196,326 research outputs found
Innovazione informatica e lavoro dei medici
No full textIn recent years, exogenous shocks and cuts in public funding affected the ability to provide
health services of adequate quality: an increase in the need for clinical work has combined with
a chronic understaffing of medical personnel to generate a critical crisis. Telemedicine has
emerged as a potential solution, as it allows saving professional work and preserving quality.
Telemedicine is not a new set of practices, but recent advancements in information technology
and management – such as the introduction of big data analysis and viable artificial intelligence
techniques – have generated a debate on many operational and ethical questions. This book
explores the transformations that a widespread use of telemedicine can generate in the
relationships between the affected subjects – doctors, patients, other health professionals – and
between human and artificial agents at the dawn of Artificial Intelligence
La persona al centro dell’organizzazione
No full textThe literature on human resource management shows growing attention to the “personal” dimension of the subject-organization relationship, while the subjectivist contributions do not disregard the discussion on managerial implications. This ebook proposes a reflection on this apparent convergence. It discusses the internal criticism arising from the mainstream literature and the criticism originating from different disciplinary perspectives (organization, sociology of science, psychology of work, and labor law). Alternatives to the idea of human resources are proposed through the reflection on the goals of the processes of actions and decisions, the ontological reflection on the idea of man, and the epistemological reflection on the choices that allow overcoming the objectivism/subjectivism antinomy
A naïve Bayes classifier for planning transfusion requirements in heart surgery
No full textRationale, aims and objectives Transfusion of allogeneic blood products is a key issue in cardiac surgery. Although blood conservation and standard transfusion guidelines have been published by different medical groups, actual transfusion practices after cardiac surgery vary widely among institutions. Models can be a useful support for decision making and may reduce the total cost of care. The objective of this study was to propose and evaluate a procedure to develop a simple locally customized decision-support system. Methods We analysed 3182 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery at the University Hospital of Siena, Italy. Univariate statistical tests were performed to identify a set of preoperative and intraoperative variables as likely independent features for planning transfusion quantities. These features were utilized to design a naïve Bayes classifier. Model performance was evaluated using the leave-one-out cross-validation approach. All computations were done using spss and matlab code. Results The overall correct classification percentage was not particularly high if several classes of patients were to be identified. Model performance improved appreciably when the patient sample was divided into two classes (transfused and non-transfused patients). In this case the naïve Bayes model correctly classified about three quarters of patients with 71.2% sensitivity and 78.4% specificity, thus providing useful information for recognizing patients with transfusion requirements in the specific scenario considered. Conclusions Although the classifier is customized to a particular setting and cannot be generalized to other scenarios, the simplicity of its development and the results obtained make it a promising approach for designing a simple model for different heart surgery centres needing a customized decision-support system for planning transfusion requirements in intensive care unit
J.D. Thompson’s Organizations in Action 50th anniversary: a reflection
No full textAt the 50th anniversary of James D. Thompson’s fundamental book, Organizations in Action, TAO Digital Library proposes a reflection on this great master’s legacy and the evolution of organizational studies. Twelve researchers, from different disciplinary fields, analyze both the texts utilized for teaching and the contribution of several important journals, particularly in recent decades. The outcome is an overall picture that may stimulate different, divergent evaluations and, even more importantly, desirable, deeper reflections
Organizational choices and occupational health and safety risks prevention. An interpretation of Italian regulations
No full textThe social and economic costs of risks produced by organizations are becoming more and more evident and relevant. Enterprises are expected (and, sometimes, obliged) to become able to efficiently manage the risks they induce: industrial hazards, financial jeopardy, environmental risks, risk to safety and health in the workplace, etc.
By adopting an organizational perspective, this contribution investigates the approaches to Occupational Health and Safety risks prevention that are promoted by the law (specifically, by Italian law).
The goal of this paper is then to discuss the consistency of the norms with respect to the objectives of risks prevention and to understand their actual and potential impact on business practices
La destinazione turistica: dilemmi interpretativi e conseguenze organizzative
No full textLa destinazione turistica rappresenta l’unità di analisi fondamentale nello studio delle scelte di gestione e organizzazione dei sistemi turistici. Questo contributo spiega come l’adozione di differenti prospettive interpretative al concetto di destinazione turistica conduca a scelte di governance, configurazioni organizzative e a implicazioni manageriali profondamente diverse
L'impresa virtuale. Teoria e Pratica
No full textLa globalizzazione dei mercati e la crescente diffusione di strumenti avanzati di trattamento delle informazioni e di gestione delle comunicazioni promettono di alterare equilibri consolidati e di generare un’evoluzione sostanziale nei metodi e nelle tecniche di cooperazione tra le imprese.
Fra le nuove configurazioni cooperative proposte in letteratura, emerge con particolare enfasi l’impresa virtuale, ossia una rete temporanea di imprese medio-piccole che si collegano, adottando evoluti sistemi di gestione dell’informazione e della comunicazione, e operano in modo integrato per lo sfruttamento di una specifica opportunità di business.
Il volume presenta una estesa analisi della letteratura e propone per il fenomeno dell’impresa virtuale una interpretazione innovativa che considera come elemento centrale di analisi il processo di regolazione diretto a coordinare l’azione cooperativa. Sono inoltre investigate le problematiche dell’integrazione dei dati a livello inter-aziendale, della gestione dei processi di lavoro distribuiti, e dell’elaborazione delle configurazioni formali, anche con esempi tratti da casi reali
- …
