11,761 research outputs found
Barley starch
No full textThis thesis examined barley amylopectin structure and looked for correlations between the structure and physical properties of starch. The structure of amylopectin and gelatinisation and retrogradation of starch were studied in 10 different barley cultivars/breeding lines with differing genetic background.
Amylopectin is built up of thousands of chains of glucose monomers, organised into clusters. The detailed fine structure of amylopectin was studied by isolating clusters of amylopectin and their building blocks, which are the tightly branched units building up the clusters. Barley cultivars/breeding lines possessing the amo1 mutation had fewer long chains of DP≥38 in amylopectin and more large building blocks. The structure of building blocks was rather conserved between the different barley cultivars/breeding lines studied and was categorized into different size groups. These different building blocks were shown to be randomly distributed in the amylopectin molecule. The C-chains in amylopectin can be of any length and are a category of chains different from the B-chains. The backbone in amylopectin consists of a special type of B-chains which, when cleaved by α-amylase, become chains of a similar type to C-chains.
Gelatinisation and retrogradation (recrystallisation of gelatinised starch) of barley starch was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The amo1 mutation resulted in a broader gelatinisation temperature range and a higher enthalpy of retrogradation. Other structural features were also found to influence the physical properties of starch. Small clusters and denser structure of the building blocks resulted in higher gelatinisation temperature. Fast retrogradation was observed in barley which had amylopectin with shorter chains and many large building blocks consisting of many chains.
Amylopectin structure was also studied in developing barley kernels. Three barley cultivars/breeding lines were grown in a phytotron and kernels were harvested at 9, 12 and 24 days after flowering. The results showed that amylopectin synthesized at later stages of development had a more tightly branched structure. Expression of the enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis is also known to change during endosperm development
Investigations into the Characteristics of Historic Barley Varieties with Reference to Fungal Diseases and Physiology
No full textThe aim of this study was to characterise modern and historic barley varieties for agronomic and growth characteristics and to assess their resistance to Fusarium and mildew diseases.
Barley is a major agricultural crop cultivated throughout the world providing an important source of energy and protein for humans and animals. To achieve its potential, however, it must be carefully managed to avoid diseases particularly those caused by fungi which can cause serious economic losses and affect food safety and quality.
Contemporary barley varieties have been selected for yield and disease resistance. However, long term resistance to disease is increasingly difficult to achieve as microorganisms mutate and maintain their virulence. Investigating the potential of historic barley varieties as a genetic resource for future developments is one approach to obtaining novel attributes which may have been overlooked when breeding focused on yield rather than character of barley and on disease resistance.
To examine the characteristics and disease resistance of historic barley varieties a series of investigations was conducted. Initially a screening was initiated by growing thirteen historic barley varieties and two modern barley varieties in a field trial in 2009. Growth features, yield and symptoms of mildew and Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) were scored and compared. This field experiment was repeated in 2010 with six of these varieties at the John Innes Centre by deliberately exposing the plants to F. culmorum Fu 42. A further experiment was conducted at the same time by growing seven varieties in glasshouse conditions at the University of Sunderland under inoculated and uninoculated conditions.
From both growing seasons clear differences were found for the level of F. culmorum infection between the different barley cultivars with infection levels in heads ranging from 16% for Chevalier and 86.4% for Tipple barley varieties respectively. Nitrogen increased the level of FHB in all varieties possibly because
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of increased plant leaf number, tillers and humidity within the environment around the plant.
Mycotoxin analysis showed that F. culmorum infection resulted in mycotoxin contamination of all varieties. However, levels of mycotoxin were significantly lower in Chevalier barley compared to other barley varieties including the two modern varieties, Tipple and Westminster. Observations using scanning electron microscopy indicated a different pattern of fungal growth in Chevalier barley with limited fungal development on both external and internal surfaces compared to other susceptible varieties.
In general resistance against FHB disease depends on variable responses including plant physiology and morphology, antifungal compounds or resistance genes. Different flowering dates or flowering periods could be also considered reasons for different infection levels. However, in this study the duration of anthesis was not assessed and could be an important factor. Further experiments to identify the flowering times of different varieties could be considered for further research.
The lower levels of disease associated with lower levels of mycotoxins and a reduced fungal development in Chevalier barley indicated that this variety has a strong resistance against FHB disease. This may be because of its late flowering and its tall height minimising colonisation from the soil. However, Chevalier barley was found to be very susceptible to powdery mildew disease, particularly in glasshouse studies.
The potential of Chevalier barley to produce good malt was indicated when compared to modern varieties suggesting that Chevalier may be a valuable breeding stock for future developments
CANADIAN EXPORTS OF WHEAT AND BARLEY TO THE UNITED STATES AND ITS IMPACTS ON U.S. DOMESTIC PRICES
No full textCanadian exports of wheat and barley to the United States have increased significantly since the late 1980s. The objectives of this study are to determine the factors that affect trade flows of hard red spring wheat, durum wheat, malting barley, and feed barley from Canada to the United States and to evaluate the impacts of Canadian wheat and barley exports on the U.S. domestic prices of these commodities. Major factors affecting trade flows of these commodities from Canada to the United States include the exchange rate, quality differences, differences in market size, the U.S. Export Enhancement Program, the elimination of Canadian rail subsidies, and trade liberalization under the Canada - United States Free Trade Agreement of 1989 (CUSTA). These factors have positively influenced Canadian exports, resulting in major increases in Canadian exports of agricultural commodities to the United States. The increased Canadian exports have resulted in reduced U.S. domestic prices of wheat.bilateral trade, free trade agreement, wheat, barley, farm price, International Relations/Trade,
Letter From William Bell Scott to Mr Chambers
No full textabstract: Concerning Scott's thanks, his writings about his own works, and a manuscript of "The Nightingale Unheard."Seller's Description: Reads "A.L.S. from Author to Mr. Chambers explaining how busy he is... The sonnet is printed in the book. Fredeman: 56.7 £87.50"Handwritten Note: Unknown handwriting at top right reads "June 1st 1877."Publication Details: "The Nightingale Unheard" published in "Poems" by William Bell Scott.Creation Date Details: Undated range is the author's lifespan.Provenance: Removed from:
Poems / by William Bell Scott. Ballads, studies from nature, sonnets, etc. / illustrated by seventeen etchings by the author and L. Alma Tadema. Publisher London : Longmans, Green, 1875. CALL #
HAYDEN SPECIAL COLL SPEC PRB-13
Scott Belsky in Conversation with DesignByThem - Part One.mp4
No full textWatch here as Scott Belsky (CEO/Founder Behance + Author Making Ideas Happen) joins Sydney design duo Sarah Gibson and Nicholas Karlovasitis from DesignByThem to discuss some of the challenges facing creative companies as they try to grow their business. In part one Nick and Sarah get some great advice from Scott about what makes an effective partnership and how to learn from the challenges that can arise. Scott also explains the Behance technique of ?Concepting Teams? with representatives from all areas of the business to brainstorm issues or new ideas
Cardozo AELJ Author Interview Series: Scott Semaya, Class of 2023
No full textThe Cardozo AELJ Author Interview Series seeks to give our readers further insight into the Articles and Notes published in the Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal. In this interview, Scott Semaya discusses his Note, Name, Image and Likeness: Giving College Athletes the Clearest Guidance to Best Profit off Their NIL, which was published in Volume 41, Issue 2.
This post was originally published on the Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal website on June 6, 2023. The original post can be accessed via the Archived Link button above
Cardozo AELJ Author Interview Series: Scott Semaya, Class of 2023
No full textThe Cardozo AELJ Author Interview Series seeks to give our readers further insight into the Articles and Notes published in the Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal. In this interview, Scott Semaya discusses his Note, Name, Image and Likeness: Giving College Athletes the Clearest Guidance to Best Profit off Their NIL, which was published in Volume 41, Issue 2.
This post was originally published on the Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal website on June 6, 2023. The original post can be accessed via the Archived Link button above
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Cardozo AELJ Author Interview Series: Scott Semaya, Class of 2023
No full textThe Cardozo AELJ Author Interview Series seeks to give our readers further insight into the Articles and Notes published in the Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal. In this interview, Scott Semaya discusses his Note, Name, Image and Likeness: Giving College Athletes the Clearest Guidance to Best Profit off Their NIL, which was published in Volume 41, Issue 2.
This post was originally published on the Cardozo Arts & Entertainment Law Journal website on June 6, 2023. The original post can be accessed via the Archived Link button above
Scott Belsky in Conversation with DesignByThem - Part Two.mp4
No full textSarah Gibson and Nicholas Karlovasitis from DesignByThem continue their conversation with Scott Belsky (CEO/Founder Behance + Author Making Ideas Happen). They discuss the relationship between taking financial risks in creative enterprise whilst valuing professional standards in their work
Article entitled "Emmett J. Scott, Author and Business Man, Dies"
No full textNewspaper article entitled "Emmett J. Scott, Author and Business Man, Dies." Mr. Scott died on Dec. 12, 1957
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