166,083 research outputs found
Statistical analysis of first-order bang-bang phase-locked loops using sign-dependent random-walk theory
No full textBang-bang phase-locked loops (BBPLLs) are inherently nonlinear due to the hard nonlinearity introduced by the binary phase detector (BPD). This paper provides an exact
statistical analysis of the steady-state timing jitter in a first order BBPLL when the reference clock is subject to accumulative
jitter. By elaborating on the analogy of viewing a first-order BBPLL as a single-integration delta modulator (DM) in the
phase domain, we are able to relate hunting jitter and slew-rate limiting in a BBPLL to granular noise and slope overload in a DM. The stochastic timing-jitter behavior is modeled as a sign-dependent random walk, for which we obtain the asymptotic characteristic function and analytical expressions for the first four cumulants. These expressions are applied to the BBPLL to
statistically analyze the static timing offset and the RMS timing jitter, including the effect of a frequency offset. The analysis shows that the RMS timing jitter is constant for small RMS clock jitter and grows quadratically with large RMS clock jitter, and that there exists an optimal bang-bang phase step for minimum RMS timing jitter. Computing the kurtosis reveals the effect of the BPD nonlinearity: the timing jitter is largely non-Gaussian.Science Foundation Irelandke, ab, li - TS 17.04.1
Binary phase detector gain in bang-bang phase-locked loops with DCO jitter
No full textBang-bang phase-locked loops (BBPLLs) are hard nonlinear systems due to the nonlinearity introduced by the binary phase detector (BPD). In the presence of jitter, the nonlinear loop is typically analyzed by linearizing the BPD and applying linear transfer functions in the analysis. In contrast to a linear PD, the linearized gain of a BPD depends on the rms jitter and the type of jitter (either non-accumulative
or accumulative). Previous works considered the case of nonaccumulative reference clock jitter and showed that the BPD gain is inversely proportional to the rms jitter when the latter is small or large. In this brief we consider the case of accumulative
DCO jitter and derive an asymptotic closed-form expression for the BPD gain which becomes exact in the limit of small and large
jitter. Contrary to the reference clock jitter case, the BPD gain is constant for small DCO jitter and is inversely proportional to the square of jitter for large DCO jitter; in the latter case, the
timing jitter has a normal-Laplace distribution.Science Foundation Irelandti, ke, ab, li - TS 10.04.1
Output-jitter performance of second-order digital bang-bang phase-locked loops with nonaccumulative reference clock jitter
No full textBang-bang phase-locked loops (BBPLLs) are inherently nonlinear systems due to the binary phase detector (BPD). While they are typically used for clock and data recovery, the ongoing trend toward digital loop implementations has resulted in several digital BBPLLs (DBBPLLs) suitable for frequency synthesis. This brief investigates the effect of nonaccumulative reference clock jitter (due to white phase noise) in second-order DBBPLLs, comparing the output jitter with that of first-order DBBPLLs. For small clock jitter, the nonlinear loop behavior is modeled as a two-dimensional Markov chain, and the output jitter is smaller than but close to that of a first order loop. For large clock jitter, the BPD nonlinearity is linearized, and the output jitter is larger than that of a first order loop; it is proportional to clock jitter and inversely proportional to the square root of the stability factor—the ratio of the proportional path gain to the integral-path gain of the digital loop filter.Science Foundation Irelandti, ke, ab, li - TS 18.04.1
The Bang Straws
No full textThe Bang Straws is an aesthetically invigorating reworking of the casting process of Sidney Franklin’s The Good Earth (1937) a film notorious for a white actor’s racist portrayal of a Chinese character. German-American actress Luise Rainer won the high-profile lead of O-Lan, the farmer's wife. To play O-Lan, Rainer wore racist “yellowface”, as so many 20th Century Hollywood and British actors did.
Despite Chinese-American actress Anna May Wong's talent and evident desire to play O-Lan, MGM refused her the lead due to the anti-miscegenation Hays Code, offering her the minor role of sex worker Lotus instead, which she refused. The Bang Straws re-casts O-Lan with a Chinese actor and reconstructs The Good Earth’s innovative Special Effects.
The film World Premiered at 65th BFI London Film Festival, October 2021 (receiving a special jury commendation for the Short Film Award), Aesthetica Short Film Festival, York November 2021, where it won Best Experimental Short Film, it was also nominated for the Shirt Film Award at the 25th Internationale Kurzfilmtage, Winterthur, Switzerland, and is in competition for the London Short Film Festival, January 2022 (All BAFTA approved festivals). It will screen at FACT, Liverpool March 2022, The London Open, Whitechapel Gallery. And screenings in 2022-23 include Alchemy Film Festival, Copenhagen, Hong Kong, Prague, Barcelona
A Reassessment of Japanfs Big Bang Financial Regulatory Reform
No full textThis paper reassesses the results of Japanfs financial deregulation over the last two decades. Japanfs Big Bang sought to transform a highly regulated bank-centered financial system to a transparent, market-centered financial system to revitalize Japanfs economy and aging society. Prior assessments generally view this reform effort as a failure due to Japanfs low economic growth rate. This paper finds, contrary to conventional wisdom, that government-led deregulatory and administrative reform was largely successful in removing legal and administrative obstacles to the development of a market-centered financial system. However, the persistence of past practices by market participants and strong headwinds such as low macroeconomic growth and poor financial market performance prevented achievement of the Big Bangf s ambitious goals. This illustrates both the limits of what can be accomplished through deregulation of financial markets and the problem inherent in using a results-oriented standard in evaluating Japanfs reform efforts.Big Bang, Financial Deregulation, Financial Reform, Corporate Bond Market, Venture Capital, Financial Center
Why the Big Bang Singularity does not Help the Kalam Cosmological Argument for Theism
No full textThe Big Bang singularity provides little or no evidence for creation in the finite past and hence for theism. Whether one dismisses singularities or takes them seriously, physics licenses no first moment of (space-)time. A physical theory might lack a metric or any other notion of finite length for curves, so a general notion of "beginning" must involve a first moment. The analogy between the Big Bang singularity and stellar gravitational collapse suggests that a Creator is required in the first case only if a Destroyer is needed in the second. The need for and progress in quantum gravity and the underdetermination of theories by data make it difficult to take singularities seriously
December 1908-December 1909 / Dr. O. Staudinger & A. Bang-Haas
No full textVorliegende Form (Kolophon): Louis Klemich jr., Dresde
Combined effect of loop delay and reference clock jitter in first-order digital bang-bang phase-locked loops
No full textPaper presented at the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), Taipei, Taiwan, 24-27 May 2009Recently, several digital phase-locked loops (DPLLs) have been demonstrated to achieve the jitter performance of traditional
charge-pump-based analog PLLs. This paper is concerned with a class of DPLLs employing a binary-quantized phase detector, referred to as bangbang PLLs (BBPLLs). They are widely used in clock and data recovery circuits and have recently been implemented as digital BBPLLs for high-bandwidth synthesis. Given that a DPLL implementation typically suffers
from (excess) loop delay, this paper investigates the combined effect of loop delay and reference clock jitter in a first-order digital BBPLL. To statistically characterize the loop’s timing jitter we formulate it as a discrete-time vector Markov process and numerically solve the associated Chapman-Kolmogorov equation. This allows us to compute the timing jitter probability density function in steady-state and to evaluate the jitter performance (timing offset and RMS timing jitter) for varying loop detuning, RMS reference clock jitter and loop delay.Science Foundation Irelandke, ab, co, li - TS 13.04.1
Bang Bang: O Filme-circo
No full textAndréa Tonacci é um dos grandes cineastas brasileiros atuante no cinema marginal, junto com outros nomes como Rogério Sganzerla. O diretor foi responsável por alguns dos filmes mais ricos da história do cinema. Seu último filme, Serras da Desordem foi premiado no festival de Gramado como melhor filme em 2006. Este trabalho pretende analisar seu longa no cinema marginal, Bang Ban
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