1,720,962 research outputs found
Les coronaviroses aviaires
No full textCoronaviruses are RNA viruses classified into Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus. These viruses seem to come from bats, and more particularly Alphacoronaviruses and Betacoronaviruses (the genus where zoonoses are observed), while birds are the source of Gammacoronaviruses and Deltacoronaviruses. The first coronavirus identified was that of avian infectious bronchitis in 1931 in the United States. Other coronaviruses have been identified in birds, similar to or different from the IB virus of avian infectious bronchitis and are responsible for turkey enteritis (TCoV) and fulminating guinea fowl disease (GfCoV). Finally, a deltacoronavirus can be found in both pigs (PD CoV UKU15) and birds (PRCV).Les coronavirus sont des virus à ARN classés en Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus et Deltacoronavirus. Ces virus semblent provenir des chauves-souris, et plus particulièrement les Alphacoronavirus et les Betacoronavirus (genre où l’on observe des zoonoses) alors que les oiseaux seraient à l’origine des Gammacoronavirus et des Deltacoronavirus. Le premier coronavirus identifié fut celui de la bronchite infectieuse aviaire en 1931 aux États-Unis. D’autres coronavirus ont été identifiés chez les oiseaux, proches ou différents du virus BI de la bronchite infectieuse aviaire et sont responsables de l’entérite de la dinde (TCoV) et de la maladie foudroyante de la pintade (GfCoV). Enfin, un deltacoronavirus peut être rencontré à la fois chez le porc (PD CoV UKU15) et les oiseaux.Brugères Jeanne, Bouzouaia Moncef. Les coronaviroses aviaires. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 174, 2021. pp. 95-101
Past, present and future of poultry diseases control
Get PDFLa demande sur les protéines d’origine animale et en particulier sur les produits avicoles est de plus en plus
importante, et il en résulte un besoin de plus en plus impérieux d’intensification de la production ce qui
représente un facteur d’augmentation des risques sanitaires. En même temps les lobbies de consommateurs
ont augmenté leurs niveaux d’exigences en matière de qualité des produits refusant légitimement les
résidus de substances chimiques, de médicaments, la présence de germes zoonotiques et se préoccupant
de plus en plus d’environnement et de bien-être animal. Les stratégies de contrôle des maladies, mises
au service de ces productions ont connu beaucoup de développements, avec de la biosécurité, des plans
d’éradication, et des programmes de vaccination de plus en plus élaborés avec des vaccins classiques
« vivants » ou « inactivés », évoluant à la demande des utilisateurs vers des vaccins plus faciles à utiliser et
plus efficaces. C’est ainsi que sont apparus des vaccins fruits de travaux de génie génétique assurant une
bonne protection, sans réactions post vaccinales, et sans pouvoir de dissémination, utilisés de plus en plus
tôt dans la vie de l’animal. Les futures voies de production de vaccins dits de troisième génération sont
représentées par les vaccins à ADN et les vaccins produits sur plantes très prometteurs. La disponibilité
et le succès de ces nouvelles générations de vaccins vont dépendre des moyens consacrés à la recherche,
de la pertinence et de l’adaptation aux différents marchés et de leur attractivité, cela va dépendre enfin
de la liberté d’opérer qui peut être limité par de nouvelles contraintes comme les brevets sur le vivant.The demand for animal protein and in particular for poultry products is becoming more and more
important, and the result is a growing need for intensification of production, which represents a
risk-increasing health factor. At the same time consumer lobbies have increased their levels of product
quality requirements legitimately refusing residues of chemical substances, drugs, the presence of
zoonotic germs and worrying more and more about the environment and animal well-being. Disease
control strategies at the service of these productions have undergone many developments, including
biosecurity, eradication plans, and increasingly elaborate vaccination programs with traditional “live”
or “inactivated” vaccines. “, Evolving at the request of users to vaccines easier to use and more effective.
This is how vaccines have emerged from genetic engineering works providing good protection,
without post-vaccine reactions, and without the ability to spread, used earlier in the animal’s life.
Future production routes for so-called third-generation vaccines are represented by DNA vaccines
and vaccines produced on plants. The availability and success of these new generations of vaccines
will depend on the resources devoted to research, the relevance and adaptation to different markets
and their attractiveness, it will depend finally on the freedom to operate which can be limited by
new constraints such as patents on the living
Les variants du virus de la bronchite infectieuse aviaire en Tunisie : incidence, typage
No full textSIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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