1,721,007 research outputs found
Probing the Underlying Principles of Perceived Immanent Accents Using a Modeling Approach
Full text linkThis article deals with the question of how the perception of the “immanent accents”
can be predicted and modeled. By immanent accent we mean any musical event
in the score that is related to important points in the musical structure (e.g., tactus
positions, melodic peaks) and is therefore able to capture the attention of a listener.
Our aim was to investigate the underlying principles of these accented notes by
combining quantitative modeling, music analysis and experimental methods. A listening
experiment was conducted where 30 participants indicated perceived accented notes
for 60 melodies, vocal and instrumental, selected from Baroque, Romantic and Post-
tonal styles. This produced a large and unique collection of perceptual data about the
perceived immanent accents, organized by styles consisting of vocal and instrumental
melodies within Western art music. The music analysis of the indicated accents provided
a preliminary list of musical features that could be identified as possible reasons for
the raters’ perception of the immanent accents. These features related to the score in
different ways, e.g., repeated fragments, single notes, or overall structure. A modeling
approach was used to quantify the influence of feature groups related to pitch contour,
tempo, timing, simple phrasing, and meter. A set of 43 computational features was
defined from the music analysis and previous studies and extracted from the score
representation. The mean ratings of the participants were predicted using multiple linear
regression and support vector regression. The latter method (using cross-validation)
obtained the best result of about 66% explained variance (
r= 0.81) across all melodies and for a selected group of raters. The independent contribution of each feature
group was relatively high for pitch contour and timing (9.6 and 7.0%). There were also
significant contributions from tempo (4.5%), simple phrasing (4.4%), and meter (3.9%).
Interestingly, the independent contribution varied greatly across participants, implying
different listener strategies, and also some variability across different styles. The large
differences among listeners emphasize the importance of considering the individual
listener’s perception in future research in music perceptio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Beyond the Score: Timbre Analysis in Avant-garde Music
Full text linkThe article examines perceptual aspects of timbre within the context of avant-garde XX century music. An excerpt from a work by Luciano Berio was taken into account. We recorded it on 8 separate channels each of them devoted to small groups of homogeneous sounds, in order to obtain a global result that we could modify by subtracting one or more of the recorded groups. We prepared four different excerpts: one with the original version and three with modified versions. 50 participants (25 experts, 25 non-experts) were invited to fill in a semantic differential bipolar scale made of 12 adjectives, 6 concerning emotional and 6 sensorial aspects of perception. We interpreted the subjects’ responses with the help of a spectrographic analysis and of studies on timbre verbalization. The main aim of our research was to explore the possibilities of timbre analysis, a field that so far has no solid scientific background. The research obtained promising responses from expert listeners, while non-experts manifested a sort of aesthetic refusal of this genre of music. Positive results were obtained also in the critical observations of possibilities and limits of spectrographic analysis and verbalizations of timbre. We hope that our initial data can be useful for future studies on timbre perception.</p
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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