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    Strike-slip systems as the main tectonic features in the Plio-Quaternary kinematics of the Calabrian Arc

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    The oblique and diachronous collision of theApennine-Maghrebian Chain with the Apulian (in thenorth-east) and Pelagian (in the south) continental forelands,has determined the characteristic arcuate structure ofthis orogen. The effects of Plio-Pleistocene deformationof the Calabrian Arc have been analysed on the basis ofavailable reflection seismic profiles and using local timestructuralmaps reconstructed along the main structures.During this period, internal sectors of the Tertiary chainmigrated forward on the oceanic Ionian foreland, and werecut by important strike-slip systems. These last have anorientation approximately coincident with that of themigration of the front, allowing differential movement ofthe different sectors of the arc, towards the weakly buoyantIonian oceanic domain. The dataset suggests a clear connectionbetween the development of the strike-slip systemscutting the chain and the direction of tectonic transport,towards the East during Late Messinian/Early Pliocenetime, to the ESE during Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocenetime, finally to the SSE during the Middle/Late Pleistoceneto Present, showing a clockwise rotation in well definedstages during the kinematic evolution of the chain. Theorigin of the Strait of Messina during the different phases isalso interpreted in the context of the analysed regionaltectonic setting

    Site Amplification at Permanent Stations in Northeastern Italy

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    The application of earthquake recordings to the estimation of an event’s magnitude and the construction of rapid-response ground-motion maps requires an adequate classification of the recording stations in terms of their site response. For permanent stations, this information can be obtained from a sufficiently large database of past recordings.In this work, we analyze more than 7300 three-component recordings collected between 1996 and 2017 by 67 permanent stations in northeastern Italy to assess their site amplification. The signals come from 368 earthquakes with a magnitude range of M 3.2–5.8 and a distance range of 10–300 km. We evaluate the frequency-dependent amplification function with respect to a reference station with a flat seismic noise horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio. The evaluation relies on the decomposition of the S-wave amplitude spectra in terms of source, propagation, and site response. We solve the decomposition with a nonparametric, single-step generalized inversion in the frequency band 0.5–20 Hz. In addition, we compute the amplification factors for peak ground acceleration and velocity with respect to a well-established ground-motion prediction equation. The results highlight that only 11 stations show a relatively flat unitary response with respect to the reference site, whereas the frequency-averaged amplification function at 23 out of 67 stations exhibits a value larger than 2. We classified the sites according to their surface geology and geo-morphological scenario and found that amplification affects not only stations installed on the alluvial soil but also several stations installed on what are assumed to be rock sites. Sites in caves and mines exhibit deamplification, whereas the stations with sensors in bore-holes exhibit the typical interference pattern. A good correlation between the amplifica tion factors and the frequency-averaged amplification functions suggests the possibility of predicting time-domain peak ground-motion values from amplification functions estimated by generalized inversion

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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