1,721,345 research outputs found
Genotypic resistance tests for the management of the HIV-infected patient with non-B viral isolates
No full textWitness for the prosecution: The dominating HIV-1 subtype in Europe and in the USA is the B subtype, but the prevalence of circulating recombinant forms and non-B subtypes (nBS) in Europe has increased. HIV-1 group O strains are spontaneously resistant to non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) and little is known about the antiretroviral (ARV) drug susceptibility of nBS clinical isolates. Controlled randomized trials showing a clinical benefit of a treatment guided by HIV-1 resistance testing at virological failure have been conducted on subtype B. Thus, the result cannot be simply extended to nBS. In nBS, the frequency or amplification failure is increased, but retesting failed samples with an alternative set of polymerase chain reaction primers improves the success of amplification. The major problem is the reliability of genotypic resistance tests (GRT) owing to misinterpretation of the obtained amino acid mutations, the background sequence in nBS being different from the standard used in the commercial kits or in the web-based HIV-1 resistance interpretation tools. At the moment, no nBS database is available to help in the interpretation of the protease and RT sequence results. Furthermore, the mutational pattern of specific ARV drugs may be different, in particular with subtype C and G. In conclusion, in patients with nBS the indication to for at virological failure may exists, even in the absence of clinical evidence, but the results have to be interpreted by experts with particular caution. Witness for the defence: The extensive variability of HIV-1 has a potential impact on epidemiology, diagnosis, therapy and the prevention of infection. Nine different major subtypes of group M (A-D, F-H, J and K) circulate to varying extents in populations around the globe together with the circulating recombinant forms (CRF) owing to intersubtype recombinations. Although viruses belonging to the HIV-1 B clade are still predominant in Europe, the USA and Australia, an increasing prevalence of non-clade B subtypes and CRF has been reported by several surveys in previously homogeneous clade B countries. As current ARV have been designed using subtype B strains and resistance mutations have been characterized on this subtype, the increasing global spread of HIV subtypes highlights the need to determine the activity of anti-HIV drugs against subtypes or CRF other than subtype B
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
La profesionalización como proyecto de vida y herramienta de reinserción social en estudiantes de 5° año escolarizados en contexto de privación de la libertad en el sur del Gran Buenos Aires
No full textEl objetivo del presente diseño de proyecto de intervención psicopedagógico surge en primera instancia con la intención implícita de conocer el funcionamiento y las incumbencias del rol psicopedagógico dentro del sistema educativo del Servicio Penitenciario Bonaerense de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Para conocer las vicisitudes y necesidades dentro de este contexto, se establece una entrevista de relevamiento con integrantes del centro de estudiantes universitarios, encabezado por alumnos avanzados de dicho nivel pertenecientes a este sistema educativo. El diseño de proyecto de intervención se aplica a un grupo de 20 (veinte) estudiantes de género masculino ,de un rango etario desde los 18 años, sin límite de edad, cursantes de 5to año del nivel secundario, dentro del ámbito de la educación en contextos de privación de la libertad pertenecientes al Servicio Penitenciario Bonaerense, localizada al sur de la provincia, través del cual se plantea trabajar acerca de proyectos de vida con perspectiva profesional considerando a la educación como una herramienta transformadora por excelencia, mediante el cual se pretende disminuir los índices de reincidencia de actos punibles en los participantes.Fil: Balotta, Analía Gisela. Universidad de Flores; Argentina
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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