557 research outputs found
A tri-modality x-ray fluorescence, x-ray luminescence, x-ray transmission computed tomography imaging platform for monitoring and stimulating metal-containing nanoparticles
No full textX-ray-activated photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) techniques have gained traction for its potential to impart therapeutic effects at greater depths than possible with traditional photodynamic therapy [1], [2]. Interestingly, the underlying X-PDT process could also generate X-ray fluorescence (XF) with metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) and X-ray luminescence (XL), which could be used to monitor the delivery of PDT agents and the subsequent therapeutic process. This allows the possibility of using X-ray fluorescence (XFCT) and X-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT) to monitor the therapeutic delivery during radiation therapy. X-ray Raleigh scattering (XRS) produced by the scattered monochromatic incident X-ray can also be correlated with the data from XFCT/XLCT while X-ray transmission CT (XT CT) could provide structural information.
This work demonstrates a proof-of-concept of a XF-XL -XT CT imaging platform that allows for quantitative imaging of the X-ray PDT delivery process through complementary contrast mechanisms, and demonstrates this platform’s ability to image X-PDT nanophosphors, such as Y2O3:Eu3+. This work also attempts to address the limitations of the system—sensitivity, acquisition time, and dosage—by examining how incoming X-ray irradiation schemes affect the X-ray fluorescent and X-ray luminescent yields as well as overall X-ray fluorescent image quality. Results show that choosing an optimized incident X-ray spectrum can maximize fluorescent and luminescent yields as well as improve image quality. This in conjunction with improvements in geometric efficiency through a multi-slit ring of detectors has the potential to bring the multi-modality system into a preclinical setting.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2020-05-01The student, Jonathan George, accepted the attached license on 2017-12-20 at 10:01.The student, Jonathan George, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2017-12-20 at 10:17.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2017-12-21 at 14:53.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11999 on 2018-08-31 at 17:16:32Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:33:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 10
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Previous issue date: 2017-12-21Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107190
Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:34:13Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107190
Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:37:00Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107190
Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:42:08Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 107190 on 2020-09-05T09:15:26Z
Taboo probabilities in Markov chains with a discrete parameter and a stationary transition matrix
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to present some theorems and properties of taboo probabilities in discrete parameter Markov chains in the natural order of their development. It is then anticipated that additional properties of Markov chains in general might come forth as a consequence of the tools presented here. However, it will be left to others to make specific physical applications. Kai Lai Chung is the most noted authority in this area. The author is indebted to Chung for the material gleaned from his Markov Chains with Stationary Transition Probabilities. The author wishes to express his gratitude to Dr. George W. Batten, Junior, for going far beyond the extent of his duties in giving assistance and advice.Mathematics, Department o
Card from Kintaro Kitahara to Mitzi Naohara, December 1943
No full textAn invitation card to the wedding ceremony for Tayeko Kitahata and Sgt. Ray Kikumi Umade held at Third Christian Church Chapel 1 in the Poston camp in Arizona at 7:00 on Tuesday December 14, 1943. The caption reads: Tykies wedding announcement. An item from: Mitzi Naohara scrapbook (csudh_nao_0400), page 6.The George and Mitzi Naohara Papers consists of photo albums and scrapbooks compiled by George and Mitzi Naohara, and other documents pertaining to the Naohara and Masukawa family. Contained are photographs, correspondence, documents, and memorabilia depicting their experiences during World War II. George Nobuo Naohara is a Kibei Nisei, and his experiences include his farm labor in Idaho and Utah, incarceration in the Manzanar, Jerome, and Tule Lake camps, and the U.S. Army language school training and Korean War. He also engaged in Buddhist activities for his whole life and there are moving images depicting Gardena Buddhist Church activities after the war. Mitzi Masukawa Naohara was a preschool teacher at the Poston camp, Arizona, and also a member of a young Nisei women's club, "Sigma Debs.” Her collected materials depict her life as a teacher and social events in the Poston camp during the war
Search for High-Energy Neutrino Emission from Galactic X-Ray Binaries with IceCube
No full textWe present the first comprehensive search for high-energy neutrino emission from high- and low-mass X-ray binaries conducted by IceCube. Galactic X-ray binaries are long-standing candidates for the source of Galactic hadronic cosmic rays and neutrinos. The compact object in these systems can be the site of cosmic-ray acceleration, and neutrinos can be produced by interactions of cosmic rays with radiation or gas, in the jet of a microquasar, in the stellar wind, or in the atmosphere of the companion star. We study X-ray binaries using 7.5 yr of IceCube data with three separate analyses. In the first, we search for periodic neutrino emission from 55 binaries in the Northern Sky with known orbital periods. In the second, the X-ray light curves of 102 binaries across the entire sky are used as templates to search for time-dependent neutrino emission. Finally, we search for timeintegrated emission of neutrinos for a list of 4 notable binaries identified as microquasars. In the absence of a significant excess, we place upper limits on the neutrino flux for each hypothesis and compare our results with theoretical predictions for several binaries. In addition, we evaluate the sensitivity of the next generation neutrino telescope at the South Pole, IceCube-Gen2, and demonstrate its power to identify potential neutrino emission from these binary sources in the Galaxy
Ray P. Holland to Horace Kephart, December 31, 1928
No full textIn a letter to Horace Kephart on December 21, 1928, Ray P. Holland, Editor of “Field & Stream” writes to tell Kephart that his article “Afoot and Awing in the Great Smokies” was chosen as one of the ten best stories of the month by a committee of judges of the Franklin Square Agency.RAY P. HOLLAND
EDITOR
ELTINGE F. WARNER
PUBLISHER
578 Madison Avenue
at fifty-seventh street
New York City
Field & Stream's
CONSERVATION
COUNCIL
D. R. ANTHONY, JR.
Congressman; joint Introducer of the Game Refuge Bill.
HORACE M.ALBRIGHT
Superintendent of Yellowstone National Park.
BROOKE ANDERSON
Member of the Federal
Advisory Board of the
Migratory Bird Treaty
Act.
J. B. HARKIN
Commissioner of the
Canadian National Parks.
GEORGE A. LAWYER
Former Chief United
States Game Warden.
WM. B. MERSHON
Sportsman — Author —
Conservationist.
E. W. NELSON
Ex-Chief of the U. S.
Biological Survey.
HARRY S. NEW
U. S. Postmaster General;
joint Introducer of the
Game Refuge Bill in the
United States. Senate.
T. GILBERT PEARSON
President of the National
Association of Audubon
Societies.
THEO. ROOSEVELT
First Executive Chairman
of the National Conference on Outdoor Recreation.
December 31, 1928
Mr. Horace Kephart,
Bryson City, N. C.
Dear Mr. Kephart:
I thought you would be interested
in knowing that your story "Afoot and Awing in
the Great Smokies", published in the January
issue, was chosen by a committee of judges of
the Franklin Square Agency, which is owned by
Harper Brothers, as one of the ten best stories
of the month.
With the best of the holiday greetings,
I am
Sincerely yours,
RPHsFTC
Edito
The invisible artist: Arrangers in popular music (1950-2000): Their contribution and techniques
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University.This thesis is based on the research conducted by the author for the series,
Richard Niles' History of Pop Arranging, seven thirty-minute documentary
programmes for BBC Radio 2, researched, written and presented by the author and
broadcast in 2003. It also draws on interviews conducted by the author (and other
research) between 2002 and 2007 both for the radio series and for this thesis and on
the author's experience as a professional arranger in popular music working with
many of the genre's significant recording artists including Paul McCartney, Ray
Charles, Cher, Tina Turner, Westlife, Tears For Fears, Dusty Springfield, James
Brown, Pet Shop Boys, Kylie Minogue and producers including Trevor Hom, Steve
Lipson, Steve Mac and Steve Anderson.
It will be argued that the role of the arranger in popular music has often been
undervalued and that during a critical period of popular music history (1950-2000)
arrangers played a significant part in the evolution of musical content. This thesis is,
to the best of the author's knowledge, the first time (apart from the above mentioned
documentary) the subject has ever been examined. The arranger is "invisible" because musical arrangers are often un-credited on
record liner notes or in books or articles concerning popular music. A considerable
amount of research has been necessary to determine who wrote many of the
arrangements considered herein. Motown's Berry Gordy purposely kept the names of
musicians and arrangers off the records because he feared others might 'poach' the
trademark 'Motown Sound'. Other record labels considered the job of the arranger to
be reminiscent of an earlier era, diluting the Rock 'n' Roll image of emotion and
spontanaeity they wished to promote. Some producers and recording artists disliked
sharing credit for their work. Motown arranger David Van dePitte told the author that
arranging was "thankless and anonymous - a very service-oriented profession where
others often take credit for what you've done." Arranging has therefore remained an
intrinsically unseen art created by 'invisible' artists. By analyzing many recordings,
revealing the techniques and concepts they have used in their work to create popular
records, arrangers and their art will be made more 'visible'
The role of iron in neurodegenerative disorders : insights and opportunities with synchrotron light
No full textThere is evidence for iron dysregulation in many forms of disease, including a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders. In order to advance our understanding of the pathophysiological role of iron, it is helpful to be able to determine in detail the distribution of iron as it relates to metabolites, proteins, cells, and tissues, the chemical state and local environment of iron, and its relationship with other metal elements. Synchrotron light sources, providing primarily X-ray beams accompanied by access to longer wavelengths such as infra-red, are an outstanding tool for multi-modal non-destructive analysis of iron in these systems. The micro- and nano-focused X-ray beams that are generated at synchrotron facilities enable measurement of iron and other transition metal elements to be performed with outstanding analytic sensitivity and specificity. Recent developments have increased the scope for methods such as X-ray fluorescence mapping to be used quantitatively rather than semi-quantitatively. Burgeoning interest, coupled with technical advances and beamline development at synchrotron facilities, has led to substantial improvements in resources and methodologies in the field over the past decade. In this paper we will consider how the field has evolved with regard to the study of iron in proteins, cells, and brain tissue, and identify challenges in sample preparation and analysis. Selected examples will be used to illustrate the contribution, and future potential, of synchrotron X-ray analysis for the characterization of iron in model systems exhibiting iron dysregulation, and for human cases of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Friedreich’s ataxia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Innovation and Long-Term Economic Growth
No full textThis Collaborative Paper is a revised version of a contribution made by George F. Ray to a Task Force Meeting on "Innovation and Industrial Strategy". The author gives a historical overview of the impact of innovations on economic growth, pointing out the development chains arising from breakthroughs in certain areas. His philosophy can be illustrated by his statement: "The single pistol shot at Sarajevo was not the unique reason for the outbreak of the Great War in 1914, nor was Waft's perfection of the primitive steam engine the unique cause of an economic upswing." The economic mechanism of long waves cannot be described in a one-dimensional way indeed. George F. Ray presents also an hypothesis on the content of a future upswing of world economy, including in it energy, food, environment and social institutions. In his opinion the microprocessor is only an important tool for technological changes in various fields. It is like a chameleon, it takes on the character of whatever program has been fed to it
Diffuse X-ray scattering from tropomyosin crystals
No full textMotions in proteins are often an important part of their function. Structural information about the protein is hence incomplete without an understanding of the protein dynamics. X-ray crystallography is the technique used in the majority of protein structure determinations; from a crystallographic standpoint as well, the movement of the molecules in the crystal which profoundly affect the X-ray scattering are important. All motions in the crystal affect the Bragg scattering and also give rise to diffuse scattering between and surrounding the Bragg spots. The diffuse X-ray scattering may comprise a large part of the total scattering from the crystal, and it contains information about the correlation of motions that is not available from analysis of the Bragg diffraction peaks.Tropomyosin is a muscle protein that is involved in control of the muscle contraction process. Changes in the structural conformation of the protein are an essential part of this process. Tropomyosin crystals exhibit striking diffuse scattering patterns which are related to its inherent flexibility and motions in the crystal. Diffuse scattering data along all the major directions of the crystal have been measured. A complete three-dimensional diffuse scattering data set has been simulated, and this has been compared to the experimental data in the measured directions. A combination of empirical and analytical methods were used to perform the simulations, and the amplitudes, directions and correlation distances of the motions within the crystal have been calculated.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:26:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Femtosecond X-ray Nanocrystallography of Membrane Proteins
No full textabstract: Membrane proteins are very important for all living cells, being involved in respiration, photosynthesis, cellular uptake and signal transduction, amongst other vital functions. However, less than 300 unique membrane protein structures have been determined to date, often due to difficulties associated with the growth of sufficiently large and well-ordered crystals. This work has been focused on showing the first proof of concept for using membrane protein nanocrystals and microcrystals for high-resolution structure determination. Upon determining that crystals of the membrane protein Photosystem I, which is the largest and most complex membrane protein crystallized to date, exist with only a hundred unit cells with sizes of less than 200 nm on an edge, work was done to develop a technique that could exploit the growth of the Photosystem I nanocrystals and microcrystals. Femtosecond X-ray protein nanocrystallography was developed for use at the first high-energy X-ray free electron laser, the LCLS at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, in which a liquid jet would bring fully hydrated Photosystem I nanocrystals into the interaction region of the pulsed X-ray source. Diffraction patterns were recorded from millions of individual PSI nanocrystals and data from thousands of different, randomly oriented crystallites were integrated using Monte Carlo integration of the peak intensities. The short pulses ( 70 fs) provided by the LCLS allowed the possibility to collect the diffraction data before the onset of radiation damage, exploiting the diffract-before-destroy principle. At the initial experiments at the AMO beamline using 6.9- Å wavelength, Bragg peaks were recorded to 8.5- Å resolution, and an electron-density map was determined that did not show any effects of X-ray-induced radiation damage. Recently, femtosecond X-ray protein nanocrystallography experiments were done at the CXI beamline of the LCLS using 1.3- Å wavelength, and Bragg reflections were recorded to 3- Å resolution; the data are currently being processed. Many additional techniques still need to be developed to explore the femtosecond nanocrystallography technique for experimental phasing and time-resolved X-ray crystallography experiments. The first proof-of-principle results for the femtosecond nanocrystallography technique indicate the incredible potential of the technique to offer a new route to the structure determination of membrane proteins.Dissertation/ThesisPh.D. Chemistry 201
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