125,451 research outputs found
Through the Balkan States: Home movies as travel texts and tourism histories in the Mediterranean, c.1923-39
No full textNewly available lightweight cine camera equipment provided affluent British holidaymakers with an innovative travel accessory in the mid 1920s. Travel narratives produced by early camera-touting enthusiasts may be likened to preceding forms of travel experience depicted in art and written form, but important differences occur too. This discussion explores issues of place representation, ethnography and perceptions of regional identities, cultures, and histories through reference to amateur holiday footage filmed in the Balkans in 1934. Analysis of rural and urban scenes, traditions, and itinerary, as well as the cinematic processes found within this filmic travelogue, are related to earlier outsiders’ responses and contemporary travel texts including guides, diaries and other genres of travel literature. Contemporary debates on post-conflict identity in the Balkan region and tourism history within the Mediterranean, as well as socio-cultural and aesthetic aspects of non-professional film-making form a wider context for this focus upon Balkan imagery
Convergence and Inequality of income: the case of Western Balkan countries
Full text linkThis paper analyses the convergence process of inequality in income among five Balkan countries in the 1989-2008 period. This study is carried out in comparison with the situation in the European Union of 27 countries. The originality of our approach is to consider the convergence of countries' contributions to the international income inequality. The model allows simultaneously to test the convergence process of income and inequality. The results indicate a real convergence process between Balkan countries, while persistence is detected between European Union countries. However, the thorough investigations stress that there are differences in the pace of convergence across sub-periods. Thus, income and inequality convergence are higher during the 2000s for the EU-27, while the majority of convergence took place during the second half of the 1990s for Balkan countries. Accordingly, the development gap between Balkans and European Union remains important.Convergence, Inequality, Panel Data, Balkan countries, European Union
Anonim şirketlerde pay sahipleri için kararlaştırılan rekabet yasağı kayıtlarının geçerliliği
No full textGreek banks in the Balkan countries: conclusion derived from analysis of their balance sheets
Full text linkDuring the 1990s the Greek economy has flourished, with the help of the banking system, which, at the same period, has undergone considerable deregulation. The stock market “explosion” at the end of the decade has provided the necessary funds for the expansion of many Greek Banks in various countries and particularly those of the Balkan area. Some Greek companies had already expanded their business activities in these countries, which at the time were in the process of transition to the market economy, thus giving to the Greek Banks the incentive to follow their clientele. The expansion of Greek banks in the Balkans was such that they obtained significant market shares in some of the area’s countries. In the current paper we make an effort to examine the feasibility of the expansion of Greek banks in these countries, focusing especially on their financial efficiency. To that end the Balance Sheets of the parent banks, as well as those of their Balkan subsidiaries and associate companies where they held an equity share were studied and analyzed. Our main conclusion is that the activities of the Geek banks in the area were successful and had positive effects to their profitability and they reinforced their overall financial state.Banking System, balance sheets, financial analysis, profitability, efficiency, Balkan area.
Legal responsibilities of secret founders arising from the establishment of joint stock companies(TTK.m.337/2)
No full textAnonim şirketlerde kimlerin kurucu olabileceğine dair TTK m.
337/1 hükmünde düzenlenmiştir. Anonim şirketlerde kurucuların sorumluluk esasları ise TTK m. 549-552 arasında düzenlenmiştir. TTK m.
337/2’de ise kuruluş işlemlerinden hesabına işlem yapılan kişilerin de
sorumlu tutulacağı açıkça hüküm altına alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada gizli
kurucu olarak adlandırdığımız, TTK m. 337/2 uyarınca sorumlu tutulacak kişilerin sorumluluk esasları incelenecektir.The regulation on who can be a founder in joint stock companies
is regulated in the TTK.art.337/1. The liability principles of the founders
in joint stock companies are regulated between TTK.art.549-553.
However, it is clearly regulated in the provision of TTK.art.337/2 that
the persons who are responsible for the establishment transactions shall
also be held responsible. This study examines the principles of responsibility of the persons who shall be held responsible pursuant to
TTK.art.337/2, whom are referred to as “secret founders”
New Men, Old Europe: Being a Man in Balkan Travel Writing, Special issue: Balkan travel writing
No full textPaleo-Balkan and Slavic Contributions to the Genetic Pool of Moldavians
Full text linkMoldova has a rich historical and cultural heritage, which may be reflected in the current genetic makeup of its population.
To date, no comprehensive studies exist about the population genetic structure of modern Moldavians. To bridge this gap
with respect to paternal lineages, we analyzed 37 binary and 17 multiallelic (STRs) polymorphisms on the non-recombining
portion of the Y chromosome in 125 Moldavian males. In addition, 53 Ukrainians from eastern Moldova and 54 Romanians
from the neighboring eastern Romania were typed using the same set of markers. In Moldavians, 19 Y chromosome
haplogroups were identified, the most common being I-M423 (20.8%), R-M17* (17.6%), R-M458 (12.8%), E-v13 (8.8%), RM269*
and R-M412* (both 7.2%). In Romanians, 14 haplogroups were found including I-M423 (40.7%), R-M17* (16.7%), RM405
(7.4%), E-v13 and R-M412* (both 5.6%). In Ukrainians, 13 haplogroups were identified including R-M17 (34.0%), I-M423
(20.8%), R-M269* (9.4%), N-M178, R-M458 and R-M73 (each 5.7%). Our results show that a significant majority of the
Moldavian paternal gene pool belongs to eastern/central European and Balkan/eastern Mediterranean Y lineages.
Phylogenetic and AMOVA analyses based on Y-STR loci also revealed that Moldavians are close to both eastern/central
European and Balkan-Carpathian populations. The data correlate well with historical accounts and geographical location of
the region and thus allow to hypothesize that extant Moldavian paternal genetic lineages arose from extensive recent
admixture between genetically autochthonous populations of the Balkan-Carpathian zone and neighboring Slavic group
Tectono-metamorphic and magmatic evolution of the Internal Dinarides (Kopaonik area, southern Serbia) and its significance for the geodynamic evolution of the Balkan Peninsula
Full text linkThe study is devoted to the tectono-metamorphic and magmatic evolution of the Internal Dinarides and it furthermore addresses the geodynamic evolution of the Balkan Peninsula. The investigated area is located in the internal-most part of the Dinarides and covers the contact zone between the Dinaridic orogen that essentially formed in Latest Cretaceous to Paleogene times and the “Serbo–Macedonian Massif“, that is a part of the Carpatho–Balkan orogen (Dacia Mega-Unit) which is characterised by older (pre-Turonian) deformations. The widespread occurrences of ophiolitic rocks, separated by different fragments of continental basement rocks led to a ,multi-ocean‘ concept whereby the oceans were separated by elongate continental terranes or micro-plates. By investigating the stratigraphic and tectonic evolution of the various continent-derived units and by studying their relation with the intervening ophiolitic belts this ,multi-terrane/multi-ocean‘ problem is critically addressed and a one-ocean model is preferred. Thereby the continental terranes simply represent the passive margin of Adria, exposed in windows below the ophiolites, which were obducted in Late Jurassic times.
Strongly deformed and metamorphosed meta-sediments crop out in the Studenica valley and the Kopaonik area representing the easternmost occurrences of Triassic sediments within the Dinarides. Upper Paleozoic terrigeneous sediments are overlain by Lower Triassic siliciclastics and limestones, followed by Anisian shallow-water carbonates. A pronounced facies change to hemipelagic and distal turbiditic, cherty meta-limestones (Kopaonik Formation) testifies to a late Anisian drowning of the former shallow-water carbonate shelf. Sedimentation of the Kopaonik Formation was contemporaneous with shallow-water carbonate production on nearby and more proxi- mal carbonate platforms that were the source areas of diluted turbidity currents reaching the depositional area of this formation. The Kopaonik Formation was dated by conodont faunas as late Anisian to Norian and possibly extends into the Early Jurassic. It is therefore considered an equivalent of the grey Hallstatt facies of the Eastern Alps, the Western Carpathians and the Albanides–Hellenides. The coeval carbonate platforms were generally located in more proximal areas of the Adriatic margin, whereas the distal margin was dominated by hemipelagic/ pelagic and distal turbiditic sedimentation, facing the evolving Neotethys Ocean to the east. A similar arrangement of Triassic facies belts can be recognised all along the evolving Meliata–Maliac–Vardar branch of Neotethys, which is in line with a ‘one-ocean-hypothesis’ for the Dinarides: all ophiolites presently located southwest of the Drina–Ivanjica and Kopaonik thrust sheets are derived from an area to the east, and the Drina–Ivanjica and Kopaonik units emerge in tectonic windows from below this ophiolite nappe. On the base of the Triassic facies distribution neither arguments for an independent Dinaridic Ocean nor evidence for isolated terranes or blocks was seen.
Two age groups for the Cenozoic granitoids in the Dinarides of southern Serbia were determined by high precision single grain U–Pb dating of thermally annealed and chemically abraded zircons: (i) Oligocene ages (Ko- paonik, Drenje, Željin) ranging from 31.7 to 30.6 Ma and (ii) Miocene ages (Golija and Polumir) at 20.58–20.17 and 18.06–17.74 Ma, respectively. Apatite fission-track central ages and modelling combined with zircon central ages, together with local structural observations, constrain the subsequent exhumation history of the magmatic rocks. They indicate rapid cooling from above 300 to ca. 80 °C between 16 and 10 Ma for the Oligocene and the Miocene age group, caused by extensional exhumation of the plutons that are located in the footwall of core-complexes. Miocene magmatism and core-complex formation thus not only affected the Pannonian basin but also a part of the mountainous areas of the internal Dinarides.
Four different deformation phases (D1–D4) are distinguished in the study area. D1 to D3 are related to com- pression and metamorphism that pre-date the intrusion of I-type Oligocene plutons in Early Oligocene times, whereas the fourth deformation phase (D4) is related to extensional tectonics and exhumation that are contempo- raneous with the intrusion of Miocene S-type granitoids. The first event (D1) is probably linked to the obduction of the Western Vardar Ophiolitic Unit onto the distal Adriatic continental margin. It is associated with top-NW shear-senses observed in sigma-clasts in a ductilely deformed and slightly metamorphosed ophiolitic mélange as well as with a penetrative foliation and a stretching lineation coupled to greenschist facies metamorphism in the Late Paleozoic to Early Jurassic sediments. During the Late Cretaceous (110–85 Ma) these sediments witnessed a metamorphic event that occurred under lowermost greenschist-facies conditions, associated with the ductile deformation phase (D2) represented by a well developed foliation and isoclinal folds overprinting D1. A higher greenschist- to amphibolite-facies overprint is observed during Middle to Late Eocene (45–35 Ma) due to nappe- stacking caused by out-of-sequence thrusting (D3). This event is associated with the E–W-oriented compression related to and following the closure of the Sava suture. During the Miocene the entire area of investigation un- derwent rapid exhumation, accompanied by intense N–S-oriented ductile stretching (D4). This extension is correlated with the Miocene extension in the Pannonian basin whose location is in the back-arc area of the W-directed subduction of the European lithosphere beneath the Carpathians
Balkan Ülkeleri Arasında Bilimsel ve Kültürel Bilgilerin Korunması ve Yönetiminde İşbirliği
No full textIn this paper the regional and international cooperative programmes carried out to preserve and manage the scientific
and cultural information sources in the Balkan countries
are reviewed. As successful digitization, protection and management of information sources is closely related with the availability of the networking facilities, the Internet infrastructures of the Balkan countries needed to support the “digital science” and “digital culture” are studied to identify applications and services that can be streamlined through cooperative endeavors
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