3,383 research outputs found
Introduction by Manuela Gieri
No full textIn the introduction to the volume, the author outlines the development of Italian cinema from its early days to the present
Ernährungssicherheit und Pestizidreduktion : Analyse und Optionen
No full textManuela Bürgler, Barbara Färber-Hallama, Andreas Heissenberger, Elisabeth Schwaiger, Katrin Sed
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Ozone Therapy: Present Knowledge and Prospective Applications
No full textAs a complementary, adjuvant or palliative cure, ozone therapy has increasingly been used globally on a wide variety of diseases [...
Effect of physical exercise on the ultrastructural features of skeletal muscle mitochondria in old mice.
No full textSarcopenia is an age-related decline of muscle mass, strength and quality which represents a potent risk factor for frailty, loss of independence and physical disability in elderly. The mechanisms leading to sarcopenia are still largely unknown and no specific therapy is presently available to counteract its onset or progress. Several studies have stressed the importance of physical exercise as an effective approach to prevent/limit the sarcopenic process. In the present work we have investigated at transmission electron microscopy the effects of treadmill running on the mitochondrial structure in aged skeletal muscle by comparing exercised versus sedentary old (28 months) mice, and using adult (12 months) individuals as control. Our observations demonstrated that ageing induces an accumulation of mitochondria characterised by larger size and longer cristae than in adulthood, and by a frequent association with lipid droplets. The mitochondrial alterations are partially reversed in old mice after treadmill running, thus providing further evidence that an adapted physical exercise may represent a suitable non-pharmacologic approach to limit the negative effects of ageing on the skeletal muscle, even when applied at late age
Aging in the Skeletal Muscle Revealed by Molecular Immunohistochemical Imaging
No full textThe skeletal muscle is a complex organ mainly composed of multinucleated fibres responsible for contractile activity, but it also contains postnatal myogenic stem cells (i.e., satellite cells), connective cells and nervous cells. The skeletal muscle is severely affected by aging, undergoing a progressive reduction in muscle mass, strength and endurance in a condition known as sarcopenia. The mechanisms underlying sarcopenia still need to be completely clarified, but they are undoubtedly multifactorial, involving all cell types constituting the skeletal muscle. Immunohistochemistry has widely been used to investigate skeletal muscle aging, identifying age-related molecular alterations in the various myofibre components, as well as in the satellite cells and peri-fibre environment. The wide range of immunohistochemical data reported in this review is proof of the primary role played by this long-established, yet modern, technique. Its high specificity for the molecules of interest, and the possibility of imaging and quantifying the signal in the real histological or cytological sites where these molecules are located and active, makes immunohistochemistry a unique and irreplaceable tool among the laboratory techniques in biomedicine
Molecular and structural alterations of skeletal muscle tissue nuclei during aging
No full textAging is accompanied by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are certainly multifactorial and still remain to be fully elucidated. Changes in the cell nucleus structure and function have been considered among the possible contributing causes. This review offers an overview of the current knowledge on skeletal muscle nuclei in aging, focusing on the impairment of nuclear pathways potentially involved in age-related muscle decline. In skeletal muscle two types of cells are present: fiber cells, constituting the contractile muscle mass and containing hundreds of myonuclei, and the satellite cells, i.e., the myogenic mononuclear stem cells occurring at the periphery of the fibers and responsible for muscle growth and repair. Research conducted on different experimental models and with different methodological approaches demonstrated that both the myonuclei and satellite cell nuclei of aged skeletal muscles undergo several structural and molecular alterations, affecting chromatin organization, gene expression, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional activities. These alterations play a key role in the impairment of muscle fiber homeostasis and regeneration, thus contributing to the age-related decrease in skeletal muscle mass and function
Capture The Flag: un nuovo approccio all’apprendimento della Cybersecurity
No full textNell’ambito della Cybersecurity si propone un approccio per l’insegnamento dell’Informatica che, sfruttando i principi della gamification, porta gli studenti ad applicare le proprie conoscenze ed abilità nell’affrontare sfide (challenge) inerenti vulnerabilità di vario tipo, sotto forma di gioco in uno spazio virtuale. Scopo del gioco sarà trovare una informazione nascosta, una parola detta bandierina (o “flag”), che lo studente dovrà catturare. Tale approccio è pensato per la Scuola Secondaria di II Grado, in particolare per un Istituto Tecnico con indirizzo “Informatica e Telecomunicazioni” all’interno dell’insegnamento di “Sistemi e Reti”. In ogni caso la flessibilità della struttura del percorso permette di rimodularlo ed adattarlo a tanti altri contesti formativi
Satellite cells in skeletal muscle of the hibernating dormouse, a natural model of quiescence and re-activation: focus on the cell nucleus
No full textSatellite cells (SCs) participate in skeletal muscle plasticity/regeneration. Activation of SCs implies that nuclear changes underpin a new functional status. In hibernating mammals, periods of reduced metabolic activity alternate with arousals and resumption of bodily functions, thereby leading to repeated cell deactivation and reactivation. In hibernation, muscle fibers are preserved despite long periods of immobilization. The structural and functional characteristics of SC nuclei during hibernation have not been investigated yet. Using ultrastructural and immunocytochemical analysis, we found that the SCs of the hibernating edible dormouse, Glis glis, did not show apoptosis or necrosis. Moreover, their nuclei were typical of quiescent cells, showing similar amounts and distributions of heterochromatin, pre-mRNA transcription and processing factors, as well as paired box protein 7 (Pax7) and the myogenic differentiation transcription factor D (MyoD), as in euthermia. However, the finding of accumulated perichromatin granules (i.e., sites of storage/transport of spliced pre-mRNA) in SC nuclei of hibernating dormice suggested slowing down of the nucleus-to-cytoplasm transport. We conclude that during hibernation, SC nuclei maintain similar transcription and splicing activity as in euthermia, indicating an unmodified status during immobilization and hypometabolism. Skeletal muscle preservation during hibernation is presumably not due to SC activation, but rather to the maintenance of some functional activity in myofibers that is able to counteract muscle wasting
Lavoro accademico al tempo della pandemia
No full textIl capitolo illustra alcuni risultati tratti dalla ricerca Prin GEndering Academia (GEA) relativi alle esperienze di lavoro da casa in pandemia di accademici e accademiche sia nelle posizioni iniziali che più avanzate della carriera accademica
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