for G. brevipes (posteriorly positioned jaw articulation, fossae at base of dorsal process of supraoccipital, paired depressions on neural spines of proximal caudal vertebra, and deep groove on lateral surface of pedal phalanges III-1 and III-2). Metatarsals of Garudimimus display a non-arctometatarsalian condition as in an Early Cretaceous form, Harpymimus, but the constriction of metatarsal III in Garudimimus is intermediate between Harpymimus and the arctometatarsalian condition in Gallimimus and other derived ornithomimosaurs (ornithomimids). Garudimimus is the only non-ornithomimid ornithomimosaur with edentulous jaws, which were probably covered by rhamphothecae. The loss of teeth with evolution of rhamphothecae and development of a cutting edge in the dentary of Garudimimus suggest the acquisition of feeding habits that included plucking food at the anterior portion of the jaw and cutting at the middle portion, similar to ornithomimids
Zanabazar Norell & Makovicky & Bever & Balanoff & Clark & Barsbold & Rowe 2009, new genus
No full textZanabazar, new genus TYPE SPECIES: Zanabazar junior (Barsbold, 1974). DERIVATION OF NAME: In honor of Zanabazar (1635–1723), the first Bogd Gegen of Mongolia. INCLUDED SPECIES: Type species only. LOCALITY AND AGE: Nemegt Formation at Bugiin Tsav, Omnogov Aimag, Mongolia (figs. 2, 21). The Nemegt Formation overlies the Djadokhta Formation and is considered to be Maestrichtian based primarily upon the vertebrate fauna (Jerzykiewicz and Russell, 1991). DIAGNOSIS: Differs from Saurornithoides mongoliensis and most other troodontids (save Troodon formosus) in lacking a small depression on the lateral wall of the braincase just dorsal to the trigeminal foramen. The holotype of Zanabazar junior is the largest published troodontid specimen (midline length of the skull 5 272 mm), and is substantially larger than most other troodontid species. Only Troodon formosus appears to approach it in size. Differs from Troodon formosus in having a more ovoid-shaped foramen magnum, a posttemporal fenestra that is enclosed by an almost equal proportion of the exoccipital/opisthotic and squamosal (this same feature in Troodon formosus is formed almost entirely by the exoccipital/opisthotic), a deeper paroccipital process resulting in a different positon of the posttemporal fossa relative to the foramen magnum, and the lack of an osseous signature of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) in the laterosphenoid.Published as part of Norell, Mark A., Makovicky, Peter J., Bever, Gabe S., Balanoff, Amy M., Clark, James M., Barsbold, Rinchen & Rowe, Timothy, 2009, A Review of the Mongolian Cretaceous Dinosaur Saurornithoides (Troodontidae: Theropoda), pp. 1-64 in American Museum Novitates 3654 on pages 26-27, DOI: 10.1206/648.1, http://zenodo.org/record/535741
Heyuanninae clade nov., a replacement name for the oviraptorid subfamily "Ingeniinae" Barsbold, 1981
No full textYun, Chan-Gyu (2019): Heyuanninae clade nov., a replacement name for the oviraptorid subfamily "Ingeniinae" Barsbold, 1981. Zootaxa 4671 (2): 295-296, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.2.1
A new name for the oviraptorid dinosaur "Ingenia" yanshini (Barsbold, 1981; preoccupied by Gerlach, 1957)
No full textEaster, Jesse (2013): A new name for the oviraptorid dinosaur "Ingenia" yanshini (Barsbold, 1981; preoccupied by Gerlach, 1957). Zootaxa 3737 (2): 184-190, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3737.2.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Reexamination of a primitive ornithomimosaur, Garudimimus brevipes Barsbold, 1981 (Dinosauria: Theropoda), from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia
No full textVariations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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