1,720,960 research outputs found
Loading into Nanoparticles Improves Quercetin’s Efficacy in Preventing Neuroinflammation Induced by Oxysterols
No full textChronic inflammatory events appear to play a fundamental role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related neuropathological changes, and to result in neuronal dysfunction and death. The inflammatory responses observed in the AD brain include activation and proliferation of glial cells, together with up-regulation of inflammatory mediators and of free radicals. Along with glial cells, neurons themselves can also react and contribute to neuroinflammatory changes in the AD brain, by serving as sources of inflammatory mediators. Because excess cholesterol cannot be degraded in the brain, it must be excreted from that organ as cholesterol oxidation products (oxysterols), in order to prevent its accumulation. Among risk factors for this neurodegenerative disease, a mechanistic link between altered cholesterol metabolism and AD has been suggested; oxysterols appear to be the missing linkers between the two, because of their neurotoxic effects. This study shows that 24hydroxycholesterol, 27-hydroxycholesterol, and 7b-hydroxycholesterol, the three oxysterols potentially implicated in AD pathogenesis, induce some pro-inflammatory mediator expression in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, via Toll-like receptor-4/cyclooxygenase-2/membrane bound prostaglandin E synthase (TLR4/COX-2/mPGES-1); this clearly indicates that oxysterols may promote neuroinflammatory changes in AD. To confirm this evidence, cells were incubated with the antiinflammatory flavonoid quercetin; remarkably, its anti-inflammatory effects in SH-SY5Y cells were enhanced when it was loaded into b-cyclodextrin-dodecylcarbonate nanoparticles, versus cells pretreated with free quercetin. The goal of loading quercetin into nanoparticles was to improve its permeation across the blood-brain barrier into the brain, and its bioavailability to reach target cells. The findings show that this drug delivery system might be a new therapeutic strategy for preventing or reducing AD progression.ScopusWo
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Psoriasis Tedavisinde Uygulanmak Üzere Kalsipotrien ve Kortikosteroidi Birlikte İçeren Topikal Taşıyıcı Sistemlerin Geliştirilmesi ve Değerlendirilmesi
No full textBu çalışmada, en yaygın deri hastalıklarından biri olan psoriasisin topikal tedavisinde çok sık kullanılan iki etkin madde olan kalsipotrieni ve klobetazol propionatı aynı sıvağ içinde bir arada içeren, etkin ve stabil bir yarı katı preparatın hazırlanması amaçlanmıştır. Yarı katı sıvağ olarak, hem emülsiyonların hem de jellerin avantajlarına sahip olan emüljel tipi bir sıvağ seçilmiştir. Kalsipotrien ve klobetazol propionatın sulu ortamda geçimsiz olmaları nedeniyle, bu iki etkin madde farklı ilaç taşıyıcı sistemler içinde ayrı ayrı enkapsüle edilmişlerdir. Bu amaçla, Y/S emülsiyon-çözücü buharlaştırma yöntemi kullanılarak klobetazol propionat yüklü PLGA mikropartikülleri hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan mikropartikül formülasyonları üzerinde gerçekleştirilen partikül büyüklüğü ve in vitro etkin madde salım hızı tayini bulguları değerlendirildiğinde, F11 kodlu formül en ideal formül olarak belirlenmiştir. Diğer taraftan, kalsipotrienin 2-HPβCD ile inklüzyon kompleksi hazırlanmıştır. 1:10 molar oranda kompleks hazırlanmasıyla, maddenin çözünürlüğünün önemli ölçüde arttığı bulunmuştur. F11 kodlu mikropartikülleri içeren emüljelden klobetazol propionat çıkışının, etkin maddeyi tek başına içeren emüljelden daha yavaş olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, 24 saat sonunda her iki preparattan çıkan etkin madde miktarı, piyasa preparatına kıyasla daha fazla olmuştur. Benzer sonuçlar, kalsipotrien içeren emüljel için de elde edilmiştir. Kalsipotrieni tek başına içeren emüljelden etkin madde çıkışı piyasa preparatına kıyasla çok daha yüksek olmuştur. Aynı zamanda, inklüzyon kompleksi ile hazırlanan emüljelden etkin madde çıkışı, maddenin çözünürlüğündeki artış nedeniyle, saf etkin maddeyi içeren emüljele göre daha yüksek olmuştur
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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