316 research outputs found
Studi Eksperimen Sistem Pendingin Menggunakan Es Kering Dalam Tabung Tembaga Pada Palka Ikan
No full textUntuk mengatasi kendala yang dihadapi nelayan sewaktu melaut, yakni berat beban karena membawa es balok tidak bisa dikesampingkan, karena berpengaruh pada bahan bakar yang dibutuhkan kapal maka diperlukan eksperimen menggunakan es kering yang diletakkan dalam tabung tembaga yang melekat pada tiap ujung - ujung tiap palka yang mana dalam palka diberi air laut. Dalam Tugas Akhir ini, penulis mencoba melakukan eksperimen dengan menggunakan es balok dengan air taut dan eksperimen dengan menggunakan es kering dalam 4 tabung tembaga dan 8 tabung tembaga diletakkan pada ujung palka yang dalam palka tersebutjuga terdapat air taut sehingga mendapatkan temperatur konstan dengan waktu yang lama serta dapat mengetahui waktu yang diperlukan es balok dan es kering dalam tabung tembaga untuk mendapatkan temperatur yang hamper pendinginan yang paling baik adalah menggunakan es kering dalam 8 tabung tembaga dengan waktu pendinginan yang lama walau dari segi analisa ekonomi lebih tinggi tapi dapat menghasilkan ikan yang lebih segar daripada eksperimen menggunakan media pendingin yang lain
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To overcome the obstacles faced by fishermen when going to sea, namely that the weight of carrying ice blocks cannot be ruled out, because it affects the fuel needed by the ship, an experiment using dry ice placed in a copper tube attached to each end of each hatch is needed. in the hold was given sea water. In this final assignment, the author tries to carry out experiments using block ice with sea water and experiments using dry ice in 4 copper tubes and 8 copper tubes placed at the end of the hatch where there is also sea water in the hatch so that it gets a constant temperature for a long time and can find out the time needed for ice cubes and dry ice in copper tubes to get almost the best cooling temperature is to use dry ice in 8 copper tubes with a long cooling time, although from an economic analysis point of view it is higher but can produce fish that is fresher than experiments using other cooling medi
Synthesis of trifluoromethyl-substituted pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridines - Sequential versus multicomponent reaction approach
No full textA straightforward synthesis of 6-substituted 1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridines and the corresponding 5-oxides is presented. Hence, microwave-assisted treatment of 5-chloro-1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazole-4-carbaldehyde with various terminal alkynes in the presence of tert-butylamine under Sonogashira-type cross-coupling conditions affords the former title compounds in a one-pot multicomponent procedure. Oximes derived from (intermediate) 5-alkynyl-1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes were transformed into the corresponding 1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine 5-oxides by silver triflate-catalyzed cyclization. Detailed NMR spectroscopic investigations (H-1, C-13, N-15 and F-19) were undertaken with all obtained products
Synthese von 3-Trifluoromethylpyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridinen
No full textDie vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Herstellung von 6-substituierten 1-Phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridinen. Dabei werden zwei verschiedene Synthesewege miteinander verglichen. Zum einen kommt eine sequentielle Synthese in zwei Schritten zur Anwendung, zum anderen eine Multikomponentenreaktion. Des Weiteren wurden die den 6-substituierten 1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridinen zugehörigen 5-Oxide aus den zuvor gebildeten Oximen hergestellt. Alle Verbindungen wurden mit Hilfe spektroskopischer Methoden (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 15N-NMR, MS und hrMS) charakterisiert und somit ihre Identität und Reinheit bestätigt
Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay for simultaneous detection of Parkinson's disease gene rearrangements
No full textParkinson's disease (PD) is a common disorder caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and other brain areas. Mutations in several genes have been associated with both autosomal dominant PD and recessive early onset Parkinsonism (EOP). Genomic rearrangements such as deletions or multiplications of one or more exons represent a common mutational mechanism for most of these genes and are not detectable with routine mutation screening techniques. MLPA (Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification), is a cheap, simple, rapid, and sensitive tool to detect exon dosage alterations and specific point mutations in selected genes. We tested the recently developed PD-MLPA assay by using 13 positive control samples carrying known mutations in SNCA, LRRK2, Parkin, PINK1, and DJ-1 genes. We then applied this technique to screen 16 EOP patients who were then cross-tested by quantitative PCR (qPCR). All the mutations present in the positive control samples were clearly detected by MLPA. Moreover, three novel Parkin rearrangements were identified among EOP patients and confirmed by qPCR. Only two samples generated false positive duplications of LRRK2 exon 1 and UCH-L1 exon 9, respectively. These results show that PD-MLPA assay can simultaneously and effectively detect rearrangements in most PD genes (SNCA, Parkin, PINK1, and DJ-1) as well as the LRRK2 G2019S common mutation. Thus, the use of this novel platform can improve the analysis of such mutations, facilitating comprehensive genetic testing in PD and EOP. (c) 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Redefining 'property' in the digital era : when online, do as the Romans did
No full textThrough its conceptual framework, private law assumes a particular structure of the reality it aims to govern. With the digital revolution the structure of this reality has transformed. Law does not have terms and concepts to make sense out of it. This leads scholars and judges dealing with the new reality to confusion and inoperable conclusions. Law needs new concepts, but lawyers have neither a method nor the tools to create them. Firstly, the author proposes a method of internalizing new types of objects of 'property' into private law discourses. This method consists of three steps: terminological clear-up; 'mode of existence' lenses; and 'conditions-for-enforcement-backwards' analysis. The author presents and tests the method on two examples: personal data and 'virtual property'. Secondly, the author suggests a new categorization of objects of private law relations, including the new types of assets currently controlled and traded by legal subjects, abandoning material/immaterial distinction, and replacing it with a triad of res corporales, digitales and incorporales. Further, the importance of the distinction between objects ‘as such’ and their carriers is underlined. Finally, the author distinguishes between objects with primary and secondary mode of existence – the latter needing third party's action to be sustained, a positive obligation in the negative dimension of a potential property right – a complete novum for the private law ordering
Virtual property : towards a general theory
No full textDefence date: 20 December 2017Examining Board: Professor Giovanni Sartor, European University Institute (Supervisor); Professor Hans-Wolfgang Micklitz, European University Institute; Professor Roger Brownsword, King’s College London; Professor Bartosz Brożek, Jagiellonian UniversityThe primary contribution of the thesis is a theory enhancing the legal understanding of the phenomenon of virtual property, encompassing presentation of data and a new conceptual framework to interpret it. The author argues that the normative debates concerning the phenomenon have underestimated the importance of understanding and conceptualizing it first, and aims at amending this gap. The ‘virtual property phenomenon’ refers to the users of internet platforms and online computer games ‘possessing’ virtual items – digital objects that exist within these services – and getting into economic and social relations concerning these items, with other users, service providers and third parties. These relations are regulated by different types of service-specific rules – contractual and the ‘code’ – created unilaterally by the service providers, who additionally retain the ability to interpret and enforce them, using ‘digital force’, i.e. by modifying and deleting virtual items, and blocking users’ accounts. The primary challenge stems not from the fact that the phenomenon is not regulated, but from the fact that lawyers lack words – terms and concepts – to even conduct a meaningful debate about it, or how to respond to it. The thesis consists of six chapters. Firstly, the author describes the phenomenon and analyzes the theoretical and regulatory legal challenges posed by its emergence. Secondly, he critically assesses the state of the art. Thirdly, a methodology to address these challenges is proposed, which can also be used in other research projects concerning law and technology. Fourthly, the author explains how the process of digitalization has fundamentally challenged the assumptions that private law held about the structure of reality, and proposes new doctrinal tools to conceptualize it. Fifthly, the author presents a legally useful concept of virtual items, and argues that granting users property rights over them might not be the optimal means of realizing the property goals. Finally, the author proposes a normative solution, a correction of private law, responding to the new type of inequality in relations, namely a user protection law.Chapters 3.2.2. 'The formation of legal concepts : organic and manual acquiring of meaning'; 4.2.1. 'Objects'; 5.1.2. 'The three step-method : particularization of the Idea by the features of an object'; and 5.2.3. 'The method applied' of the thesis draws upon an earlier version published as an EUI Working Paper 2016/08 'Redefining 'property' in the digital era : when online, do as the Romans did
Proteoglycans in the corneal stroma and their role in development and pathology
No full textTransmission electron microscopy of a human cornea with excess chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate glycosaminoglycan showed that changes in proteoglycan structure, content and sulphation lead to the formation of abnormally large collagen fibrils. The lack of sulphation of keratin sulphate in MCD also led to abnormally large fibrils, which are present in the deep stromal layers. These findings suggest overlapping roles of the two proteoglycan populations in the corneal stroma with possible feedback mechanisms, too. Taken together, the findings of this thesis indicate the central role played by proteoglycan-collagen interactions in the development and maintenance of properly formed corneal stroma.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Proteoglycans in the corneal stroma and their role in development and pathology
No full textTransmission electron microscopy of a human cornea with excess chondroitin sulphate/dermatan sulphate glycosaminoglycan showed that changes in proteoglycan structure, content and sulphation lead to the formation of abnormally large collagen fibrils. The lack of sulphation of keratin sulphate in MCD also led to abnormally large fibrils, which are present in the deep stromal layers. These findings suggest overlapping roles of the two proteoglycan populations in the corneal stroma with possible feedback mechanisms, too. Taken together, the findings of this thesis indicate the central role played by proteoglycan-collagen interactions in the development and maintenance of properly formed corneal stroma
European Language Portfolio and Its Part in Future Specialist’s Professional Becoming
No full textThe author considers the main components of the European Language Portfolio and examines its part in the future specialist’s becoming
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