102,665 research outputs found
Structural study of zeolite X exchanged with ‘f’ transition elements. I. Crystal structure of reference hydrated NaX
No full textStructural study of zeolite X exchanged with ‘f’ transition elements. II. Crystal structure of hydrated Gd27Na7[88] zeolite X
No full textThe morphological role of ligand inhibitors in blocking receptor- and clathrin-mediated endocytosis
No full textCells often internalize particles through endocytic pathways that involve the binding between cell receptors and particle ligands, which drives the cell membrane to wrap the particle into a delivery vesicle. Previous findings showed that receptor-mediated endocytosis is impossible for spherical particles smaller than a minimum size because of the energy barrier created by membrane bending. In this study, we investigate the morphological role of ligand inhibitors in blocking endocytosis, inspired by antibodies that inhibit virus ligands to prevent infection. While ligand inhibitors have the obvious effect of reducing the driving force due to adhesion, they also have a nontrivial (morphological) impact on the entropic and elastic energy of the system. We determine the necessary conditions for endocytosis by considering the additional energy barrier due to the membrane bending to wrap the inhibiting protrusions. We find that inhibitors increase the minimum radius previously reported, depending on their density and size. In addition, we extend this result to the case of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which is the most common pathway for virus entry. The assembly of a clathrin coat with a spontaneous curvature increases the energy barrier and sets a maximum particle size (in agreement with experimental observations on spherical particles). Our investigation suggests that morphological considerations can inform the optimal design of neutralizing viral antibodies and new strategies for targeted nanomedicine
Genotipizzazione di accessioni di Malvasia a Bacca nera, rosa e bianca
No full textUn gruppo di venticinque genotipi di “Malvasia” a diverso colore della bacca e provenienti da differenti regioni d’Italia, è stato caratterizzato studiando il polimorfismo di 10 loci microsatelliti, tra cui i sei loci indicati nell’ambito del EU-project GENRES CT96 No 81, e delle caratteristiche ampelografiche della foglia adulta.
Con l’analisi dei polimorfismi dei microsatelliti è stato possibile individuare 4 seguenti gruppi varietali: gruppo A costituito da 6 accessioni di “Malvasia bianca lunga” di cui due cloni omologati (“Cenaia-2” e “MBD-F7-A2-11”); gruppo B “Malvasie nera di Lecce” comprendente 4 cloni omologati (“U.S. FI-PI 1”, “U.S. FI-PI 4 NP”, “U.S. FI-PI 7”, “MN-N 6”) e due biotipi recuperati nella zona DOC “Montecucco” (GR); gruppo C “Malvasia nera di Brindisi” comprendente il clone “UBA 69/34 EM” e due biotipi reperiti rispettivamente in Toscana (GR) e Sardegna (CA); gruppo D a bacca aromatica composto da due biotipi di “Malvasia di Candia aromatica” ed uno di “Malvasia rosa”. Infine altre 6 accessioni di “Malvasia”, a bacca bianca e a bacca nera di provenienza diversa, sono apparse tra loro geneticamente disomogenee, e tra queste vi sono la “Malvasia di Candia”, la “Malvasia Istriana” e una “Malvasia” proveniente dalle Isole Canarie, identificata come “Malvasia di Lanzarote”.
I risultati delle indagini molecolari evidenziano che la “Malvasia nera di Lecce” (in questo lavoro rappresentata dai cloni omologati in Toscana) è un vitigno differente dalla “Malvasia nera di Brindisi” (rappresentato dal clone “UBA 69/34 EM”), pur condividendo un elevato numero di alleli (ma non tutti) nei loci microsatelliti esaminati. Inoltre, in tutti i 10 loci microsatelliti esaminati la “Malvasia bianca lunga” condivide un allele con la “Malvasia nera di Brindisi” facendo presupporre un’eventuale relazione di parentela.
L’analisi delle caratteristiche ampelografiche della foglia adulta di alcune accessioni appartenenti ai principali gruppi di “Malvasia” individuati confermano i risultati delle indagini molecolari
Sobre tres ejercicios literario-filosóficos de moral desde el prisma de Juan David García Bacca
No full textEn el presente artículo se pretende exponer una pequeña aproximación crítica en torno a la noción de moral, según lo expuesto en una obra de uno de los más desconocidos y desatendidos filósofos del exilio Español, Juan David García Bacca. A través del análisis de tres ejercicios de literatura, G. Bacca pretende exponer qué es eso de Bien y de Mal y su relación con la moral cristiana, siempre siguiendo una posición esencialmente crítica
FIGURES 23–31 in Three new species of Baetodes Needham & Murphy (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Colombia
No full textFIGURES 23–31. Baetodes pseudospinae sp. nov. (23) labrum; (24) left mandible; (25) right mandible; (26) maxilla; (27) hypopharynx; (28) tarsal claw; (29) foreleg; (30) forefemora, detail of dorsal margin; (31) labium.Published as part of Salinas, Luis G., Dias, Lucimar G., Salles, Frederico F. & Bacca, Tito, 2011, Three new species of Baetodes Needham & Murphy (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Colombia, pp. 61-68 in Zootaxa 3110 on page 67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20741
Genotipizzazione di accessioni di “Malvasia” e di vitigni “Malvasia simili” a bacca nera, rosa e bianca (Genotype characterisation of white, rose and red grape grapes Malvasia accessions)
No full textUn gruppo di venticinque genotipi di Malvasia a diverso colore della bacca e provenienti da differenti regioni d’Italia, è stato caratterizzato studiando il polimorfismo di 10 loci microsatelliti, tra cui i sei loci indicati nell’ambito del EU-project GENRES CT96 No 81, e delle caratteristiche ampelografiche della foglia adulta.
Con l’analisi dei polimorfismi dei microsatelliti è stato possibile individuare 4 seguenti gruppi varietali: gruppo A costituito da 6 accessioni di Malvasia bianca lunga di cui due cloni omologati (Cenaia-2, MBD-F7-A2-11); gruppo B Malvasia nera di Lecce comprendente 4 cloni omologati (U.S. FI-PI 1, U.S. FI-PI 4 NP, U.S. FI-PI 7, MN-N 6) e due biotipi recuperati nella zona DOC Montecucco (GR); gruppo C Malvasia nera di Brindisi comprendente il clone UBA 69/34 EM e due biotipi reperiti rispettivamente in Toscana (GR) e Sardegna (CA); gruppo D a bacca aromatica composto da due biotipi di Malvasia di Candia aromatica ed uno di Malvasia rosa. Infine altre 6 accessioni di Malvasia, a bacca bianca e a bacca nera di provenienza diversa, sono apparse tra loro geneticamente disomogenee, e tra queste vi sono la Malvasia bianca di Candia, la Malvasia Istriana e una Malvasia proveniente dalle Isole Canarie e identificata come Malvasia di Lanzarote.
I risultati delle indagini molecolari evidenziano che la Malvasia nera di Lecce (in questo lavoro rappresentata dai cloni omologati in Toscana) è un vitigno differente dalla Malvasia nera di Brindisi (rappresentato dal clone UBA 69/34 EM), pur condividendo un elevato numero di alleli nei loci microsatelliti esaminati. Inoltre, in tutti i 10 loci microsatelliti esaminati la Malvasia bianca lunga condivide un allele con la Malvasia nera di Brindisi facendo presupporre un’eventuale relazione di parentela.
L’analisi delle caratteristiche ampelografiche della foglia adulta di alcune accessioni appartenenti ai principali gruppi di Malvasia individuati confermano i risultati delle indagini molecolari
Elytrogona bacca Boheman 1850
No full textElytrogona bacca Boheman Figs. 3, 8, 15 Elytrogona bacca Boheman, 1850: 441 [description]; Boheman, 1854: 25 [description]; Boheman, 1862: 193 [list]; Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3638 [catalog]; Spaeth, 1914: 51 [catalog]; Blackwelder, 1946: 743 [checklist]. Elytrogona corallina: Gemminger and Harold, 1876: 3638 [nomen nudum, cited as ‘‘Mannerheim, in litt. ’’]. Elytrogona baccha: Leng and Mutchler, 1817: 458 [misspelling]; Blackwelder, 1946: 743 [checklist; incorrectly cited as a synonym of E. bacca]. Diagnosis. The elytra are reddish brown and lack any maculation as in the other species. Description. Length 7.4–9.9 mm; width 5.6–9.0 mm. Dorsum reddishbrown. Head, ventral surface and legs reddishbrown, antenna yellow. Pronotum edges smooth and hemispherical, posterior edge blackish; faint median groove; anterior margin straightish over head; prosternal collar welldefined, protuberant; prosternal process slightly inflated posteriorly with shallow anterior groove; posterior margin not projected at scutellum. Scutellum visible externally, shiny and smooth. Elytral base not broader than pronotum; anterior margin blackish; suture flat; explanate margins narrow and tapered posteriorly; punctation (Fig. 3) similar on disc and explanate margins. Metasternum 3 times wider than long, distorted and concave. Spermathecal duct short, with 2–6 coils. Type. Lectotype and one paralectotype, designated by Borowiec (1999). Locality label: ‘‘Domingo,’’ Naturhistoriska Riksmusset, Stockholm, Sweden. Specimens Examined. Lectotype and paralectotype, and eighty one specimens (males and females), with the following label data: HAITI: coll. E. C. & G. M. Leonard (2, USNM); Gonaive Is. (3, USNM); Gonaives Is., August, coll. Eyerdam (8, MCZC); St. Marc, 10 March 1925 (1, USNM); Ennery, Ennery River, 1,000̍, 14 July 1956, coll. B. & B. Valentine (1, SMCC); 10 mi SE Gonaives, 11 July 1956 (1, SMCC); Chatard, Dept. du Nord, 21 May 1959, coll. M. W. Sanderson (10, INHS); Port au Prince (9, FMNH; 4, MMUE; 1, USNM); Port au Prince, coll. Ehrenberg, (MNHUB); Port au Prince, 1–10 May 1908, coll. M. Cameron (1, BMNH); Hinche, July, coll Eyerdam (1, MCZC); Marmelade, 14 May, coll. E. C. Leonard (1, USNM); St. Michel, December 1925, coll. E. C. Leonard (1, USNM); Jean Rabel, February 1929, coll. E. C. & G. M. Leonard (1, USNM); Reidi Haag (1, MMUE); Trou d’Eau, 19 November 1934, coll. Darlington (1, USNM); La Gonave, 21 March 1931, coll. F. E. Wickus (1, USNM); Atoite Is., Gonave, 18 March 1920, coll. E. C. Leonard (2, USNM); Mt. Cabrite, 21 October 1924, on Acacia, coll. Hoffman (2, USNM). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: (1, MMUE); Prov. Barahona, 7 Km S. Cabral, 240 m CabralPolo Rd, 4 July 1992, Polo Magnetico, colls. M.A. & R.O. Ivie (14, MAIC); Domingo (3, BMNH; 2, LBC; 1, MMUE); Prov. Perdernales 24 Km N. Cabo Rojo, 610 m, 20 August 1988, wet forest, colls. M. Ivie, Philipps & Johnson (1, MAIC); Monte Cristi Prov., 5–9 Km N. Villa Elisa, 26 May 1992, coll. M. C. Thomas (3, FSCA); Monte Cristi Prov., 8 Km N Villa Elisa, 31 May 1994, coll. M. C. Thomas (1, FSCA); Monte Cristi, 8.2 Km N. Villa Elisa, 31 May 1994, coll. R. Turnbow (1, RHTC). Variation. One specimen was distinctly yellow, probably due to collecting and storage conditions. Remarks. One specimen (SMCC) bears the label ‘‘beating branches in semi desert.’’ Several specimens (INHS) collected by S. W. Sanderson came with a handwritten note ‘‘to attach to the host label: Ipomoea nr. itiliacea,’’ and another (USNM) has the host data ‘‘on Acacia. ’’ These represent the first plant records associated with this genus, but they should be confirmed as hosts. Two specimens (AMNH) bear the label: ‘‘Athens, Ga.’’ Given the known distribution, Iconsider these mislabelled.Published as part of Chaboo, Caroline S., 2000, Revision And Phylogeny Of The Caribbean Genus Elytrogona Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Stolaini), pp. 379-394 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 54 (3) on pages 386-387, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065x(2000)054[0379:rapotc]2.0.co;2, http://zenodo.org/record/735073
Cocconotus levyi Cadena-Castañeda, Gutiérrez & Bacca, 2016, n. sp.
No full textCocconotus levyi n. sp. http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:475235 Diagnosis. Rostrum as in Fig. 20 C. Genicular lobes with unarmed internal edges, the remaining armed. Tegmina slightly exceeds the abdomen. Subgenital plate lanceolate without distal extensions, ovipositor robust and gently curved upwards. Holotype. 1 female Colombia, Nariño, Barbacoas, Reserva Natural Río Ñambí, 1400 m. 1°17’47.8’’ N – 78°4’29.5’’ W. 1 October 2012. Mosquera G. leg. (PSO-CZ). Description. Female. General body coloration brown, black spines in the femora, distal half of the ovopositor dark brown (Fig. 20 D). Rostrum black with a yellowish stripe in each side, and a black stripe between each yellowish stripe and the genae. Clypeus yellowish with a black mark in both latero-superior edges and in the mesal portion of the anterior margin, labrum also yellowish. Protonotum and sternum of similar shape than in C. awa n. sp (Figs. 19 A,B). Legs: external genicular lobes armed in all femora, internal lobes unarmed. Forefemora with four ventral-internal spines, foretibiae with five spines both in the inner and outer edge of the ventral margin. Mesofemora with four ventral spines, mesotibiae with six spines in the ventral-external and five in the ventralinternal margin. Hind-femora with seven ventral spines, hind-tibiae with 12 spines in the dorso-external and 14 in the dorso-internal margin. Tegmina sublaceolate, slightly exceeds the abdomen. Tenth tergite straight, epiproctus wider than long with rounded posterior edge. Cylindrical cerci, tapering in the distal portion. Ovipositor as long as half the length of the posterior femur, gently curving upwards; upper margin of the dorsal valve serrated in the meso-distal portion; apex acute (Fig. 20 A). Subgenital plate longer than wide, lanceolate and with rounded apex (Fig. 20 B). Male. Unknown. Etymology. This new species is named after Jaime Levy, one of the pioneers in the conservation of the areas that comprise the Ñambí River Natural reserve. Measurements (mm). LT: 42, LB: 35, Pr: 6, Teg: 30, HF: 28, HT: 29, PS: 3.5, Ov: 16. Comments. This new species is closely related to Cocconotus atratus Beier, 1960, C. laevifrons (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895) and C. paessleri Beier, 1960, because of the coloration of the rostrum. Nevertheless, it distinguishes from the aforementioned species for the clypeus, not pigmented in black, and the ovipositor, more robust and short in C. levyi n. sp. C. atratus has the upper margin of the clypeus black pigmented and the subgenital plate of the females is triangular with a small rounded prolongation at the apex; in contrast with the new species which possess two lateral and a central mark on the upper margin of the clypeus, and the subgenital plate is lanceolate without distal prolongations. C. levyi n. sp., also differs from C. laevifrons by a black stripe on the fronto-genal suture from the antennae fossae to the inferior edge of the rostrum, in contrast, C. laevifrons only has a mark at each side on the fronto-genal suture from the inferior margin of the eye up to halfway the fronto-genal suture. The new species differs from C. paesseleri because the tegmina slightly surpass the abdomen tip, and in C. paesseleri the tegmina broadly surpass the abdomen tip.Published as part of Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Gutiérrez, Yeisson & Bacca, Tito, 2016, New and little known Orthoptera (Ensifera and Caelifera) from the Ñambí River Natural Reserve, Nariño, Colombia, pp. 201-224 in Zootaxa 4162 (2) on page 214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25816
Brachybaenus nariniensis Cadena-Castañeda, Gutiérrez & Bacca, 2016, n. sp.
No full textBrachybaenus nariniensis n. sp. http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:475237 Diagnosis. Medium-size and moderately robust appearance. Body general coloration brown purple with yellow legs and ventral surface. Hind-femora with prominent spines in the ventral-internal margin. Epiproct inconspicuous and mostly covered by the tenth tergite, cerci simple, distal margin of the subgenital plate without notch. Holotype. 1 male. Colombia, Nariño, Barbacoas, Reserva Natural Río Ñambí, 1335m. 1°17’44’’ N – 78°4’45.3’’ W. 1 December 2002. Victor Solarte Cabrera. (CAUD). Description. Male. Purple Brown head, pronotum, abdomen, tegmina, femora apex and tibiae base.Yellow legs, antennomeres, mandibles, palpi and ventral Surface of the body (Figs. 26 I,J). Head ovoid, longer than wide; vertex rounded and projecting dorsally between the eyes and antennae. Inter-antennae space as wide as the scapus; scapus prominent, cylindrical and 1.5 times as long as the maximum width of the eye. Frontal ocellus round and diffuse; eyes ovoid, longer than wide (Fig. 26 A). Pronotum with irregular surface, formed by brief tubercles and a slight prominence; pronotal disk with a yellow stripe in the midline. Fore and meso-femora cylindrical, gently flattened in the distal portion and unarmed in the ventral portion. Fore-tibiae with two spines in the meso-distal portion of both in the ventral-internal and external margin, mesotibiae unarmed in the central portion. Hind-femora with wide base and tapers gently from distal to mesal portion, armed with six spines in the ventral-outter and five in the ventral-inner margin, the latter being larger, distributed from the mesal to apical portion (Fig. 26 D). Hind-tibia cylindrical, with three spines in the dorsal-outter and four in the dorsal-inner edge, distal portion with two mobile and fixed (of smaller size) spines, a pair at each side. Tegmina lanceolate, covering the tip of the abdomen, vein pattern as in Figs. 26 B,C. Tenth tergite without modification, posterior margin rounded; epiproct three times wider than long and largely concealed by the tenth tergite (Figs. 26 E,F). Cerci cylindrical and tomentose, slightly curving backward (Fig. 26 G). Subgenital plate rectangular and wider than long, distal margin gently pronounced and rounded; conic styli (Fig. 26 H). Female. Unknown. Etymology. This new species is named after Nariño, Colombian department where the type locality is located. Measurements (mm). LT: 16, LB: 14, Pr: 2.5, Teg: 11, HF: 11, HT: 12, PS: 2, C: 2.5. Comments. This new species is provisionally placed in the genus Brachybaenus as a new organization of the family Gryllacrididae will be soon proposed (Cadena-Castañeda in prep.). This new species is close related to B. titschaki (Karny 1935), but can be distinguished because of the coloration, B. titschaki is light brown and B. nariniensis is predominantly purple brown. Furthermore, the spines in the hind-femora are more noticeable in B. nariniensis; and the edge of the subgenital plate is decidedly emarginated in B. titschaki, and slightly pronounced without exceeding the total length of the styli in B. nariniensis.Published as part of Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Gutiérrez, Yeisson & Bacca, Tito, 2016, New and little known Orthoptera (Ensifera and Caelifera) from the Ñambí River Natural Reserve, Nariño, Colombia, pp. 201-224 in Zootaxa 4162 (2) on pages 219-221, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25816
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