72 research outputs found
Cell-bound phosphatase activity in cotton (gossypium hirsutum L.) roots
No full textA study was made of phosphorus nutrition in cotton cultivars derived from Pakistan with particular reference to phosphatase activity. Cultivars used were Qalandri, Rehmani, Reshami and TH-3/83; Qalandri was used for most of the phosphatase characteristic studies, since this cultivar exhibited the highest germination percentage and seedling establishment. Investigations of soil parameters from cotton growing region of Pakistan were also carried out. Soil pH was above 8.0 in all sites studied. Soil organic component levels were very variable between sites and within sites at different depths. Soil potassium was found to be at levels regarded as being sufficient for sustaining plant growth at all sites. However, levels of combined nitrogen and inorganic phosphate were in the range of values which could be regarded as being limiting to plant growth. The importance of phosphatase in the mobilization of organic phosphorus was therefore apparent. Phosphomonoesterase (PMEase) activity, assayed using two substrates p- nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) and 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate (4-MUP), was investigated and was found associated with roots of hydroponically-grown seedlings. Staining studies indicated that the enzymes were present in the cell wall. Phosphodiesterase activity was also detected in roots, using bis-pNPP as the substrate. PMEase activity was found to have its greatest activity at pH values between 4.0 and 6.0 for all cultivars. In cv Qalandri the optimum pH for PMEase activity was 5 .5 and the optimum temperature was 55 C when assays were incubated over a 1h period using pNPP or 4-MUP as the substrate. Levels of activity were higher using pNPP than with 4-MUP, but an absolute direct comparison could not be made since the concentrations of the individual substrates used were different. Plants grown in phosphate-limitation conditions showed enhanced PMEase activity. Enhancement of PMEase activity was associated with the levels of phosphate in the plant growth nutrient solution rather than with those in the plant itself This activity was highest in 19-day old seedlings, under the conditions of growth employed here. A comparison between cultivars showed some differences in the level of PMEase activity and in the specific pH optimum for enzyme activity. Limitation of combined nitrogen to seedling also resulted m enhanced PMEase even when plants were under phosphate-sufficient conditions. A similar effect of potassium-limitation was also found and this was associated with reduced uptake of phosphate into the seedlings. No effect of magnesium-limitation on PMEase activity was found. A comparison was also made with other plants; cotton. Primula farinosa, rice, wheat and algae. All had associated phosphatase activity, with cotton showing significantly higher root acid phosphatase activity than the other higher plant species. Acidic phosphatase activity was found in the alga Drapamaldia whilst Stigeoclonium had alkaline phosphatase
From Arrest to Trial Court: The Story of Women Prisoners of Pakistan
No full textAbstractThis study used mix methods design and was conducted in all four women prisons of Sindh province of Pakistan. It was a ‘census’, no sampling was done and total respondents were 100. Inmates were involved in six types of crimes i.e. drug trafficking (26), murder of husband (25), kidnapping (23), murder (18), robbery/theft (5), child trafficking (2) and extra-marital relationship (1). The prisoners were tortured to sign confession. Inmates from rural and poor strata were found to be more ignorant, disempowered and vulnerable to existing judicial system. Findings also showed least legal help from government as well as NGOs sector
COMMUNITY MONITORING IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROJECTS: CASE STUDY OF A HEALTH SECTOR NGO IN PAKISTAN
No full textObjectives: a) To examine how the community monitoring system works in a NGO. b) To examine how community responds to the mechanism of community system in reproductive health projects. Study Design: Mixed-methods (quantitative and qualitative) study. Place and Duration of Study: HANDS, a non-governmental organization (NGO) in Pakistan is using such method to make communities an integral part of its projects. Reproductive health projects of HANDS were selected for the study. This study was conducted from 1st November to 31st December, 2013 in District Malir, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan where the NGO is running its projects. Methodology: Data was collected from 300 (n=300) out of 500 participants. The list of beneficiaries was given by HANDS. Selection of 300 participants was made through simple random sampling. In this way 60% of the population was covered in the study. Data was collected by using a survey questionnaire. In-depth interviews (IDIs) were also conducted. SPSS software was used for tabulation, graphical presentation and multi-linear regression. Results: The evidence is found that community monitoring is an effective approach that increases citizens’ participation. NGO is making efforts for the purpose but still there is need to enhance the role of community in conducting the monitoring activities. Community capacity building need was strongly felt. Conclusion: The research study adds value for extending clarity on the subject to adapt community monitoring as an effective way to involve community in NGOs’ projects.
A Protective Effect of Commercial Green Tea on Ibuprofen Induced Changes in Renal Function Tests of Adult Rats
No full textBackground: Nephrotoxicity of ibuprofen is a growing international public health problem in the wake of excessive use of the drug for the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases in both adults and pediatric patients.
Objectives: To present an overview of the protective effect of the green tea on ibuprofen-induced changes in the biochemical markers of the adult rat kidneys.
Methods: It is an experimental study conducted in the department of Anatomy, Army Medical College Rawalpindi. The investigation was led on 30 male and non-pregnant female Sprague Dawley rodents of 9-11 weeks old enough and going in weight from 200-330 gm. The animals were divided into three groups consisting of 10 animals each; group A served as control, each animal in group B was given ibuprofen at a dose of 120 mg/kg/day and each animal in group C was given both green tea at a dose of 1ml/100g/day and Ibuprofen 120mg/kg body weight for a period of 9 weeks. Ibuprofen manufactured by Abbot Laboratories (Pvt.) Limited was utilized. Green tea was obtained from local market. Data was collected at the end of experimental period and was analyzed using SPSS version 22. One Way ANOVA was exerted, afterwards by post-hoc Tukey test to find out intergroup differences for quantitative variables. The results were depicted as mean ± standard deviation (mean ± SD). A p value < 0.05 was believed significant.
Results: Green tea administration had a significantly favorable effect on serum urea (mg/dl) (Group A=21.9 ± 2.8, Group B=93.2 ± 3.9, Group C=36.4± 3.0; p<0.001) and serum creatinine (mg/dl) (Group A=0.9 ± 0.22, Group B=2.4± 0.52, Group C=0.97 ± 0.3; p<0.001).
Conclusions: Green tea had ameliorative effects on the ibuprofen-induced changes in the biochemical markers of the adult rat kidneys
Mîrak Muhammad and his work named “shahrî ve gulî”
No full textŞehrî ve Gülî, klasik İran edebiyatının önemli şairlerinin edebî meclislerde anlamı üzerinde tartışılmış ve nazım sebebi sohbetlere konu olmuş beyitlerini, manzumelerini ya da anlaşılmasında zorluk çekilen beyitlerdeki mazmunları bazen hikâyelerini naklederek izah eden bir eserdir. İçeriği ile Farsça edebî eserler üzerine Anadolu?da oluşmuş şerh geleneğinden farklı bir örnek olan bu eser, Nevâdirü?l- Emsâl adlı Farsça-Türkçe deyimler sözlüğünün müellifi olan Mîrek Muhammed tarafından yazılmıştır. Taşkentli olan Mîrek Muhammed, şair Muhlisî-i Bedahşânî?den eğitim almış, hiciv şairi olarak bilinen Müşfikî-i Buharâyî ile görüşmüş ve Şiraz, İstanbul ve Zigetvar?da bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada müellif ve eseri hakkında bilgi verilecektir.Shahrî ve Gulî is a collection of couplets and poems selected from important poets of classic Persian literature, which were difficult to interpret and discussed in literary congresses, sometimes presented with the stories of the couplets and poems. Having different qualities from the commentary tradition formed in Anatolia on Farsi literary works, it was written by Mîrak Muhammad, who is known as the writer of Farsi-Turkish idioms-dictionary named Navâdiru‟l-Emsâl. Mîrak. Muhammad, who received education from Muhlisî Badahşânî, and conferred with Muşfikî Buharâyî known as the satirical poet, visited some cities like Shiraz, Istanbul and Szigetvar. In this article, the author and content of his work will be introduced
The Importance Of Adopting Sustainable Practices & Community Participation In Power Projects
No full textAttaining sustainable development is one of the greatest challenges facing Pakistan today. A challenge that can only be met by developing and deploying confidence among the people. Transparency in project activities at all stages and other measures will also enhance its social and economic growth. By adopting sustainable practices and sensible policies, we mean that project activity should be economically viable, socially acceptable and environment friendly. In order to achieve this objective, there must be a continued commitment to encourage and ensure the community participation. Since Pakistan is an energy deficient country, it has to initiate power projects on a large scale in the near future. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to tackle these projects in a sustainable way, so that it can be benefited to the maximum possible level and have the least adverse effects on community and the environment. Thus, careful planning, efficient implementation, standardized operational practices and community participation are the key parameters which ensure the positive impacts on economy, prosperity and the well being of our people. This paper pinpoints the potential environmental hazards due to project activity and emphasizes to adopt sustainable approaches in power projects with community participation.
Bostanzâde Yahyâ Gül-i Sad-Berg (analysis-critical text)
No full textBu çalısma 17. yüzyıl Osmanlı âlimlerinden Bostanzâde Yahyâ Efendi'nin hayatı, eserleri, kisiliği ve Gül-i Sad-Berg adlı eserinin tenkitli metni ile incelemesinden olusmaktadır. Bu çalısma ile adı geçen yazarın hayatının, eserlerinin ve kisiliğinin ortaya çıkarılması ve eserin sağlam bir metni olusturularak divan nesri içindeki yerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıstır. Bunun için dönemin biyografi kaynakları incelendi, yazarla ilgili biyografik bilgiler tespit edildi. Eserleri incelenerek edebi kisiliğine iliskin ipuçları belirlendi. Gül-i Sad-Berg adlı mensur eserinin el yazması 7 nüshası tespit edilerek tenkitli metni ortaya kondu. Elde edilen bu metin üzerinden eser içerik ve dil-anlatım bakımlarından incelendi. Sonuç olarak yazarın, çağına ve çevresine duyarlı bir Osmanlı aydını olduğu; Gül-i Sad-Berg adlı eserinin de Hz. Muhammed'in mucizelerini içeren ve Osmanlı estetik nesrinin özelliklerini tasıyan olgun bir metin olduğu belirlendi.This study consists of one of the Ottoman scholar in the 17th century, Bostanzade Yahya Effendi's life, his works, his personality and critical analysis of his work of Gul-i Sad-Berg. It aims to reveal the author's life, works, and personality anddetermine the place of the work mentioned before in the collected poems by making up a solid text. For this reason, biographical sources of the period were examined and biographical information about the author was ascertained. Tips on hispersonality were determined examining the literary text. The critical analysis was stated identifying seven copies of the manuscript work of Gul-i Sad-Berg. Through the text obtained, the work text was analysed in terms of content and language and expression. As a result, it is determined that the author is an Ottoman intellectual, sensitive to his environment and his age; and his work, Gul-i Sad-Berg is an mature text which consists of the miracles of Muhammad and has the characteristics of the Ottoman aesthetic
Language shift or maintenance
No full textAbstract
Pakistan is a multilingual country with six major and over 59 minor languages. However, the languages used by the domains of power, (government, corporate sector, media and education), are English and Urdu. Compared to the other regional languages in Pakistan, the Sindhi language has a more emancipated position in the state-run schools and some other domains. The present study seeks to explore the extent to which the use of Sindhi language has been shifted or maintained, and to survey the patterns of language use in certain domains through Fishman’s domain concept for the determination of language shift within the community concerned. A mixed method data collection including questionnaires and in-depth interviews was conducted to find out whether Sindhis in the Sind province of Pakistan maintain their heritage language in specific domains and to ascertain the impact of Pakistan’s language policy on Sindhi language. The results show that Sindhis in Sindh province fully maintain their language and behold sentimental affiliation with it as part of their cultural identity. The Sindhis have successfully uplifted and maintained their language in education and other vital domains. The Sindhi community enjoys a higher ethno-linguistic vitality than the other ethnic groups in Pakistan.</jats:p
Bostanzâde Yahyâ Gül-i Sad-Berg (inceleme-tenkitli metin)
No full textBu çalısma 17. yüzyıl Osmanlı âlimlerinden Bostanzâde Yahyâ Efendi'nin hayatı, eserleri, kisiliği ve Gül-i Sad-Berg adlı eserinin tenkitli metni ile incelemesinden olusmaktadır. Bu çalısma ile adı geçen yazarın hayatının, eserlerinin ve kisiliğinin ortaya çıkarılması ve eserin sağlam bir metni olusturularak divan nesri içindeki yerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıstır. Bunun için dönemin biyografi kaynakları incelendi, yazarla ilgili biyografik bilgiler tespit edildi. Eserleri incelenerek edebi kisiliğine iliskin ipuçları belirlendi. Gül-i Sad-Berg adlı mensur eserinin el yazması 7 nüshası tespit edilerek tenkitli metni ortaya kondu. Elde edilen bu metin üzerinden eser içerik ve dil-anlatım bakımlarından incelendi. Sonuç olarak yazarın, çağına ve çevresine duyarlı bir Osmanlı aydını olduğu; Gül-i Sad-Berg adlı eserinin de Hz. Muhammed'in mucizelerini içeren ve Osmanlı estetik nesrinin özelliklerini tasıyan olgun bir metin olduğu belirlendi.This study consists of one of the Ottoman scholar in the 17th century, Bostanzade Yahya Effendi's life, his works, his personality and critical analysis of his work of Gul-i Sad-Berg. It aims to reveal the author's life, works, and personality anddetermine the place of the work mentioned before in the collected poems by making up a solid text. For this reason, biographical sources of the period were examined and biographical information about the author was ascertained. Tips on hispersonality were determined examining the literary text. The critical analysis was stated identifying seven copies of the manuscript work of Gul-i Sad-Berg. Through the text obtained, the work text was analysed in terms of content and language and expression. As a result, it is determined that the author is an Ottoman intellectual, sensitive to his environment and his age; and his work, Gul-i Sad-Berg is an mature text which consists of the miracles of Muhammad and has the characteristics of the Ottoman aesthetic
Management of Different Dairy Production Systems in Sindh
No full textThe study of management of different dairy production system in Sindh was conducted in randomly selected from three zones consisting of nine districts of Sindh province of Pakistan. The data was collected from central zone consisting of three districts (Hyderabad, Mirpurkhas and Shaheed Benazirabad) in 2005-06, from upper zone (districts i.e. Larkana, Sukkur and Shikarpur) in 2006-07, and from lower Sindh zone(Karachi, Thatta and Badin) in years 2007-08. The educational status indicated that the graduate dairy farmers were significantly (P</jats:p
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