1,720,969 research outputs found
Estudo morfológico da glândula pineal do pinguim-de-magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus Forster, 1781)
Get PDFOrientador: Prof. Dr. Weferson Júnio da GraçaCoorientador: Prof. Dr. André Luis FiladelphoDissertação (mestrado em Biologia Comparada) - Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 2014O pinguim-de-Magalhães é a espécie de pinguim mais abundantemente registrada, migrando de suas colônias reprodutivas na região da Patagônia, pelas correntes oceânicas, em busca da abundância de alimento na plataforma continental brasileira. A glândula pineal tem função fundamental nos processos biológicos nos animais que migram, ela é uma glândula endócrina cujas secreções são influenciadas pelo fotoperíodo (luz/escuridão). A melatonina, o hormônio sintetizado e secretado pela pineal, tem sua ação sobre o ciclo cicardiano e circanual que influenciam diretamente nos processos migratórios de aves terrestres e marinhas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever os parâmetros morfológicos da glândula pineal do pinguim-de-Magalhães e assim proporcionar maior conhecimento sobre a mesma, já que há poucos estudos relatados. Para isso foram coletados indivíduos no litoral sul do Brasil, no Estado do Paraná pelo Centro de Estudos do Mar (CEM) da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) através do Programa Nacional de Monitoramento do Pinguins-de-Magalhães. Foram feitas avaliações morfométricas e análise histológica das glândulas. Os resultados obtidos corroboram com dados encontrados na literatura onde a pineal dessas aves possui tamanho relativamente maior que de outras aves e sua composição tecidual apresenta, no geral, semelhanças com outros vertebradosThe penguin-of-Magellan is a species of penguin more abundantly recorded, migrating from their breeding colonies in the region of Patagonia, by ocean currents, in search of the abundance of food on the Brazilian continental shelf. The pineal gland has key role in biological processes in animals that migrate, it is an endocrine gland whose secretions are influenced by photoperiod (light/dark). The melatonin, the hormone that is synthesized and secreted by pineal region, their action on the cycle circadian and circannual variation that influence directly in migratory processes of land and sea birds. The objective of this work was to establish the morphological parameters of the pineal gland of the penguin-of-Magellan and thus provide greater knowledge of the same, since there are few studies reported. For this were collected individuals in the southern coast of Brazil, in the State of Parana by the Center of Studies of the Sea (EMC) of the Federal University of Parana (UFPR) through the National Program of Monitoring the Penguins-of-Magellan. Evaluations were made morphometric and histological analysis of glands. The results corroborate the data found in the literature where the pineal region of these birds has size relatively higher than other birds and their composition tissue presents, in general, similarities with other vertebrates75 f. : il. (algumas col.)
Invertebrados de banhados com entornos preservados e impactados na Regi?o de campos de barba-de-bode, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Get PDFThe wetlands are characterized by the presence of permanent or temporary water table
without flow and abundance of organic matter, which offers an ecosystem suitable for the
occurrence of a great diversity of animal and vegetal groups. However, the biodiversity of
these environments is directly affected by agriculture and livestock, being commonly used as
a basis for irrigation in agriculture, besides offering a rich diversity of plants for feeding in
livestock. Invertebrate groups are of great importance to the food chain of these environments,
and as these organisms are affected the impact extends throughout the food chain. For the
present study, twenty-two plots with different degrees of impact and preservation were chosen
in their surroundings, aiming to perform a survey of invertebrates that occur in plains of the
bearded field region, to the northwest of the Rio Grande do Sul State, with the objective of
verifying how the degradation of the environmental matrices of these areas can affect the
abundance and local richness of the invertebrate community. In the data collection, 4,873
invertebrates were identified from 90 t?xon, classified mostly at the family level. We used
several methods of comparison between the environments and it was verified that in
environments characterized as impacted, because they present a matrix of environment
transformed in agriculture, the richness increases gradually according to the increase of the
size of the plots.Os banhados se caracterizam pela presen?a de l?mina de ?gua permanente ou tempor?ria sem
fluxo e abund?ncia de mat?ria org?nica, que oferece um ecossistema apropriado para
ocorr?ncia de uma grande diversidade de grupos animais e vegetais. No entanto, a
biodiversidade destes ambientes ? diretamente afetada pela agricultura e pecu?ria, sendo
comumente utilizados como base para irriga??o na agricultura al?m de oferecerem uma rica
diversidade de plantas para a alimenta??o na pecu?ria. Os grupos de invertebrados ? de grande
import?ncia para a cadeia alimentar desses ambientes, e a medida que esses organismos s?o
afetados o impacto se estende por toda a cadeia alimentar. Para o presente estudo foram
escolhidos vinte e dois banhados com diferentes graus de impacto e preserva??o em seu
entorno, visando realizar um levantamento de invertebrados que ocorrem em banhados da
regi?o de campos de barba-de-bode, ao noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com o
objetivo de verificar como a degrada??o das matrizes de entorno destas ?reas pode afetar a
abund?ncia e riqueza local da comunidade de invertebrados. No levantamento de dados foram
identificados 4.873 invertebrados de 90 t?xons, classificados na maior parte em n?vel de
fam?lia. Foram utilizados diversos m?todos de compara??o entre os ambientes e foi verificado
que nos ambientes caracterizados como impactados, por apresentarem matriz de entorno
transformada em lavoura, a riqueza aumenta gradativamente de acordo com o aumento do
tamanho do banhado
O impacto ambiental dos arrozais no recrutamento de peixes no Rio Icamaqu? no M?dio Uruguai, Rs, Brasil
Get PDFThe present research is based on the evaluation of the possible
environmental impact that rice production (Rice Fields) can affect on fish
recruitment. The research was developed in February 2015 in a rice field
located in the Middle Uruguay Basin (S?o Borja/RS). Captured fishes were
biometrically identified with references? help. At different collection points a total
of 40 species of fish were collected, numbering 1,288 fishes. Within the
captured fishes were observed some species that are in the List of Endangered
Species in Rio Grande do Sul, as Salminus brasiliensis and Bryconorbignyanus.
Using the condition factor, it was observed that some of these species were not
affected in their development, and some presented significant weight growth,
which was the case of P. Lineatus. In the other hand, Salminus brasiliensis
presented significant weight decrease. In this regard, the rice fields?
environmental impact in species was measured through the decrease of
physiological quality.O presente trabalho baseia-se em avaliar o poss?vel impacto ambiental, que a
produ??o de arroz (Arrozais) possa afetar no recrutamento dos peixes. O
trabalho foi desenvolvido em fevereiro de 2015 em uma lavoura de arroz
localizada na bacia do M?dio Uruguai (S?o Borja/RS). Os peixes capturados
foram biometricamente identificados com o aux?lio das referencias. Foram
capturados, nos diferentes pontos de coleta um total de 40 esp?cies de peixes,
totalizando um n?mero de 1.288 peixes. Dentre os peixes capturados foram
observadas esp?cies que se encontram na lista de esp?cies amea?adas no Rio
Grande do Sul, que ? caso do Salminus brasiliensis e daBryconorbignyanus.
Utilizando o fator de condi??o foi observado que algumas esp?cies n?o tiveram
seu desenvolvimento afetado, e ainda algumas chegaram a apresentar um
aumento significativo no peso esperado que foi o caso do P. lineatus.Por outro
lado o Salminus brasiliensis apresentou uma queda significativa no peso
esperado. Nesse sentido, O impacto das arrozeiras na esp?cie foi verificado
atrav?s de uma redu??o da qualidade fisiol?gica
Distribui??o do ictiopl?ncton no M?dio Rio Uruguai, Munic?pio de S?o Borja (Rs, Brasil)
Get PDFLarge migratory species are generally of the highest commercial importance and are also those that suffer most from the effects of busbars and other anthropic impacts, however, there are few studies on these fish in less impacted environments and in Middle Uruguay. For the research were collected monthly during the reproductive period (October / 2015 to March / 2016). In the study, eight samples were collected at each point per month using a conical-cylindrical plankton trawl with a mesh of 500 ?m. At the same time, the following water quality variables were analyzed: transparency, velocity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity and water pH. The collected ichthyoplankton samples were fixed in 4% formalin. In the laboratory, the samples were screened and identified with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope. A total of 802 individuals were collected, most of them larvae. Spatially, it was verified that in the sampling point of S?o Borja there was a greater abundance of larvae of Schizodon nasutus, Prochilodus lineatus, Astyanax jacuhiensis, Bryconamericus stramineus, Pimelodus maculatus and Leporinus spp. A higher abundance of eggs and larvae was observed in early spring, mainly in November, which coincided with the increase in river level. In order to obtain the sample data, as well as abundance and standard deviation, the Univariate Analysis of Variance (oneway, ANOVA) was used. It is concluded that this stretch of the Uruguay River is an important nursery of fish including long-distance migratory species and that the reproductive period in the year 2015/2016 was concentrated in the spring when the river level was higher.Os peixes migradores de grande porte s?o geralmente os de maior import?ncia comercial e tamb?m s?o aqueles que sofrem mais os efeitos dos barramentos e outros impactos antr?picos, no entanto pouco s?o os estudos sobre estes peixes no M?dio Uruguai. No presente estudo, foram realizadas coletas mensais durante o per?odo reprodutivo (outubro/2015 a mar?o/2016). Foram feitas oito coletas em cada ponto por m?s utilizando uma rede de arrastro de pl?ncton com formato c?nico-cil?ndrico com malha de 500 ?m. Paralelamente foram feitas analises das seguintes vari?veis de qualidade da ?gua transpar?ncia, velocidade, temperatura, oxig?nio dissolvido, condutividade el?trica e pH da ?gua. As amostras de ictiopl?ncton coletadas foram fixadas em formol 4%. Em laborat?rio, as amostras foram triadas e identificadas com o aux?lio de um microsc?pio estereosc?pico. Foram coletados um total de 802 indiv?duos, a maior parte deles larvas. Espacialmente foi verificado que no ponto amostral de S?o Borja teve uma maior abundancia de larvas de Schizodon nasutus, Prochilodus lineatus, Astyanax jacuhiensis, Bryconamericus stramineus, Pimelodus maculatus e Leporinus spp e tamb?m foram registradas oito esp?cies migradoras de longa dist?ncia. Temporalmente foi verificada uma maior abund?ncia de ovos e larvas no in?cio da primavera, principalmente em novembro, o que coincidiu com o aumento do n?vel do rio. Para a obten??o dos dados amostrais bem como, abund?ncia e desvio padr?o foi utilizada a An?lise de Vari?ncia uni fatorial (oneway, ANOVA). Conclui-se que este trecho do rio Uruguai ? um importante ber??rio de peixes inclusive de esp?cies migradoras de longa dist?ncia e que o per?odo reprodutivo no ano de 2015/2016 esteve concentrado na primavera quando o n?vel do rio estava mais alto
O impacto do triflumuron sobre o organismo-modelo zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Get PDFIn the present study, we aim to evaluate the frequency of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes from zebrafish (Danio rerio), by the exposure of this species to different concentrations of triflumuron (Certero?), in acute (96 hours) and chronical (30 days) tests. In acute treatments the following concentrations of insecticide were used: 0,2 mL/L; 0,6 mL/L e 1,8 mL/L. In this tests there was complete fish mortality within 24 hours of exposure to the insecticide. In the chronicle treatment it was used the concentration of 0,2 mL/L. In this last test, there was no fish mortality before the end of the experiment, but through the statistical test it was verified that the triflumuron did not increase the frequencies of micronuclei and abnormalities in the blood cells of these animals.Neste trabalho buscou-se avaliar a frequ?ncia de micron?cleos e anormalidades nucleares em eritr?citos de zebrafish (Danio rerio), por meio da exposi??o desta esp?cie a diferentes concentra??es de triflumuron (Certero?), em testes agudos (96 horas) e cr?nico (30 dias). Nos testes agudos foram usadas as seguintes concentra??es do inseticida: 0,2 mL/L; 0,6 mL/L e 1,8 mL/L. Nesses testes, houve mortalidade total dos peixes em menos de 24 horas de exposi??o ao inseticida. No tratamento cr?nico foi utilizada a concentra??o de 0,2 mL/L. Neste ?ltimo n?o houve mortalidade de peixes antes do t?rmino do experimento, mas constatou-se por meio do teste estat?stico que o triflumuron n?o aumentou as frequ?ncias de micron?cleos e anormalidades nuclerares nas c?lulas sangu?neas destes animais
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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