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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Potencial de atenua??o natural de diesel (B8) e biodiesel (B100) em latossolo vermelho sem hist?rico de contamina??o
Get PDFDiesel oil, mainly composed of hydrocarbons, is currently the most consumed
petroleum derivative in Brazil. Biodiesel is added to the diesel sold in national territory,
according to current legislation. Biodiesel has emerged as an alternative fuel,
obtained from renewable sources, composed of fatty acid alkyl esters, less polluting
and more biodegradable. Soil microorganisms act in important processes, such as
the degradation and mineralization of a great diversity of organic compounds. Soil
contamination by fuels, which could occur in various forms during the production
chain, might inhibit part of the microbiota due to the toxicity of its components, but
also increase autochthonous populations capable of degrading such compounds.
The objective of this work was to evaluate, during 90 days, the biodegradation of
diesel (B8) and biodiesel (B100), applied in two concentrations (5 and 10%, m m-1) to
microcosms composed by a red latosol with no history of fuel contamination.
Contaminated soils showed higher respiration than uncontaminated soil. Particularly,
soils with diesel had a respiration up to 5.2 times higher than the control soil. Soils
with diesel presented greater hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate and dehydrogenase
activity than the soils contaminated with biodiesel, but inferior than the control soil.
The soils contaminated with diesel presented respiration up to 5.2 times higher than
the control soil and presented greater activities of fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis
and dehydrogenase than the soils contaminated with biodiesel, but inferior to the
control soil when related to the enzymatic activities. Soils contaminated with diesel
had a higher number of microorganisms than the soils with biodiesel and control soil.
The microbial biomass carbon presented similar behavior to the enzymatic activities.
At the end of the 90 days, it was higher in the control soil, followed by the soil with
diesel and lower in the soil with biodiesel. The metabolic quotient indicated greater
stress of the microbiota in the soils contaminated with biodiesel in comparison to soils
with diesel and control soil. Phytotoxicity of soils contaminated with diesel, verified
through seed germination, was apparently reduced by more than 80% after 90 days
of soil incubation in relation to the initial toxicity. Biodiesel contamination resulted in
the highest phytotoxicity during the incubation. At the end of the incubation, there
was a reduction of 70% (diesel 5%) and 50% (diesel 10%) in the mass of the fuel
extracted from the soil; in biodiesel treatments, mass reductions were 61% (biodiesel
5%) and 48% (biodiesel 10%). At the end of the microcosm incubations, reductions in
retention peaks as well as in the areas of fuel components were observed through
gas chromatography analysis, suggesting biodegradation. After the 90 days of
incubation of the contaminated soils, 34 bacteria were isolated (24 from diesel
microcosms and 10 from biodiesel microcosms), of which 30 showed the capacity to
degrade fuels (diesel or biodiesel). Among these, 18 produced biosurfactants; for 10
isolates the production was mostly extracellular and for six isolates the biosurfactants
remained cell-associated. In addition to the production of biosurfactants, some of the
isolates, especially those isolated from soil with diesel, presented cellular
hydrophobicity values above 40%. In summary, it was verified that the soil used, even
without a history of contamination, displayed an autochthonous microbiota with the
capacity to degrade fuels under natural attenuation conditionsO ?leo diesel, composto basicamente por hidrocarbonetos, ? atualmente o derivado
de petr?leo mais consumido no Brasil. Biodiesel ? acrescido ao diesel
comercializado em territ?rio nacional, seguindo a legisla??o vigente. O biodiesel
surgiu como um combust?vel alternativo, de fontes renov?veis, composto por ?steres
alqu?licos de ?cidos graxos, menos poluentes e mais biodegrad?veis. Os
microrganismos do solo atuam em processos importantes como na degrada??o e
mineraliza??o de uma grande diversidade de compostos org?nicos. A contamina??o
do solo por combust?veis, que pode ocorrer de diversas formas durante a cadeia
produtiva, inibindo parte da microbiota pela toxicidade de seus componentes, mas
tamb?m incrementar popula??es aut?ctones capazes de degradar tais compostos. O
objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, durante 90 dias, a biodegrada??o de diesel (B8) e
biodiesel (B100), aplicados em duas concentra??es (5 e 10%, m m-1), em
microcosmos constitu?dos de latossolo vermelho sem hist?rico de contamina??o por
combust?veis. Os solos contaminados apresentaram respira??o superior ? do solo
n?o contaminado. Os solos contaminados com diesel apresentaram respira??o at?
5,2 vezes maior do que o solo controle e apresentaram maiores atividades de
hidr?lise do diacetato de fluoresce?na e da desidrogenase do que os solos
contaminados com biodiesel, por?m inferiores ao solo controle quando relacionado
aas atividades enzim?ticas. Solos contaminados com diesel apresentaram maior
n?mero de microrganismos do que os solos com biodiesel e solo controle. O
carbono da biomassa microbiana apresentou comportamento similar ?s atividades
enzim?ticas, sendo que, ao final dos 90 dias, foi maior no solo controle, seguido pelo
solo com diesel e inferior no solo com biodiesel. O quociente metab?lico indicou
maior estresse da microbiota nos solos contaminados com biodiesel em rela??o aos
solos com diesel e solo controle. A fitotoxicidade dos solos contaminados com diesel,
verificada atrav?s da germina??o de sementes, foi aparentemente reduzida em mais
de 80% ap?s 90 dias de incuba??o do solo em rela??o ? toxicidade inicial. A
contamina??o com biodiesel resultou na fitotoxicidade mais elevada no decorrer da
incuba??o. Ao final da incuba??o, houve redu??o de 70% (diesel 5%) e 50% (diesel
10%) na massa dos combust?veis extra?do do solo; nos tratamentos com biodiesel,
as redu??es de massa foram de 61% (biodiesel 5%) e 48% (biodiesel 10%). Ao final
do per?odo de incuba??o dos microcosmos tamb?m foram observadas, atrav?s de
cromatografia gasosa, redu??es nos picos de reten??o, bem como nas ?reas de
componentes dos combust?veis, sugerindo a biodegrada??o. Ap?s os 90 dias de
incuba??o dos solos contaminados foram isoladas 34 bact?rias (24 dos
microcosmos com diesel e 10 dos com biodiesel), das quais 30 apresentaram
capacidade de degradar combust?veis (diesel ou biodiesel). Dentre estas, 18
produziram biossurfactantes, sendo que para 10 isolados a produ??o foi
majoritariamente extracelular e para seis isolados os biossurfactantes
permaneceram associados ?s c?lulas. Al?m da produ??o de biossurfactantes, alguns
dos isolados, principalmente aqueles isolados de solo com diesel, apresentaram
valores de hidrofobicidade celular acima de 40%. Em suma, foi verificado que o solo
utilizado, mesmo sem hist?rico de contamina??o, apresentou microbiota aut?ctone
com capacidade de degradar combust?veis em condi??es de atenua??o natural
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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