1,721,019 research outputs found
Adaptable AES implementation with power-gating support
No full textIn this paper, we propose a reconfigurable design of the Ad-vanced Encryption Standard capable of adapting at run-Time to the requirements of the target application. Reconfiguration is achieved by activating only a specific subset of all the instantiated processing elements. Further, we explore the effectiveness of power gating and clock gating methodologies to minimize the energy consumption of the processing elements not involved in computation
Conditional differential cryptanalysis of 105 round Grain v1
Full text linkIn this paper we propose conditional differential cryptanalysis of 105 round Grain v1. This improves the attack proposed on 97 round Grain v1 by Knellwolf et al at Asiacrypt 2010. We take the help of the tool ΔGrain KSA, to track the differential trails introduced in the internal state of Grain v1 by any difference in the IV bits. We prove that a suitably introduced difference in the IV leads to a distinguisher for the output bit produced in the 105th round. This helps determine the values of 6 expressions in the Secret Key bits. Using the above attack as a subroutine, we propose a method that determines 9 Secret Key bits explicitly. Thus, the complexity for the Key recovery is proportional to 271 operations, which is faster than exhaustive search by 29
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Some Studies on Selected Stream Ciphers Analysis Fault Attack & Related Results.
No full textStream Ciphers are important Symmetric Cryptological primitives, built for the purpose of providing secure message encryption. As no formal security proofs exist, our confidence in these algorithms is largely based on the fact that intense cryptanalysis has been carried out over several years without revealing any weakness. This thesis makes some independent contributions to the cryptanalysis of a selection of stream ciphers.In this thesis, we take a closer look at two stream ciphers viz. RC4+ designed by Maitra et al. at Indocrypt 2008 and GGHN designed by Gong et al. at CISC 2005. Both these ciphers were designed as viable alternatives to the RC4 stream cipher. It is shown that a distinguishing attack requiring around 227 keystream bytes can be mounted on RC4+. Also, a differential fault attack on RC4+ requiring 216 faults is presented. Thereafter, two cryptanalytic results are presented against the GGHN stream cipher. First, it is shown that numerous short cycles occur during the keystream generation phase of the cipher. Secondly, it is shown that a randomized variant of this cipher is expected to reach the all zero state in just around 2147 iterations, after which the cipher only produces the zero keystream byte at every iteration.The Grain family of stream ciphers (Grain v1, Grain-128 and Grain-128a) designed by ˚Agren, Hell, Johansson, Maximov and Meier are a prominent family of stream ciphers especially since Grain v1 is included in the hardware portfolio of eStream. We first outline probabilistic methods that compute Key-IV pairs in the Grain family that can generate key-streams which are either almost similar in the initial segment, or exact shifts (the value of the shift being 2lp , where lp is the length of the pad in bits used in the design of Grain) of each other throughout the generation of the stream. We then investigate the possibility of obtaining related Key-IV pairs that produce shifted keystream bits with smaller shifts. In a work by De Canni`ere et. al. at Africacrypt 2008, a method for finding related Key-IV pairs that produced i-bit shifted keystream (for Grain v1 and Grain-128) was proposed that required 4i random trials. The method mainly took advantage of the fact that in both Grain v1 and Grain 128, the symmetric all 1 constant was used as the pad. We propose a new algorithm that improves the complexity to 2i random trials. Furthermore, in the above work, it was observed that devising such a method for Grain-128a was not possible as the pad used in this cipher was asymmetric. However, we present a different technique to find related Key-IV pairs that produce 32-bit shifted keystream bits for Grain-128a in around 232 random trials. We also present another method that finds related Key-IV pairs that produces shifted keystream bits for shifts lesser than 32. The second method produces -bit shifted keystreams (for 0 \u3c 32) using 2 32 1−2−random trials.Thereafter, we describe a set of three differential fault attacks on the Grain family, each of which is mounted under different experimental setups in which the attacker is granted varying degrees of freedom. The first attack assumes that the attacker can synchronize the timing of fault injection with a given stage of the cipher operation
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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