323,063 research outputs found
Enhanced borohydride oxidation kinetics at gold-rare earth alloys
No full textsponsorship: The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (contract no. 451-03-68/2020-14/200146). The authors would also like to thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for a research grant within project UID/CTM/04540/2013 (G. Backovic), for contract IST-ID/156/2018 (B. Sljukic), and for a research contract in the scope of programmatic funding UIDP/04540/2020 (D.M.F. Santos). (Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia|451-03-68/2020-14/200146, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)|UID/CTM/04540/2013, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)|IST-ID/156/2018, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)|UIDP/04540/2020)status: Publishe
Capsid Assembly and Single Stranded DNA Genome Formation of Adeno-Associated Virus Type2 in Yeast Cells
No full textSaccharomyces cerevisiae has provided an array of genetic tools to study unknown aspects
of viral life cycles, supporting replication of many different RNA or DNA viruses (e.g. Tombusviruses or Papillomaviruses). It also provides means for up-scalable, cost- and time-effective production of various virus-like particles (e.g. Human Parvovirus B19 or Rotavirus) and as such represents a useful tool for vaccine development. To extend the utility of the S. cerevisiae expression system, we expressed AAV2 structural and nonstructural proteins in yeast cells, using both authentic AAV2 and heterologous yeast promoters. For the first time, we described the assembly of AAV2 virus-like particles from yeast-expressed AAV2 structural proteins. To do this we used AAV p40 promoter, whose activity in yeast cells resembled the one of yeast glycolytic promoters, resulting in the synthesis of the most abundant capsid protein VP3 when transformed yeast cells were
grown on glucose as a carbon source. The expression of other two VPs was induced from yeast, galactose inducible pGal1 promoter. Simultaneous production of all three VPs was achieved by growing the yeast cells in the medium containing both glucose and galactose, while their relative production levels were further optimized by varying amounts of each
carbon source in the induction medium, followed by the fine tuning of the induction time.
Moreover, we investigated the ability of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to carry out
the replication of a recombinant rAAV2. When a plasmid harboring the rAAV2 genome in
which the cap gene was replaced with the S. cerevisiae URA3 gene, was co-transformed in
yeast with a plasmid expressing Rep68 from constitutive yeast promoter pADH, a
significant number of URA3+ clones were scored (more than 30-fold over controls).
Molecular analysis of low molecular weight DNA revealed that the single stranded DNA is
formed, in Rep68 and ITR dependent manner, and that the plasmid is entirely replicated.
The ss DNA contained the ITRs, URA3 gene and also vector sequences suggesting that ss
rAAV genomes were not obtained by the canonical AAV replication mechanism.
These results could open new prospects for using yeast cell in two ways: (i) as a model
system for studying viral and cellular factors involved in AAV2 capsid assembly and
packaging of rAAV ss genomes; and (ii) as a novel cell factory for developing superior
recombinant rAAV production technologies
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Measurement of event shape variables in deep-inelastic scattering at HERA
No full textDeep-inelastic ep scattering data taken with the H1 detector at HERA and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 106 pb(-1) are used to study the differential distributions of event shape variables. These include thrust, jet broadening, jet mass and the C-parameter. The four-momentum transfer Q is taken to be the relevant energy scale and ranges between 14 GeV and 200 GeV. The event shape distributions are compared with perturbative QCD predictions, which include resummed contributions and analytical power law corrections, the latter accounting for non-perturbative hadronisation effects. The data clearly exhibit the running of the strong coupling alpha(s)(Q) and are consistent with a universal power correction parameter alpha(0) for all event shape variables. A combined QCD fit using all event shape variables yields alpha(s)(m(Z)) = 0.1198 +/- 0.0013 (+0.0056)(-0.0043) and alpha(0) = 0.476 +/- 0.008 (+0.018)(-0.059)
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No full textCan archives of audiovisual TV interviews be used to make authors more visible to students, and thereby reduce the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers in college classes? We examined students in a college course who learned about one scholar's ideas through watching an audiovisual TV interview (i.e., visible author format) and about another scholar's ideas through reading a formal text description (i.e., invisible author format). For the invisible author, native language speakers scored significantly higher than the non-native language speakers on a corresponding exam question (i.e., a cognitive measure), generated more words on the exam question (i.e., a motivational measure), and mentioned the author's name more often in answering the exam question (i.e., an affective measure). For the visible author, the groups did not differ on any of these measures. These findings provide evidence for the idea that making the author visible through audiovisual TV interviews can eliminate the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers. 3 Universities around the world serve students who are non-native speakers of th
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
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