126 research outputs found
Dissection of Larval and Pupal Wings of Bicyclus anynana Butterflies
No full textMETHODS AND PROTOCOLS3
Laser Microdissection-Mediated Isolation of Butterfly Wing Tissue for Spatial Transcriptomics
No full textThe assignment of specific patterns of gene expression to specific cells in a complex tissue facilitates the connection between genotype and phenotype. Single-cell sequencing of whole tissues produces single-cell transcript resolution but lacks the spatial information of the derivation of each cell, whereas techniques such as multiplex FISH localize transcripts to specific cells in a tissue but require a priori information of the target transcripts to examine. Laser dissection of tissues followed by transcriptome analysis is an efficient and cost-effective technique that provides both unbiased gene expression discovery together with spatial information. Here, we detail a laser dissection protocol for total RNA extraction from butterfly larval and pupal wing tissues, without the need of paraffin embedding or the use of a microtome, that could be useful to researchers interested in the transcriptome of specific areas of the wing during development. This protocol can bypass difficulties in extracting high quality RNA from thick fixed tissues for sequencing applications
Activation of butterfly eyespots by Distal-less is consistent with a reaction-diffusion process
No full text10.1242/dev.169367DEVELOPMENT146
Molecular mechanisms underlying simplification of venation patterns in holometabolous insects
No full text10.1242/dev.196394Development (Cambridge)14723dev196394
Tirtha Campuhan: Sebuah Karya Komposisi Baru dengan Media Gamelan Smar Pagulingan
No full textProses penciptaan karya seni, khususnya seni karawitan sudah mulai berkembang mengikuti kemajuan jaman. Perkembangan tersebut terdapat pada proses kreativitas dalam penciptaan karya seni karawitan, hal itu dapat dilihat dari unsur musik dalam seni karawitan. Dalam seni karawitan sangat penting dalam proses penciptaan karya seni yang kuat untuk sebuah pembaharuan terhadap tradisi sehingga bisa dikatakan sebagai musik kreasi. Penata tertarik menganggkat sebuah tempat suci di Pantai Sari Kuta tepatnya di Pura Tirtha Campuhan yang memiliki keunikan. Keunikan tersebut adalah fenomena alam tentang aliran sungai yang di dalamnya terdapat campuran dari dua aliran sungai dengan air laut sehingga terbentuk sungai baru yang bernama sungai campuhan. Sesuai dengan namanya Pura Tirtha Campuhan memiliki campuran aliran sungai dari muara sungai mati (tukad mati, tukad ening) dan sungai yang berada di Badung, sehingga aliran sungai di Pura tersebut membentuk sebuah aliran sungai baru (peteluan tukad, tukad mati, tukad ening). Selain terjadinya campuran dari aliran sungai, masyarakat juga memanfaatkan dan menggunakan air sungai ini sebagai tirtha untuk pengelukatan atau pembersihan dan juga digunakan sebagai obat. Dari cerita tersebut akhirnya penata menemukan ide untuk menjadikan Tirtha Campuhan sebagai sumber inspirasi. Penata merealisasikannya ke dalam bentuk garapan komposisi musik kreasi dengan menggunakan media ungkap Smar Pagulingan. Dalam media ungkap Smar Pagulingan penata mengaplikasikan tirtha dan campuhan atau campuran dalam membuat tirtha tersebut dengan menggabungkan beberapa patet dalam gamelan Smar Pagulingan. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan tujuan penata yang membangun suasana harmonis dalam olahan melodi menggunakan pencampuran patet.Tirtha Campuhan: A New Composition Work by Using Semar Pagulingan Gamelan as Media. In Karawitan, the process of creating works of art is essential to produce a renewal of tradition so that the process of creating these works of art can be said to be musical creation. For creating the musical creation, the author was inspired by the uniqueness of the holy place in Pata Sari Kuta precisely in Tirtha Campuhan Temple, which was used as the idea of creation. The uniqueness in Tirtha Campuhan Temple is a natural phenomenon of river flow in which there is a mixture of two river streams with seawater to form a new river called Campuhan river. As the name implies, Tirtha Campuhan Temple has a mixture of river flow from dead river mouths (tukad mati, tukad ening) and rivers in Badung, so that the river flow in the temple forms a new river flow (tukad pateluan, tukad mati, and tukad ening). The local community often uses the river water in the temple as tirtha for pengelukatan or cleaning and also used as medicine. From this information, the authors found the idea of making Tirtha Campuhan as a source of inspiration. The author realized the idea of creation in the form of the creation of musical compositions using the media revealed Semar Pagulingan. In this media, Semar Pagulingan applied tirtha and campuhan or mixture in making the tirtha by combining several patets in the Semar Pagulingan gamelan. The purpose of creating this creative music is to build a harmonious atmosphere in the preparation of melodies using patet mixing.Keywords: tirtha campuhan; semar pagulingan; creation musi
Antennapedia and optix regulate metallic silver wing scale development and cell shape in Bicyclus anynana butterflies
No full text10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111052Cell Reports401111052
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Turbulent Fluid Dynamics of Wildland Fire-Atmosphere Interactions
No full textComplex turbulence patterns emerge from the interaction of a wildland fire-front with its surrounding atmosphere in a variety of terrain and ambient conditions. This interaction, referred to as fire-atmosphere interaction, frequently begets unexpected fire behavior that is difficult to control and threatens communities residing at the boundaries of wilderness. Fire–atmosphere interactions also inform ember-driven ignitions and smoke dispersion patterns that affect respiratory health and visibility downwind. Despite the progress made in recent decades and the operational utility of several fire models, a lot still needs to be understood about fundamental fire behavior to improve model predictive capabilities and expand their range of application.This dissertation begins with the examination of wind velocity and temperature data collected during burn experiments ranging from small scales to operational scales for the turbulence processes characteristic of the presence of a fire in vegetative environments. At small scales, the analysis is akin to the microscopic observation of a fire in its infant stages: tracking velocity vectors in the vicinity of a propagating flame at high temporal and spatial resolutions allows a meticulous examination of the characteristic organized (coherent) flow structures. Besides being able to quantify the presence of counter-rotating vortex pairs along the fire-front, which play a key role in fire spread, potential mechanisms for the interaction between neighboring spot fires are illuminated. Next, data from operational-scale burn experiments (prescribed burns) is leveraged to differentiate between turbulence patterns during fires in grassland and forested environments, under differing ambient wind-forcing conditions. Such comparisons can help simplify the complex equations that govern fire physics, thereby expediting model predictions. A follow-up study utilizes a wavelet-based approach to track individual fire-modulated ramp-cliff-like structures in the measured temperature signal, in a forest canopy, as they evolve in time, along with their constitutive frequencies. These are known to find application in computing sensible heat fluxes within forested environments, which can be used to initialize and evaluate fire-behavior models. Given the spatial restraints on field measurements, we further attempt to investigate flow structures characteristic of buoyant-plume–canopy interaction under cross-wind forcing through large-eddy simulations (LES) using a low-complexity, ‘no-flame’ setup. The study replicates characteristic structures observed during field-scale experimental fires while also revealing differences in the spatial structure of the turbulent fluxes within the plume in both canopy and no canopy environments. By varying ambient wind speeds and heat-source strength, we then attempt to construct scaling laws informing plume deflection in canopy environments.Comprehensive knowledge of these processes can help develop improved parameterizations for the process-level phenomena in coarser-resolution, fast-running, predictive fire-behavior and plume-dispersion models. Improved models can be utilized for the careful planning of prescribed burns intended to reduce hazardous fuels and forewarning fire managers regarding conditions conducive to unexpected fire behavior, leading to efficient wildland fire management practices
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Event-based modeling of wall-bounded turbulence
No full textFor a diverse area of research, spanning from financial markets to weather and climate systems to experiments conducted in turbulent flows, the most common form of data belongs to the category of time series. In the context of turbulence research, the time series analysis techniques have mostly focused on spectral approach, where Fourier wavenumbers or frequencies are associated with eddy length or time scales. In this thesis, I propose an event-based approach as an alternative to the spectral one. This approach is used to address three important but fundamental problems in wall turbulence. First, identification of coherent structures in the flow from single-point time series measurements. Second, unravelling the scales associated with intermittency in wall turbulence. Third, the quantification of small-scale anisotropy in wall-bounded turbulent flows. To address these three objectives, different novel time-series analysis techniques have been introduced. Regarding the first objective, I introduce a level-crossing method and show how specific features of a turbulent time series associated with coherent structures can be objectively identified, without assigning a priori any arbitrary threshold. For the second and third objectives, I introduce a scale-dependent event framework, where the turbulent time series is considered to consist of a chronicle of events with finite size and duration across multiple scales of the flow. Overall, this dissertation provides a novel contribution towards data-driven modelling of turbulent flows with widespread applications, especially for atmospheric systems exhibiting complex temporal interactions at scales from seconds to decades
Mapping and Modeling of Fires in the Wildland-Urban Interface
No full textThe severity and frequency of wildfires have risen dramatically in recent years, drawingattention to the wildland-urban interface (WUI), the region where human-made structures
meet wildland vegetation. The focus of my doctoral research is to obtain an improved understanding of wildfires at the WUI through mapping and modeling approaches. First, I revisit
the existing definitions of WUI for California and then propose a novel, finer-resolution
WUI-mapping method that is based on the linear intersection of flammable vegetation and
building footprints. From this mapping exercise, it appears that the dominant mode of
fire-induced damage in the WUI is from firebrands, which can travel long distances away
from the fire-front. Next, I proceed to test the capability of a non-hydrostatic, mesoscale
weather research and forecasting (WRF) model to capture the meteorological parameters of
different geographical regions in Southern California, during the 2007 Witch Fire. Hereafter,
I use a large eddy simulation (LES) version of WRF to analyze the mechanisms of turbulence generation using momentum perturbation, since turbulence plays a vital role in ember
transport during fires that are driven by heavy wind events, such as the Santa Ana winds.
Finally, I discuss the potential of using a coupled fire-atmosphere model, called WRF-Fire,
to investigate ember transport over complex terrain as a major driver of wildfires in the
WUI. My research advances the science of fire prediction, with potential benefits for fire and
ecosystem managers and communities living within or near the WUI
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