1,720,959 research outputs found
Emploi précaire : Nouveaux Comportements des jeunes marocains
No full textAmong the young population, those graduated from the university are less affected by job precarity insecurity (Hurtubise, 2012). Nonetheless, they remain immune regarding the new rules established in the job market. Currently, the changes observed in the new strategies adopted by the Moroccan labor market with relation to new types of recruitment, have a negative impact on the professional integration of young people, including the most educated.
Indeed, some education streams produce many bachelors (undergraduates) (BAC + 3 or BAC + 4) and graduates (Master or equivalent) according to the Statistical yearbook of Morocco (2017), which lead them to uncertainty and ambiguity regarding their future professional careers. Moreover, given the flexibility of the labor market, significant university graduates are struggling to find job positions, the majority of which are classified as being precarious employment. During the last two decades, we observe that students who obtain their Baccalaureate diplomas tend to orient themselves more towards vocational trainings instead of university education, due to the fact that these vocational trainings represent booming sectors of the economy, such as for example, specialized technicians in technology fields, who have no difficulty to secure a job position.
Thus, there are few available surveys on these issues encountered by young university graduates. However, starting from 2000s, the HCP (High Moroccan Authority on Planning) has begun to administer ongoing household employment surveys in both urban and rural areas. The extent of precarious employment among young Moroccans, including the most educated, remains difficult to measure and to identify, because the ENE (National Survey on Employment) questionnaire does not contain perception questions aimed specifically at youth, but targets the entire population of working age (15 to 65).
JEL Classification : I23, J11 et O15
Paper type : Theoretical ResearchParmi la population des jeunes, les lauréats universitaires sont moins affectés par la précarité d’emploi (Hurtubise, 2012). Toutefois, ils n’échappent pas aux nouvelles règles de jeu dans le monde du travail. Actuellement, les changements que l'on observe dans les nouvelles stratégies adoptées par le marché du travail marocain concernant les nouveaux modes de recrutement, ont un impact négatif sur l’insertion professionnelle des jeunes y compris les plus instruits.
Certaines filières de formation forment beaucoup de licenciés (BAC+3 ou BAC+4) selon les chiffres de l’annuaire statistique marocain 2017 et même des lauréats du troisième cycle, ce qui les conduisent vers une idée sombre et une ambigüité sur leur avenir professionnel. Et compte tenu de la flexibilité du marché du travail, un segment important des lauréats universitaires se battent sur des postes de travail, dont la majorité est classés comme des emplois précaires. Durant les deux dernières décennies, on observe que les élèves qui obtiennent leurs diplômes de Baccalauréat ont tendance à s’orienter plus vers la formation professionnelle au lieu des formations universitaires, étant donné que ces formations constituent des secteurs de l’économie en effervescence, par exemple, les techniciens spécialisés en technologie, qui n’éprouvent pas de difficulté à se positionner sur le marché de l’emploi.
Il existe peu d'enquêtes disponibles sur ces problèmes rencontrés par les jeunes diplômés des universités. Toutefois, à partir des années 2000, le HCP a commencé à administrer des enquêtes permanentes sur l'emploi dans les milieux urbains et ruraux auprès des ménages. L’ampleur de l’emploi précaire chez les jeunes Marocains y compris les plus instruits reste difficile à mesurer et à cerner, du fait que le questionnaire de l’ENE ne contient pas des questions de perceptions destinées particulièrement aux jeunes, mais il cible toute la population en âge d’activité (de 15ans à 65ans).
Classification. JEL : I23, J11 et O15
Type de l’article : Article théorique
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Jeunes, emploi précaire et digitalisation au Maroc : réalités et perspectives
No full textYoung people and digitalization are among the main concerns of decision -makers in Morocco, as in other developing countries. This is why most of the strategies and programs in which young people are of great importance, in order to integrate them economically and socially. Despite these state policies towards young people, they often feel mistrust of employment policies; Particularly because the majority of employment opportunities currently available are in the form of employment contracts excluding indefinite contract (HCP, 2020). In this context of ambiguity and flexibility of employment contracts, it is quite logical to expect the reaction of these young people when they live in degraded conditions and multiply the opportunities of risk at risk despite legal efforts and economic deployed by the state to provide decent and permanent work. The aim of this article is to diagnose the situation of young Moroccans between 15 and 34 years old. As part of the descriptive approach, we have two choices: either to conduct a study with young people or to find individual data offered by an institution that produces official statistical data which will allow us to determine the situation of young people in Morocco to employment and digitalization, after presentation of tables and crossed graphics. And to make this diagnosis require us access to individual survey data, if for this we used data from the national survey of the timetable in 2012 (ENET-2012) with households (8,990 Moroccan households). Our empirical results show that 40% of young people have a job, and in this proportion, we found that nearly 90% of young people do not have health coverage and that the use of the Internet by this group is 11%.
Keywords: young people aged between 15 and 34, precarious employment, digitalization
JEL Classification: J01, O33
Paper type: Empirical researchLes jeunes et la digitalisation sont parmi les principales préoccupations des décideurs au Maroc, comme dans d'autres pays en développement. C'est pourquoi la plupart des stratégies et programmes dans lesquels les jeunes ont une grande importance, afin de les intégrer économiquement et socialement. Malgré ces politiques de l'État envers les jeunes, ils éprouvent souvent de la méfiance vis-à-vis des politiques d’emploi ; Notamment parce que la majorité des opportunités d'emploi actuellement disponibles se présentent sous la forme de contrats de travail hors contrat à durée indéterminée (CDI) (HCP, 2020). Dans ce contexte d'ambiguïté et de flexibilité des contrats de travail, il est tout à fait logique d'attendre la réaction de ces jeunes alors qu'ils vivent dans des conditions dégradées et multiplient les opportunités d'emplois à risque malgré les efforts juridiques et économiques déployés par l'État pour fournir un travail décent et permanent. Le but de cet article est de diagnostiquer la situation des jeunes Marocains entre 15 et 34 ans révolus. Dans le cadre de l'approche descriptive, nous avons deux choix : soit de mener une étude auprès des jeunes soit de trouver des données individuelles offertes par une institution qui produit des données statistiques officielles qui nous permettront par la suite de déterminer la situation des jeunes au Maroc envers l’emploi et la digitalisation, après présentation de tableaux et de graphiques croisés. Et pour faire ce diagnostic nous a nécessités l'accès à des données d'enquête individuelles, si pour cela, nous avons utilisé des données de l'enquête nationale sur l'emploi du temps de 2012 (ENET-2012) auprès des ménages (8 990 ménages marocains). Nos résultats empiriques montrent que 40% des jeunes ont un emploi (CDI+ hors CDI), et dans cette proportion, on a constaté que près de 90% des jeunes n'ont pas de couverture sanitaire et que l'utilisation d'Internet par ce groupe est de 11 %.
Mots clés : Jeunes âgés entre 15 et 34ans, Emploi précaire, Digitalisation
Classification JEL : J01, O33
Type de l’article : Recherche appliqué
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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