1,721,017 research outputs found
Assessment of blood chemistry normal ranges in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792)
No full textBlood chemistry normal ranges in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were assessed using an automated blood analyser. Non-haemolysed serum from the caudal vessel of 45 clinically healthy, randomly selected fish (standard length, mean ±s.e. = 25·82 ± 0·68 cm; body mass, mean ±s.e. = 240·10 ± 19·40 g) were analysed for the following blood chemistry variables: glucose, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), creatine phosphokinase (EC 2.7.3.2), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), gamma-glutamyl transferase (EC 2.3.2.2), total protein, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, Ca, P, Mg, Na, K and Cl. The analytical method performed failed to assess serum gamma-glutamyl transferase. Descriptive statistics, normality assessment by means of Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Gaussian range (mean ± 1·96σ), Gaussian range after square root and logarithmic transformation, 2·5th–97·5th percentile range were computed for each variable. With regard to data distribution, 12 variables out of 19 (glucose, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, Ca, P, Mg, Na and K) were normally distributed. Irrespective of distribution type, 2·5th–97·5th percentile range appeared to be a reliable method in normal range evaluation. Estimates obtained were compared with previously reported ranges. General agreement was noted with some exceptions (glucose, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, P and K) possibly due to different acclimation (17–22° C) and analytical (37° C) temperature and to methodology (serum v. plasma; caudal vessel withdrawal v. cardiac puncture). The blood automated analyser proved to be a valuable and reliable instrument for the estimation of blood chemistry over normal ranges in rainbow trout, although caution should be taken when comparing estimates obtained using different analytical techniques and acclimation temperatures, using plasma rather than serum or using different withdrawal methods.[...
Assessment of serum protein fractions in rainbow trout by means of automated electrophoretic and densitometric system
No full textBackground: Although rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) are one of the most-studied fish, electrophoretic techniques and classification of serum protein fractions have not been standardized, such that clinically useful values are lacking.Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate preliminarily the serum protein fractions of rainbow trout using automated cellulose acetate electrophoresis and densitometry.Methods: Serum samples from 25 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) were electrophoresed on cellulose acetate plates and quantified using densitometry.Results: A maximum of 6 fractions were identified and numbered, in order of decreasing mobility, as I, II, III, IV, V, and VI. In 3 of 25 (12%) samples, 6 fractions were identified; in 18 (72%) samples, 5 fractions were identified; and in 4 (16%) samples, 4 fractions were identified. Fractions I, V, and VI were always clearly identifiable, whereas fractions II and IV were frequently fused and indistinguishable from fraction III. The pattern with 5 fractions was the most probable type (χ2, P<.01). The mean (±SEM) protein concentrations of the 6 fractions were I, 0.8±0.1 g/dL; II, 0.3±0.0 g/dL; III, 1.6±0.1 g/dL; IV, 0.3±0.1 g/dL; V, 0.6±0.0 g/dL; and VI, 0.2±0.0 g/dL. Based on comparison of serum and plasma electrophoretic patterns from 8 fish, fibrinogen was found in fraction V.Conclusion: Automated cellulose acetate electrophoresis and densitometry appear to be a practical method for estimation of serum protein fractions in rainbow trout.[...
Editorial: Green Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology: a “One Health” Approach milestone
Full text linkFood Safety Concerns in “COVID-19 Era”
No full textIn March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the COVID-19 outbreak can be characterized as a pandemic. Human-to-human transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus may initially be blamed as the first cause of spread, but can an infection be contracted by ingestion of contaminated food or touching contaminated food surfaces? Recently cold-chain food contamination has been indicated as a possible source of many human cases in China. However, the risk of a food-related COVID-19 infection is still debated since the virus may reach people through a fresh product or packaging, which have been touched/sneezed on by infected people. This review summarizes the most recent evidence on the zoonotic origin of the pandemic, reports the main results regarding the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through food or a food chain, as well as the persistence of the virus at different environmental conditions and surfaces. Emphasis is also posed on how to manage the risk of food-related COVID-19 spread and potential approaches that can reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 contamination
Helminths of Wild Boar ( Sus scrofa) in the Calabrian Region of Southern Italy
No full textIn Calabria, as in other Italian regions, the wild boar (Sus scrofa) population has increased considerably in the last few years. The presence of this wild ungulate, a huntable species, was detected throughout this region. Wild boars are a host for many endoparasites, some of which are zoonotic. Our aim was to acquire data on the prevalence endoparasites in wild boar in the region of Calabria, Italy, where such information is limited. We used 60 wild boars culled during the 2014-15 hunting season. We used FLOTAC dual techniques for fecal microscopic exams, as well as qualitative and quantitative microscopic examination with a sensitivity level of 2 eggs/g of feces. The research has underlined the remarkable diffusion of gastrointestinal helminths, particularly Ascaris suum, in wild boar of the areas of Sila and Presila in the province of Catanzaro, Calabria
L’interazione tra micoestrogeni e miometrio come possibile causa di infertilità negli ovini
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Virucidal activity of ginger essential oil against caprine alphaherpesvirus-1
No full textThe emergence of alphaherpesvirus strains resistant to commonly used antiviral drugs has prompted the research for alternative, biologically active anti-herpetic agents. Essential oils (EOs) have shown anti-infective properties against human herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and -2). Caprine alphaherpesvirus 1 (CpHV-1) induces genital lesions in its natural host and it is regarded as a useful homologous animal model for the study of HSV-2 infection, chiefly for the assessment of antiviral drugs in in vivo studies. In the present study we evaluated the activity in vitro of ginger EO (GEO) against CpHV-1. GEO was found to be effective as virucide on cell-free virus, inactivating CpHV-1 up to 100%. The virucidal activity of GEO is likely accounted for by disruption of herpesvirus envelope and its associated structures which are necessary for virus adsorption and entry into host cells. On the opposite, GEO was not able to inhibit virus adsorption and/or replication, as treatment of cells before and after infection did not abolish virus infectivity. GEO could be suggested for topical applications in in vivo experiments using CpHV-1/goat model, since the lipophilic nature of EOs favours their adsorption through the cutaneous/mucosal barrier, either alone or in conjunction with other molecules. These findings open several perspectives in terms of therapeutic possibilities for a number of human and animal alphaherpesviruses
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