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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Wealth Paradox for Whom? Child Labor and the Identification of Households Excluded from the Land and the Labor Markets in Madagascar
No full textThe paper aims at identifying households who have their children work more because their access is constrained on the land and the labor markets. Data from the 2005 "Enquête auprès des Ménages" (EPM) collected in Madagascar provide information on the amount of hours worked by each household member along with measures for market imperfections. A simple theoretical model highlights that land should not influence the number of hours of child work when the household can fully access the land or the labor markets. When the access is limited in both markets, land may impact the amount of child work whereas the external wage should not. Using a switching regression model with unknown sample separation to classify households in the two regimes (constrained or not), this paper shows that not belonging to the largest ethnic group at the local level significantly decreases access to the market. The same result holds for religion, thereby highlighting the importance of the informal market. Abstract The paper aims at identifying households who have their children work more because thei
The Wealth Paradox for Whom? Child Labor and the Identification of Households Excluded from the Land and the Labor Markets in Madagascar
No full textThe paper aims at identifying households who have their children work more because their access is constrained on the land and the labor markets. Data from the 2005 "Enquête auprès des Ménages" (EPM) collected in Madagascar provide information on the amount of hours worked by each household member along with measures for market imperfections. A simple theoretical model highlights that land should not influence the number of hours of child work when the household can fully access the land or the labor markets. When the access is limited in both markets, land may impact the amount of child work whereas the external wage should not. Using a switching regression model with unknown sample separation to classify households in the two regimes (constrained or not), this paper shows that not belonging to the largest ethnic group at the local level significantly decreases access to the market. The same result holds for religion, thereby highlighting the importance of the informal market. Abstract The paper aims at identifying households who have their children work more because thei
The Wealth Paradox for Whom? Child Labor and the Identification of Households Excluded from the Land and the Labor Markets in Madagascar
No full textThe paper aims at identifying households who have their children work more because their access is constrained on the land and the labor markets. Data from the 2005 "Enquête auprès des Ménages" (EPM) collected in Madagascar provide information on the amount of hours worked by each household member along with measures for market imperfections. A simple theoretical model highlights that land should not influence the number of hours of child work when the household can fully access the land or the labor markets. When the access is limited in both markets, land may impact the amount of child work whereas the external wage should not. Using a switching regression model with unknown sample separation to classify households in the two regimes (constrained or not), this paper shows that not belonging to the largest ethnic group at the local level significantly decreases access to the market. The same result holds for religion, thereby highlighting the importance of the informal market. Abstract The paper aims at identifying households who have their children work more because thei
Mother's Education and Increased Child Survival in Madagascar: What Can We Say?
No full textThis paper aims to assess whether a causal effect exists between maternal education and child survival in Madagascar. The omission of factors such as mother's health, innate ability and time preferences could lead to an overestimation of the true effect of education. The case of sub-Saharan Africa where child mortality rates are the highest, is overlooked by most of the causal evidence gathered so far for developing countries. The present paper attempts to redress this omission through the adoption of a careful empirical strategy. The analysis sheds light on the mechanisms at stake based on information on hygiene practices, housing conditions and the health care administered before, during and after childbirth. The results demonstrate that mothers' education has a positive and strong effect on their offsprings' survival probabilities. Wealth on its own has a strong effect but seems to account for only a third of the effect of maternal education. Abstract This paper aims to assess whether a causal effect exists between maternal educatio
The Wealth Paradox for Whom? Child Labor and the Identification of Households Excluded from the Land and the Labor Markets in Madagascar
No full textThe paper aims at identifying households who have their children work more because their access is constrained on the land and the labor markets. Data from the 2005 "Enquête auprès des Ménages" (EPM) collected in Madagascar provide information on the amount of hours worked by each household member along with measures for market imperfections. A simple theoretical model highlights that land should not influence the number of hours of child work when the household can fully access the land or the labor markets. When the access is limited in both markets, land may impact the amount of child work whereas the external wage should not. Using a switching regression model with unknown sample separation to classify households in the two regimes (constrained or not), this paper shows that not belonging to the largest ethnic group at the local level significantly decreases access to the market. The same result holds for religion, thereby highlighting the importance of the informal market. Abstract The paper aims at identifying households who have their children work more because thei
Education In Extreme Environments, Does Mother's Education Still Matter?
No full textThis paper looks at child stunting, wasting, underweight and mid-upper arm circumference in the particular context of Internally Displaced Person Camps in Somalia, the country with one of the highest number of IDPs in the world. The focus is on maternal education and two questions are addressed. First, whether the effect of mother education differs inside and outside camps. Second, if the relative advantage of educated mothers over their uneducated counterpart dissipates with time in the camp. Results show a slightly stronger effect of maternal education in the camp for short-to-middle-term health outcomes.The relative advantage of educated mothers increases with time in the camp. In a context of destitution and dependence, the analysis highlights the role played by maternal education not only as a way to improve child health but also as a factor of resilience
Education In Extreme Environments, Does Mother's Education Still Matter?
No full textThis paper looks at child stunting, wasting, underweight and mid-upper arm circumference in the particular context of Internally Displaced Person Camps in Somalia, the country with one of the highest number of IDPs in the world. The focus is on maternal education and two questions are addressed. First, whether the effect of mother education differs inside and outside camps. Second, if the relative advantage of educated mothers over their uneducated counterpart dissipates with time in the camp. Results show a slightly stronger effect of maternal education in the camp for short-to-middle-term health outcomes.The relative advantage of educated mothers increases with time in the camp. In a context of destitution and dependence, the analysis highlights the role played by maternal education not only as a way to improve child health but also as a factor of resilience
Education In Extreme Environments, Does Mother's Education Still Matter?
No full textThis paper looks at child stunting, wasting, underweight and mid-upper arm circumference in the particular context of Internally Displaced Person Camps in Somalia, the country with one of the highest number of IDPs in the world. The focus is on maternal education and two questions are addressed. First, whether the effect of mother education differs inside and outside camps. Second, if the relative advantage of educated mothers over their uneducated counterpart dissipates with time in the camp. Results show a slightly stronger effect of maternal education in the camp for short-to-middle-term health outcomes.The relative advantage of educated mothers increases with time in the camp. In a context of destitution and dependence, the analysis highlights the role played by maternal education not only as a way to improve child health but also as a factor of resilience
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