1,720,958 research outputs found
Androgens and Erythropoiesis: A Review.
No full textAssociation between androgens and erythropoiesis has been known for more than
seven decades. Androgens stimulate hematopoietic system by various mechanisms.
These include stimulation of erythropoietin release, increasing bone marrow
activity and iron incorporation into the red cells. Before the discovery of
recombinant erythropoietin (rhEpo), androgens were used in the treatment of
anemia associated with renal disease, bone marrow suppression, and
hypopituitarism. Anabolism is an additional advantage of androgen therapy.
Furthermore, in light of recent reports regarding adverse effects of rhEpo, the
role of androgen therapy in various types of anemias should be readdressed.
Polycythemia remains a known side effect of androgen therapy. In this review,
we will briefly discuss the initial animal and human studies which demonstrated
the role of androgens in the treatment of anemia, their mechanism of action, a
detailed account of the efficacy of androgens in the treatment of various
anemias, the erythropoietic side effects of androgens and finally, the
relationship between hematocrit levels and cardiovascular disease
Endocrine complications of androgen-deprivation therapy in men with prostate cancer.
No full textProstate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is often employed in the treatment of recurrent and metastatic prostate cancer. Although its use as an adjuvant therapy has resulted in improved survival in a subset of patients, ADT also results in a multitude of endocrine complications. These complications affect quality of life and sense of well-being in these men. Some of the endocrine complications of ADT such as osteoporosis, sexual dysfunction, hot flashes, gynecomastia, and adverse body composition are well-known. Recently, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and metabolic syndrome have emerged as metabolic complications of castration and may be responsible for increased cardiovascular mortality in this population. In this article, we provide a detailed review of the endocrine complications of ADT, touching upon management strategies where applicable
Espressione dei Livelli Circolanti di Citochine Infiammatorie in Soggetti con Neoplasia Prostatica sottoposti a Terapia di Deprivazione Androgenica
No full textCirculating inflammatory cytokine expression in men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy
No full textProstate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common
cancers in men. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is employed in
the treatment of patients with metastatic or recurrent PCa, resulting
in castrate levels of testosterone. Recent studies have shown that
male hypogonadism is associated with increased levels of proinflammatory
and diminished concentrations of anti-inflammatory
cytokines, which normalize upon testosterone treatment. Furthermore,
an inflammatory state is associated with osteoporosis,
sarcopenia and metabolic abnormalities. We examined 3 groups of
men: 1) 20 men with PCa undergoing ADT for at least 12 months
prior to the onset of the study (ADT group); 2) 18 age-matched men
with non-metastatic PCa who had undergone local surgery and/or
radiotherapy and had not yet received ADT and were eugonadal
(non-ADT group); and 3) 20 age-matched healthy eugonadal men
(control group). None of the subjects were suffering from any acute
or chronic inflammatory conditions. Mean age was similar in the 3
groups (P 5 .41). Men in the ADT and non-ADT groups had higher
BMI compared to the control group (P 5 .0005 and P 5 .01,
respectively). Men in the ADT group had significantly lower mean
serum total (P , .0001) and free (P , .0001) testosterone and
estradiol (P , .0001) levels compared to the other 2 groups. No
significant differences in serum levels of pro-inflammatory or
antiinflammatory
cytokines were observed between the 3 groups. These
data suggest that men with PCa undergoing long-term ADT do not
have elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to age
and disease matched controls. Prospective studies are needed to
evaluate for any acute changes in these inflammatory markers that
might occur after the initiation of ADT
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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