189,668 research outputs found
Bertolonia angustipetala Bacci & R. Goldenberg
No full text<i>2.</i> <i>Bertolonia angustipetala</i> Bacci & R. Goldenberg (in Bacci <i>et al</i>. 2018: 271). Figures 2b, 4. <p>Herbs ca. 20 cm tall, terrestrial or epiphytic. Stem 2–3 mm wide, rounded, moderately glandulose-punctate (trichomes less than 0.1 mm long). Leaves opposite; petioles 1–2.2 cm long, quadrangular, moderately glandulose-punctate and sparsely glandulose-pilose (trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long); blades 3.9–8 × 1.8–3.7 cm, flat, elliptic, base rounded to shortly attenuate, apex acute, margins entire, sparsely ciliate, adaxial surface dark green, sparsely glandulose-punctate (trichomes less than 0.1 mm long, brownish), abaxial surface vinaceous, sparsely to moderately glandulose-punctate (trichomes less than 0.1 mm long, brownish), main veins 3, plus two pairs that do not reach the leaf apex, basal. Inflorescences terminal, 6–17 cm long (6.3–8.7 cm long in infructescences), branches sparsely to densely glandulosepunctate, sparsely glandulose-punctate when old. Bracts not seen; bracteoles ca. 1 mm long, narrow-lanceolate, apex acute, both surfaces glandulose-punctate. Hypanthium 4–5 × 3.5–4 mm, short-terete, glandulose-punctate and glandulose-villose. Sepals elliptic, apex rounded to acute, margins entire, ciliate, both surfaces glandulose-punctate and glandulose-villose. Petals 7–8.5 × 1.5–2 mm, light pink, linear-lanceolate, base slightly uncinate, apex apiculate, the apiculum ca. 1 mm long, with a caducous gland head, margins entire, eciliate, both surfaces papillose, otherwise glabrous. Stamens 7–8 mm long; filaments 3.5–4 mm long; anthers 3.5–4 mm long, cream colored, oblong-subulate, surface smooth undulate, pore rounded, non-thickened margins, introrse; connective shortly prolonged (ca. 0.5 mm), unappendaged. Style 5–7 mm long, straight or curved at the apex, glabrous. Fruits ca. 0.6 × 0.8 cm. Seeds reniform.</p> <p> <b>Examined material:</b> — BRAZIL. Bahia: Wenceslau Guimarães, <i>Bacci 26</i> 7 (UEC!); <i>Goldenberg 20</i> 77 (HURB!, UPCB!); <i>Jardim, J.G. 5040</i> (CEPEC!, NY, UPCB!).</p> <p> <b>Conservation Status:</b> <i>— Bertolonia angustipetala</i> has an EOO of 0.010 km ² and AOO of 0.035 km ², and should be classified as “Critically Endangered” (CR), following IUCN (2017) categories. This species has been collected only three times within the “Estação Ecológica Estadual Wenceslau Guimarães”.</p> <p> <b>Notes:</b> — <i>Bertolonia angustipetala</i> is endemic to Bahia, occurring in montane rainforests (Fig. 3b). Collected with flowers in December and fruits in May and December. <i>Bertolonia angustipetala</i> is characterized by the small (3.9–8 × 1.8–3.7 cm) and elliptic leaf blades, these sparsely glandulose-punctate, and linear-lanceolate and apiculate petals. It shares with <i>Bertolonia cuspidata</i> Bacci & Amorim in Bacci <i>et al</i>. (2018: 772) the membranaceous, glandulosepunctate leaf blades with entire margins. However, <i>Bertolonia angustipetala</i> differs by the smaller leaf blades (3.9–8 × 1.8–3.7 cm) with an acute apex (<i>vs.</i> bigger leaf blades,7.3–12.2 × 3.9–6 cm, with a cuspidate apex in <i>B. cuspidata</i>) and linear-lanceolate petals (<i>vs.</i> elliptic or obovate petals; Bacci <i>et al</i>. 2018). For more details, see notes under <i>B. angustipetala</i> in Bacci <i>et al</i>. (2018) and Table 1.</p>Published as part of <i>Bisewski, Gessica C. A., Bacci, Lucas F., Amorim, André M. & Goldenberg, Renato, 2022, The Genus Bertolonia (Melastomataceae) In The State Of Bahia, Brazil, pp. 153-183 in Phytotaxa 548 (2)</i> on pages 160-161, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.548.2.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6597678">http://zenodo.org/record/6597678</a>
Start-up/Shut-Down MINLP Formulations for the Unit Commitment with Ramp Constraints
No full textIn [1 the first MIP exact formulation was provided that describes the convex hull of the solutions satisfying all the standard operational constraints for the thermal units: minimum up- and down-time, minimum and maximum power output, ramp (including start-up and shut-down) limits, general history-dependent start-up costs, and nonlinear convex power production costs. That formulation contains a polynomial, but large, number of variables and constraints. We present two new formulations with fewer variables defined on the shut-down period and computationally test the trade-off between reduced size and possibly weaker bounds.
[1] Bacci,T.,Frangioni,A.,Gentile,C.,Tavlaridis-Gyparakis,K.:NewMINLPformulationsfor the single-unit commitment problems with ramping constraints. http://www.optimization- online.org/DB HTML/2019/10/7426.html, submitted (2019
Livi-Bacci Massimo — La dinamica demografica delle regioni italiane
No full textC A. Livi-Bacci Massimo — La dinamica demografica delle regioni italiane. In: Population, 21ᵉ année, n°1, 1966. p. 162
Livi-Bacci (Massimo) — A Concise History of World Population
No full textLeridon Henri. Livi-Bacci (Massimo) — A Concise History of World Population. In: Population, 52ᵉ année, n°5, 1997. p. 1253
Livi-Bacci Massimo — La dinamica demografica delle regioni italiane
No full textC A. Livi-Bacci Massimo — La dinamica demografica delle regioni italiane. In: Population, 21ᵉ année, n°1, 1966. p. 162
Livi Bacci M. — La population dans l'histoire de l'Europe
No full textChesnais Jean-Claude. Livi Bacci M. — La population dans l'histoire de l'Europe. In: Population, 54ᵉ année, n°6, 1999. p. 1045
Livi Bacci M. — La population dans l'histoire de l'Europe
No full textChesnais Jean-Claude. Livi Bacci M. — La population dans l'histoire de l'Europe. In: Population, 54ᵉ année, n°6, 1999. p. 1045
Mycocepurus castrator Rabeling & Bacci, sp.n.
No full text<p>Mycocepurus castrator Rabeling & Bacci, sp.n.</p> <p>(Figs 1A, C, E, G; 2A, C, E, G)</p> <p>Holotype, ♀, BRAZIL: São Paulo, Rio Claro, Campus of São Paulo State University (UNESP), 22.3955º S, 047.5424ºW, elevation 608 m, 29.ix.2006, C. Rabeling acc. no. CR 060929 - 14, ex Mycocepurus goeldii nest. Holotype deposited at MZSP. Measurements (in millimetres): HW 0.6, HL 0.64, SL 0.76, WL 1.07, PPW 0.62, PW 0.21, PL 0.24, PPL 0.19, CI 94, SI 127.</p> <p>Paratypes, 104 ♀, 78 ♂, BRAZIL: same nest as holotype, 29.ix.2006 - 02.x.2006, col. C. Rabeling. Paratypes deposited at: AMNH, BMEL, CRC, MCZC, MZSP, UCDC, USNM.</p> <p>Holotype, ♀ (queen). Diagnosis. Small species (WL 1.07) with a unique morphology reflecting the parasitic life history. In full face view, head rectangular (CI 94); sides approximately parallel, slightly tapering above mandibular insertions; head widest directly above the eyes; posterior margin of the head heart shaped, with a slight but distinct median concavity; posterolateral corners rounded, in lateral view drawn out to form a short, rounded lobe forming the ventrolateral corner of the head. Antennae with 11 segments; antennal scapes extremely long (SL 0.76), surpassing the posterior margin of the head by nearly half their length (SI 127). In full face view, frontal carinae and antennal scrobes absent. Frontal lobes small and rounded, barely covering the antennal sockets in frontal view. Median triangular portion of clypeus raised</p> <p>between the antennal insertions. Mandibles reduced, narrow, elongate, blade-like terminating in a pointed tooth; otherwise lacking teeth except for a small basal denticle. Maxillary palps reduced, with only three segments, labial palps with two segments. Ocelli slightly raised above the surface of vertex. Mesosoma with characteristic morphology related to wing bearing. Pronotal spines absent; propodeal spines well developed, stout, as wide as long at the base and sharply pointed; metapleural gland orifice very large and circular in oblique view, ventral margin forming small, vertical tooth. Petiole with a short peduncle; node triangular in side view, with sharp crest terminating in two thick pointed teeth. In dorsal view, postpetiole approximately 3× as wide as long (PPL 0.19, PPW 0.62); lateral borders tapering into pointed angles; translucent area near posterior margin forming broad u-shaped invagination. First gastric tergite strikingly concave in lateral view. Entire body surface more or less smooth and shiny, in most areas with hexagonal microsculpture resembling a honeycomb. Body sparsely covered with stiff setae; setae erect on vertex and frontal lobes, sub-decumbent on mesoscutum and scutellum, and appressed on postpetiole and metasoma. Wings infuscated with reduced venation, densely covered with setae; clear spot or fenestra in apical part of forewing absent; rsf1 faint, hardly visible. Colour: light to dark reddishbrown. - Paratype ♀♀. Measurements (n = 15). HW 0.6-0.65, HL 0.63-0.64, SL 0.73-0.8, WL 1.07-1.23, PPW 0.62-0.65, PW 0.21-0.25, PL 0.24-0.28, PPL 0.18-0.2, CI 94-104, SI 115-128.</p> <p>Paratype ♂♂ (males). Diagnosis. Remarkably similar to female, not resembling any other Mycocepurus male; characters as in female diagnosis with the following exceptions: head size of males smaller (HL 0.58-0.6, HW 0.58-0.6), whereas body length similar (WL 1.1-1.2). Mandibles reduced, narrow, elongate, blade-like, which do not terminate in a pointed tooth; otherwise lacking any teeth or denticles. Number of antennal segments reduced to 11; funicular segments approximately as long as broad, slowly increasing in length towards apex to 1.5× their width, only apical segment 5× as long as wide. Mesosoma lower and narrower; tiny opening present at the metapleuron, corresponding to the position of a metapleural gland opening in the female. First gastric tergite flat to slightly concave; male genitalia projecting forward from tip of metasoma. Basal apodeme lobed, separated from aedeagus by a deep constriction; ventral border lacking serration. Wing colour: medium to dark brown. Measurements (n = 15). HW 0.58-0.6, HL 0.58-0.6, SL 0.73-0.75, WL 1.1-1.2, PPW 0.63-0.65, PW 0.23-0.3, PL 0.25-0.28, PPL 0.18-0.2, CI 96-104, SI 121-126.</p> <p>© 2010 The Authors Journal compilation © 2010 The Royal Entomological Society, Systematic Entomology, 35, 379-392</p> <p>© 2010 The Authors</p> <p>Journal compilation © 2010 The Royal Entomological Society, Systematic Entomology, 35, 379-392</p> <p>© 2010 The Authors Journal compilation © 2010 The Royal Entomological Society, Systematic Entomology, 35, 379-392</p> <p>Worker. The worker caste is unknown and probably nonexistent.</p> <p>Additional material examined. BRAZIL: Sa˜o Paulo, Rio Claro, Campus of São Paulo State University (UNESP), 22.3955◦S, 047.5424◦W, elevation 608 m, 03.x.2008, C. Rabeling acc. no. CR 081003 -01, CR 081003 -02, CR 081003 -03, CR 081003 -04, CR 081003 -05; ex Mycocepurus goeldii nest.</p> <p>Comments. Mycocepurus castrator is an obligate, workerless social parasite of M. goeldii and is so far known only from Rio Claro, Sa˜o Paulo State, Brazil. Mycocepurus castrator occurs sympatrically with M. smithii and M. obsoletus, but cannot be confounded with any other Mycocepurus species because of its multiple morphological adaptations for a parasitic lifestyle (Table 3). Mycocepurus castrator can be recognized by the following characteristics: (i) the long antennal scapes surpassing the posterior margin of the head by half their length; (ii) reduced, blade-like mandibles lacking dentition of masticatory margin; (iii) concave shape of first gastric tergite; (iv) smooth and shiny body sculpture with hexagonal microsculpture; (v) reduced palpal formula (3,2); (vi) females and males with 11 antennal segments; (vii) males lacking serrated ventral border of aedeagus; (viii) absence of clear fenestra from forewings of queens and males; (ix) worker caste presumably absent; (x) metapleural gland orifice enlarged in females, and potentially present in males. Mycocepurus castrator males and females look extremely similar to each other, and males are distinguished most easily from the females by the genitalia protruding from the tip of the metasoma and their darker brown colour (vs reddish brown in the queens).</p> <p>Etymology. During collections of M. castrator, the host colonies were not observed to produce any alate queens and males, although sympatrically nesting M. goeldii colonies released alates. Therefore, we assume that the inquiline inhibits the host queens ' production of sexual offspring, allowing only for the production of the sterile worker caste. This is essentially ‘social castration ', hence the specific name ‘ castrator '.</p> <p>Host species. Mycocepurus castrator has been found only in nests of M. goeldii and is so far only known from the type locality (Rio Claro, SP). Mycocepurus goeldii is a conspicuous, widely distributed species ranging approximately from the 40th to the 67th meridian west and from the 2nd to the 31st latitude south, an area covering most of Brazil, parts of Bolivia, Paraguay and northern Argentina. The range of habitats occupied by M. goeldii is remarkably diverse and ranges from Amazon rainforest, savannahs (Cerrado) to the fertile South American lowlands (Pampas), and secondary habitats disturbed by human activities. It does not occur in elevated sites of the South American Cordilleras. Mycocepurus goeldii workers can be distinguished clearly from its congeners based on the size and spine pattern of the mesosoma: it is the largest species in the genus and has the most complete set of spine pairs on the mesosoma (Kempf, 1963: figs 2, 3). The natural history of this species has been studied near Sa˜o Paulo City (Luederwaldt, 1918, 1926) and in the Manaus region of the Amazon Basin (Rabeling et al., 2007b), but these studies do not report the presence of a social parasite attacking M. goeldii. Like most inquilines for which we have data, M. castrator probably has a patchy and locally restricted distribution. In addition, it is probable that M. castrator is host specific, occurring only in nests of M. goeldii. Despite extensive excavation of nests of sympatrically occurring Mycocepurus species, the parasite was never encountered in the nests of M. smithii (Rabeling et al., 2009) or any other Mycocepurus species in Latin America (Rabeling, unpublished).</p> <p>Natural history and nest biology. Mycocepurus castrator has been found twice in adjacent nests of M. goeldii. The two host nests had five and eight chambers, respectively, which were distributed between 5 and 190 cm depth (Table 1). The colony studied in 2006 contained 105 alate queens and 78 alate males of M. castrator, and 771 workers of M. goeldii (Table 1). Dealate queens of either species could not be encountered, suggesting that the queenright chamber was either missed during the excavation or that the queens escaped into adjacent tunnels.</p> <p>The 2008 colony contained 15 dealate and 66 alate M. castrator queens, only six alate males, 1034 M. goeldii workers, a single dealate M. goeldii queen and worker pupae (Table 1). The parasite 's numerical male/female sex ratio was strongly female biased (6/66 = 0.09). Twelve of the 15 dealate M. castrator queens were encountered in the same fungus garden chamber as the reproductively active female of M. goeldii. Thus, M. castrator is host-queen tolerant (Table 1). The other three dealate M. castrator queens were found together in a separate fungus chamber (chamber 1; Table 1). The 12 queens encountered with the M. goeldii queen showed different reproductive activities: three were active egg layers, showing developed ovaries, yellow bodies and sperm-filled spermathecae. Thus, the parasite can be polygynous. In contrast, the remaining nine queens were prereproductive with filled spermathecae, but the ovaries were still developing, and yellow bodies were absent. The three dealate queens from chamber 1 were also prereproductive. The single M. goeldii queen was reproductively active.</p> <p>The unparasitized M. goeldii colony studied in 2008 contained a single reproductively active queen, 33 alate queens,</p> <p>Entomology, 35, 379-392</p> <p>© 2010 The Authors</p> <p>Journal compilation © 2010 The Royal Entomological Society, Systematic Entomology, 35, 379-392</p> <p>All four species originated independently, but evolved similar traits convergently, allowing for classifying them as incipient and evolutionarily derived social parasites. A second, hitherto undescribed Pseudoatta species is not considered in this table, because only few morphological characteristics are described in the literature (Delabie et al., 1993; see also Schultz et al., 1998). Some life history information summarized here is derived only from single observations or stems from indirect evidence, and therefore should be considered tentative.</p> <p>Numbered references in this table refer to the following sources (please see reference list for complete citations): [1] Schultz et al. (1998); [2] Souza et al. (2007); [3] this study; [4] S.H. Yek & U.G. Mueller (personal communication); [5] Rabeling (personal observation); [6] Bekkevold & Boomsma (2000); [7] Gallardo (1929); [8] Bruch (1928); [9] Gallardo (1916); [10] Della Lucia & Vilela (1986); [11] Delabie (1989); [12] Bekkevold et al. (1999); [13] Rabeling et al. (2007b); [14] Kusnezov (1951); [15] Kusnezov (1954); [16] J. J. Boomsma & V. Nehring (personal communication); [17] T.R. Schultz (personal communication).</p> <p>496 workers and no males (Table 2). During the excavation, males and queens were leaving the maternal colony for their nuptial flight, which started on 7 October.</p> <p>A natural history study of M. goeldii in the Amazon Basin (Rabeling et al., 2007b) showed that some colonies had a single queen, whereas others were occupied by as many as four queens. Dissection of eight individuals from three separate colonies revealed that all of them were inseminated and had fully developed ovaries, demonstrating that these colonies were functionally polygynous.</p> <p>The observations on nesting biology and colony counts suggest that M. castrator is polygynous, host tolerant and allows for the production of sterile M. goeldii workers, whereas the production of host sexual offspring is suppressed in the presence of the parasite. The host, M. goeldii, appears to be monogynous in the Rio Claro population, but both mono- and polygynous colonies co-occur in the Brazilian Amazon.</p> <p>Behaviour. In the late afternoon of 29 September 2006, M. castrator was discovered when 31 queens and a single male left the host colony to aggregate on the nest mound. The dispersal activity was interrupted by rain, but continued on 2 October, when 24 queens and 72 males emerged. No further behavioural observations were made that year.</p> <p>In 2008, M. goeldii colonies were excavated at the end of the dry season in order to study parasitized colonies before the nuptial flight. An approaching mating flight is easily identified in M. goeldii colonies, because the workers increase the number of nest entrances per soil mound to maximally 30 entrances, giving the nest mound a sponge-like appearance (Rabeling et al., 2009). Until 3 October, when a M. goeldii colony parasitized by M. castrator was encountered, the M. goeldii workers did not modify the nest mounds for mating flights. Upon excavating the parasitized colony, all individuals from a total of five nest chambers were transferred to artificial nest chambers for behavioural studies.</p> <p>Parasite mating behaviour. As soon as the uppermost chamber(CR 081003 -01, Table 1) was opened during excavation, and the ants were transferred to the artificial nest chambers, M. castrator males started copulating with M. castrator females inside the artificial chamber (M. goeldii alates from an adjacent nest, placed into a laboratory nest, were never observed to copulate). During this time of ongoing mating activities, females and males ran erratically in jerky movements, and males mounted females seemingly at random. Observed copulations lasted between 18 and 27 s (n = 4). Single males attempted to copulate more than once. It is unknown whether repeated copulations resulted in successful transfer of sperm. Within 3 h after transfer to the artificial nest, three queens shed their wings, and subsequent dissections demonstrated that these females had been inseminated. However, their ovaries were still developing (i.e. ripe oocytes and yellow bodies were absent), indicating recent insemination (note: queens were preserved for dissection2 weeks after copulation). Postcopulatory females did not tolerate mating attempts of males, and walked faster to outdistance their pursuer. After copulation, and wing shedding,</p> <p>the recently mated queens gathered and engaged in allogrooming, frequently licked each others meso- and metasomas, and wings for extensive periods of time. The first dead males were found 12 h after the mating event. Alates from other chambers did not copulate after transfer to the artificial nest. Potentially, the individuals in the topmost chamber were anticipating the upcoming nuptial flight and the opening of their nest chamber triggered the mating behaviour.</p> <p>Host worker -parasite interactions. Host workers and parasite alates frequently antennated and interacted nonaggressively. Mycocepurus castrator alates did not require grooming by host workers because individuals cleaned themselves (i.e. licking appendages, cleaning antennae), and females groomed each other. Dealate M. castrator queens groomed M. goeldii workers, and were groomed by them also. On several occasions, M. goeldii workers licked the tip of a M. castrator metasoma for several minutes; it is not clear if the workers removed fecal droplets, or M. castrator queens laid either fertile or trophic eggs. Mycocepurus goeldii workers fed the parasite queens via trophallaxis. To be fed, M. castrator females frequently climbed onto the host workers ' backs, antennated the host 's antennae and head, until it bent its head backwards, regurgitated liquid, which was then consumed by the parasite. In addition to being fed, M. castrator males and females actively licked the fungus garden.</p> <p>Three days after insemination, the host workers aggressively attacked one dealate queen from the topmost chamber (CR 081003 -01); six to eight workers secured her by the antennae, legs, head and petiole, until she died. Approximately 24 h after her death, three workers continued to carry around her corpse in the nest chamber. Six days after insemination, the host workers had attacked and killed several M. castrator queens, and had placed them on the refuse dump. Three dealate queens remained unmolested by hiding together in the fungus garden.</p> <p>Host queen -parasite interactions. To observe the interactions between the host queen and the dealate M. castrator queens (n = 12), we placed the queens in a smaller nest chamber, after M. goeldii workers had arranged the fungus garden. The M. castrator queens were much more agile than the M. goeldii queen and initially walked around the nest chamber until they encountered a suitable spot; there they aggregated and started licking each other. When first placed in the chamber, the M. goeldii queen crawled under an adjacent piece of fungus garden and remained motionless; a worker then picked her up by the metasoma and moved the queen to a different position. During the carrying, the M. goeldii queen remained motionless. After several minutes, one M. castrator queen left the aggregation, ‘searching ' for the M. goeldii queen. When the host queen was encountered, she was surrounded by host workers antennating her. Regardless, the parasite climbed on the host queen 's back (Fig. 3), and started licking her mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole and metasoma. Shortly afterwards, a second M. castrator queen joined the first; the M. goeldii queen continued to remain motionless. The remaining M. castrator queens eventually joined the grooming cluster, and alternated grooming themselves by pulling their legs and antennae through the tibio-tarsal cleaning apparatus of the foreleg, with grooming the host queen. When the first M. castrator queen climbed on the host queen 's back, the attending workers left and resumed fungus-gardening activities. They did not react aggressively to the parasite queens and often returned to antennate and to feed the host queen via trophallaxis. Once a worker carried the host queen to a different part of the fungus garden, and a M. castrator queen rode on her back during the location, licking her, and was not chased away. Either workers or M. castrator queens attended the host queen for most of time. Rarely and then for very short periods of time, she sat by herself. The M. castrator queens attempted constantly to climb on the backs of either other M. castrator queens, the host queen or host workers.</p> <p>Introduction of parasite queen into a field colony. Tw o inseminated M. castrator queens from the topmost chamber (CR 081003 -01) were introduced to a M. goeldii colony, which opened its nest mound in preparation for the nuptial flight the previous day. The M. castrator queen was placed next to the nest mound. After orienting briefly, she immediately walked towards one of the entrance holes, and within a few seconds she disappeared into one of the entrances. The M. goeldii workers, which guarded the entrances, were not seen to attack, catch or struggle with the invading parasite. After 3 h the observation was stopped, and until then, M. goeldii workers had not expelled the M. castrator queen.</p> <p>A second parasite queen was placed next to a M. goeldii colony, which had closed the supernumerary nest entrances after the nuptial flight. In contrast, the parasite did not start searching for the nest entrance and we repeatedly (five times) placed her on the side of the nest mound before she finally, perhaps by chance, walked over the nest entrance. When crossing the entrance, M. goeldii workers attacked the parasite immediately. We collected the parasite queen and a dissection identified her as recently inseminated with developing ovaries.</p> <p>Introduction of parasite queen into a laboratory colony. To observe how M. castrator queens invade a M. goeldii colony, we maintained a nonparasitized M. goeldii colony in the laboratory. Upon transfer to the artificial nest, M. goeldii workers immediately covered the host queen with mycelial tufts, until she was completely hidden some 5 min later. To introduce the parasite queen, she was placed in a tube, which was connected to the fungus chamber. Quickly, she found her way out, headed directly towards the fungus garden, and immediately encountered the host queen. Then she started running in circles on the piece of fungus garden, under which the host queen was hidden. At that point, the host workers started chasing her, until one worker got hold of her petiole, and a second worker grabbed an antenna. The trio remained motionless for a
Atlas Of Pediatric Ocular Oncology
No full textThis atlas-book was conceived in the dark evenings during the Covid pandemic to keep the
mind busy, not only mine but also the young residents of our clinic.
The images that enrich each chapter are part of a life of over 30 years dedicated to ocular
oncology, mainly of the pediatric age.
A passion and commitment transmitted by my mentor Prof. Frezzotti who treated the first
retinoblastoma in 1959.
So here, I find myself collecting the most significant images of hundreds of clinical cases
faced, diagnosed and treated over the years.
Retinoblastoma is obviously the largest part of this atlas due to the over 900 cases observed
and treated in Siena.
It took almost 3 years...because unfortunately the time left to write, study and publish is
the evening hours after long and tiring days of clinical care activities.
My long friendship, collaboration and growth together with Paolo Galluzzi has allowed us
to add to each chapter MRI notions useful in the differential diagnosis of various pathologies.
My friend Rana’a helped correct some chapters and give his contribution on ocular mela-
noma in pediatric age.
Good friends and colleagues have been added among the collaborators for sending unu-
sual and rare cases.
I thank Tero Kivela, Sonia De Francesco, Tommaso Bacci, Marco Mazza, Mattia Pasti,
Alfonso Cerase, Lucia Monti, Mario Fruschelli and Cristina Menicacci for their precious
contributions.
An affectionate thought goes to all the young residents who, with great enthusiasm, em-
braced the topics assigned to them and carried out the various chapters with curiosity and
interest.
The drawings were all done by the talented resident Dimitris Pollalis who gave a truly
artistic touch to this atlas.
This book is dedicated to all ophthalmologists, of all ages, who are passionate, curious and
fascinated by their work with the hope that the hundreds of images can help to recognize
unusual and complex cases
- …
