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Pour une didactique de la diamésie : revers du recours à la phrase forgée dans l’enseignement (cas de la litote et du passif)
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
7. Etat des lieux sur la sémantique de la préposition par
Get PDFBadreddine Hamma établit à propos de par la doxa telle que répercutée dans le discours lexicographique et les travaux linguistiques de diverses obédiences ; l’évaluation critique de ces descriptions permet, dans un cadre théorique et méthodologique différent, de proposer une hypothèse unitaire pour l’identité de la préposition : le point commun à l’ensemble des énoncés observés est que par introduit un complément dont le référent est inattendu par rapport à toutes les potentialités associées au sujet (Paul est entré dans la pièce par la fenêtre est ainsi plus naturel que Paul est entré dans la pièce par la porte, ce dernier énoncé décrivant la situation prototypique attendue de l’entrée dans une pièce)
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Agent passif en PAR versus Sujet actif : les dessous d’un « contraste »
Get PDFInternational audienceOur study intends to distinguish between two kinds of uses related to the expression of the “agent” in French, either in the form of a passive agent (par N1, in passive voice (=“by N1”)), or an active subject (N0, in active voice). Our examination concerns a corpus of oral data taken from the two data-bases ESLO (University of Orleans) and ICAR (University of Lyon), in which speakers are conversing in a more spontaneous way. Therefore, this study is resorting to enuncitive grammar and macro-syntax, which are going beyond the simple and simplified sentences used in traditional/standard approaches. We’re attempting to better understand the semantic and pragmatic nuances involved in the expression of an idea in a passive statement rather than as an active statement. Our argument has shown that the passive agent involves a certain kind of “contrast" that takes place between potential agents (X) for a given action and the factual “agent” (Y). The speaker dismisses the guessed agent – although seemingly plausible – and validates the “odd” and “improbable” one. This contrastive value could be detected in our corpus through enunciative interactions and several polyphonic, dialogic discourse markers. As a result, we can say that although some active-passive voices are related in terms of semantic and syntactic view, however they belong to two different discursive universes.L’objet de cette étude est de questionner les enjeux discursifs sous-jacents à l’emploi du « complément d’agent » dans une phrase passive, par opposition au « sujet » correspondant dans une phrase active, en vue de vérifier si ces deux constituants phrastiques, qui, certes, entretiennent des rapports légitimes sur les plans sémantique et syntaxique, conservent ou non une certaine continuité sur le plan pragmatique, au-delà des effets de topicalisation résultant du passage d’une phrase active à une phrase passive. L’étude d’un corpus de données orales (ESLO et ICAR) et le recours à une approche macrosyntaxique a permis d’établir le fait que l’agent passif et non le sujet actif donne à voir, du point de vue pragmatique, un certain « contraste », selon lequel l’« agent » désigné Y (dans par N1) est opposé à d’autres agents possibles X paraissant plus vraisemblables que Y : du point de vue de l’énonciateur, l’agent X peut paraître comme plus « évident » et plus « crédible » que celui qu’il consigne comme le « vrai agent » dans son énoncé. L’énoncé au passif avec un agent précis explicite permet ainsi, selon l’énonciateur, de « mettre les points sur les i », de lever une ambigüité éventuelle, pressentie ou constatée chez le co-énonciateur. Cette valeur contrastive dont permet de rendre compte l’agent passif est décelable dans les interactions discursives à travers des marqueurs polyphoniques venant accentuer ce contraste
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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