1,721,243 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Sur la première carte des flux réalisée avec des flèches (Ravenstein, 1885)
No full textThe map entitled 'Currents of Migration' performed by Ravenstein when he published his Laws of Migration for the first time in 1885, seems to be the first flow map with arrows. This 5th Ravenstein's map is very particular because it is not called in the text and it has no elements that allow us to understand exactly what movement is depicted and how it is represented. We just know that it illustrates internal migrations laws that are so complex to formulate and to depict. In order to enlighten this first flow map with arrows, we present here an analysis focused on both historical and methodological practices of aggregated flow mapping. In fact, probably made from Origin-Destination census data on United Kingdom mobility (1871-1881), Map no.5 of Ravenstein (1885) breaks new ground in both the graphic process used in the mapping approach and the conceptual implementation we offer. If the historical context of the realization of this map is on discrete statistical mapping, Ravenstein offers a figure which seems based on physical principles. Here, the author is like to have applied a continuous flow mapping process within a spatial approach of statistical cartography. Firstly, the innovation is then to have introduced the idea on an apparently continuous movement mapping approach. Secondly, it is to have implemented in a map the principles of spatial interaction patterns before they were conceptually formulated. Thirdly, Ravenstein apparently uses the arrow process in new ways and even in unusual form for us since it does not seem to connect the centers of both origins and destinations places (with the process of flows that converge to a place): it seems to mark only the administrative transboundary movement between neighboring areas. That is why we can consider this map as likely to renew the current practice of flow mapping.La carte intitulée 'Currents of migration' réalisée par Ravenstein à l'occasion de la publication des Lois de la migration pour la première fois en 1885, semble être la toute première carte civile des flux qui figure des flèches. Réalisée à partir de données qui portent sur les mobilités britanniques à l'échelle des comtés, la carte est, au premier abord, difficile à interpréter. Au regard de la formalisation de l'approche méthodologique de cartographie des flux que nous proposons, la carte n°5 de Ravenstein apparaît innovante en de multiples aspects qui tiennent au raisonnement sous-jacent et à la mise en ½uvre du procédé de la flèche. Nous faisons alors l'hypothèse que l'approche méthodologique mise en ½uvre par l'auteur pour illustrer la première de ses lois sur les migrations (selon laquelle la majeure partie des courants migratoires s'effectue sur de courtes distances et vers des centres économiques d'absorption particuliers) vise à représenter de manière continue un phénomène discret. Si le contexte historique de la réalisation de cette carte est celui de la cartographie statistique discrète, Ravenstein propose, en effet, une figure fondée sur des principes physiques qui font écho à la représentation de la dynamique des mouvements. Pour ce faire, il recourt au procédé de la flèche de manière inédite, contribuant ainsi à renouveler la pratique actuelle de la cartographie des flux
Sur la première carte des flux réalisée avec des flèches (Ravenstein, 1885)
No full textThe map entitled 'Currents of Migration' performed by Ravenstein when he published his Laws of Migration for the first time in 1885, seems to be the first flow map with arrows. This 5th Ravenstein's map is very particular because it is not called in the text and it has no elements that allow us to understand exactly what movement is depicted and how it is represented. We just know that it illustrates internal migrations laws that are so complex to formulate and to depict. In order to enlighten this first flow map with arrows, we present here an analysis focused on both historical and methodological practices of aggregated flow mapping. In fact, probably made from Origin-Destination census data on United Kingdom mobility (1871-1881), Map no.5 of Ravenstein (1885) breaks new ground in both the graphic process used in the mapping approach and the conceptual implementation we offer. If the historical context of the realization of this map is on discrete statistical mapping, Ravenstein offers a figure which seems based on physical principles. Here, the author is like to have applied a continuous flow mapping process within a spatial approach of statistical cartography. Firstly, the innovation is then to have introduced the idea on an apparently continuous movement mapping approach. Secondly, it is to have implemented in a map the principles of spatial interaction patterns before they were conceptually formulated. Thirdly, Ravenstein apparently uses the arrow process in new ways and even in unusual form for us since it does not seem to connect the centers of both origins and destinations places (with the process of flows that converge to a place): it seems to mark only the administrative transboundary movement between neighboring areas. That is why we can consider this map as likely to renew the current practice of flow mapping.La carte intitulée 'Currents of migration' réalisée par Ravenstein à l'occasion de la publication des Lois de la migration pour la première fois en 1885, semble être la toute première carte civile des flux qui figure des flèches. Réalisée à partir de données qui portent sur les mobilités britanniques à l'échelle des comtés, la carte est, au premier abord, difficile à interpréter. Au regard de la formalisation de l'approche méthodologique de cartographie des flux que nous proposons, la carte n°5 de Ravenstein apparaît innovante en de multiples aspects qui tiennent au raisonnement sous-jacent et à la mise en ½uvre du procédé de la flèche. Nous faisons alors l'hypothèse que l'approche méthodologique mise en ½uvre par l'auteur pour illustrer la première de ses lois sur les migrations (selon laquelle la majeure partie des courants migratoires s'effectue sur de courtes distances et vers des centres économiques d'absorption particuliers) vise à représenter de manière continue un phénomène discret. Si le contexte historique de la réalisation de cette carte est celui de la cartographie statistique discrète, Ravenstein propose, en effet, une figure fondée sur des principes physiques qui font écho à la représentation de la dynamique des mouvements. Pour ce faire, il recourt au procédé de la flèche de manière inédite, contribuant ainsi à renouveler la pratique actuelle de la cartographie des flux
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Sur la première carte des flux réalisée avec des flèches (Ravenstein, 1885)
No full textThe map entitled 'Currents of Migration' performed by Ravenstein when he published his Laws of Migration for the first time in 1885, seems to be the first flow map with arrows. This 5th Ravenstein's map is very particular because it is not called in the text and it has no elements that allow us to understand exactly what movement is depicted and how it is represented. We just know that it illustrates internal migrations laws that are so complex to formulate and to depict. In order to enlighten this first flow map with arrows, we present here an analysis focused on both historical and methodological practices of aggregated flow mapping. In fact, probably made from Origin-Destination census data on United Kingdom mobility (1871-1881), Map no.5 of Ravenstein (1885) breaks new ground in both the graphic process used in the mapping approach and the conceptual implementation we offer. If the historical context of the realization of this map is on discrete statistical mapping, Ravenstein offers a figure which seems based on physical principles. Here, the author is like to have applied a continuous flow mapping process within a spatial approach of statistical cartography. Firstly, the innovation is then to have introduced the idea on an apparently continuous movement mapping approach. Secondly, it is to have implemented in a map the principles of spatial interaction patterns before they were conceptually formulated. Thirdly, Ravenstein apparently uses the arrow process in new ways and even in unusual form for us since it does not seem to connect the centers of both origins and destinations places (with the process of flows that converge to a place): it seems to mark only the administrative transboundary movement between neighboring areas. That is why we can consider this map as likely to renew the current practice of flow mapping.La carte intitulée 'Currents of migration' réalisée par Ravenstein à l'occasion de la publication des Lois de la migration pour la première fois en 1885, semble être la toute première carte civile des flux qui figure des flèches. Réalisée à partir de données qui portent sur les mobilités britanniques à l'échelle des comtés, la carte est, au premier abord, difficile à interpréter. Au regard de la formalisation de l'approche méthodologique de cartographie des flux que nous proposons, la carte n°5 de Ravenstein apparaît innovante en de multiples aspects qui tiennent au raisonnement sous-jacent et à la mise en ½uvre du procédé de la flèche. Nous faisons alors l'hypothèse que l'approche méthodologique mise en ½uvre par l'auteur pour illustrer la première de ses lois sur les migrations (selon laquelle la majeure partie des courants migratoires s'effectue sur de courtes distances et vers des centres économiques d'absorption particuliers) vise à représenter de manière continue un phénomène discret. Si le contexte historique de la réalisation de cette carte est celui de la cartographie statistique discrète, Ravenstein propose, en effet, une figure fondée sur des principes physiques qui font écho à la représentation de la dynamique des mouvements. Pour ce faire, il recourt au procédé de la flèche de manière inédite, contribuant ainsi à renouveler la pratique actuelle de la cartographie des flux
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Cartographie des flux et production d'indicateurs sur l'intensité des échanges
No full textL’objet de la communication est de proposer, à la suite des travaux de W. Tobler fondés sur la décomposition des matrices de flux, une approche originale de la production d’indices descriptifs des flux, au préalable de leur représentation cartographique. L’approche simplifie l’analyse en s’appuyant sur les opérateurs (Min, Max) et les fonctions logiques (ET, OU) définis dans le cadre d'un raisonnement flou. Nous testons l’application successive d’une sélection d’indices élaborés et discutons de leur pertinence au regard des résultats cartographiques obtenus : du point de vue des liaisons et des espaces d’interfaces révélés. Les interfaces sont appréhendées comme des zones de rupture dans l’intensité des échanges, témoins de l’existence d’une frontière entre des zones caractérisées par un système de relations préférentielles
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