100,884 research outputs found
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Nerve sheath tumor with degenerative atypia and multivacuolated lipoblasts
No full textLipoblastic nerve sheath tumor is a recently described benign soft tissue tumor consisting of lipoblasts in a neural-schwannian background. The 6 reported cases have exclusively comprised signet ring lipoblasts and showed no cellular atypia. The authors describe the first lipoblastic nerve sheath tumor to harbor multivacuolated lipoblasts and degenerative atypia, underscoring its important differential diagnosis with well-differentiated liposarcoma. The purpose of this report is to expand the morphologic spectrum of this unusual neoplasm, and reemphasize the potential of benign nonadipocytic tumors to harbor multivacuolated lipoblasts and mimic liposarcoma. © 2012 The Author(s).Ayad T, 2007, EUR ARCH OTO-RHINO-L, V264, P93, DOI 10.1007-s00405-006-0119-6; Ceballos KM, 1999, ARCH PATHOL LAB MED, V123, P941; Chen E, 2010, AM J SURG PATHOL, V34, P707, DOI 10.1097-PAS.0b013e3181d74bdb; Coffin CM, 2009, AM J SURG PATHOL, V33, P1705, DOI 10.1097-PAS.0b013e3181b76462; Dei Tos Angelo P., 1994, American Journal of Surgical Pathology, V18, P913, DOI 10.1097-00000478-199409000-00006; Fukunaga M, 1998, PATHOL INT, V48, P562, DOI 10.1111-j.1440-1827.1998.tb03950.x; Hornick JL, 2004, AM J SURG PATHOL, V28, P1257, DOI 10.1097-01.pas.0000135524.73447.4a; Khalifa MA, 2000, AM J CLIN PATHOL, V114, P123; Lae ME, 2002, HISTOPATHOLOGY, V40, P505, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2559.2002.01409.x; Mentzel T, 2010, MODERN PATHOL, V23, P729, DOI 10.1038-modpathol.2010.66; Plaza JA, 2006, AM J SURG PATHOL, V30, P337; Vecchio G M, 2010, Pathologica, V102, P108; Weiss SW, 2008, ENZINGER WEISSS SOFT; Weiss S W, 1996, Monogr Pathol, V38, P2070
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
Measuring industry-science links through inventor-author relations: A profiling method
No full textIn this pilot study we examine the performance of text-based profiling in recovering a set of validated inventor-author links. In a first step we match patents and publications solely based on their similarity in content. Next, we compare inventor and author names on the highest ranked matches for the occurrence of name matches. Finally, we compare these candidate matches with the names listed in a validated set of inventor-author names. Our text-based profile methodology performs significantly better than a random matching of patents and publications, suggesting that text-based profiling is a valuable complementary tool to the name searches used in previous studies.innovation; industry-science links; text-based profiling;
Valutazione delle modificazioni biochimiche determinate dalla valinomicina nell’induzione sperimentale di edema corneale nel coniglio.
No full textÉtude des fonctions immunomodulatrices des lymphocytes T « Doubles-Négatifs »
No full textLa réaction du greffon contre l’hôte (GvH) est responsable d’un grand taux de morbidité et de mortalité chez les patients recevant des greffes de cellules souches (GCSH) allogéniques. Dans ce contexte, les cellules T régulatrices sont largement étudiées et semblent avoir un grand potentiel d’utilisation dans le domaine de la thérapie cellulaire de la GvH. Parmi les populations cellulaires T régulatrices, les lymphocytes T CD4-CD8- TCRαβ+ « Doubles-Négatifs » (DN), qui ne représentent que 1-3% des lymphocytes T, ont été décrits. Ces cellules ont des propriétés inhibitrices de la réponse immunitaire qui s’avèrent spécifiques aux antigènes auxquels elles ont préalablement été exposées. La répression de la réponse immunitaire par les cellules T DN régulatrices semble être un mécanisme important impliqué dans l’induction de la tolérance aux allo-antigènes. De plus, ces cellules confèrent une tolérance immunitaire dans des modèles de greffes allogéniques et xénogéniques. En effet, ces cellules ont la capacité d’inhiber la réaction contre un allo-antigène auquel elles ont été exposées, sans inhiber la réaction contre un allo-antigène inconnu. Les cellules T DN ont été isolées et caractérisées chez l’homme où elles ont la capacité d’interagir avec des cellules présentatrices d’antigènes (APCs) par un contact cellulaire, comme chez la souris. Cependant, leur capacité immunomodulatrice reste inconnue chez l’humain. Notre objectif consistait donc principalement à étudier le rôle et le mécanisme d’action des cellules T DN régulatrices humaines in vitro, en étudiant leur capacité à inhiber une réaction lymphocytaire mixte (MLR).
Nous avons montré que les cellules T DN stimulées par un allo-antigène donné inhibent des cellules syngéniques effectrices dirigées contre ce même alloantigène mais n’inhibent pas des cellules syngéniques effectrices dirigées contre un autre alloantigène, démontrant ainsi la spécificité aux antigènes de ces cellules. De plus, les T DN non stimulées par un allo-antigène n’ont pas de rôle inhibiteur. Cependant, durant cette inhibition, nous n’observons pas de modulation de l’expression des marqueurs d’activation et d’induction de l’apoptose. Afin d’étudier le mécanisme d’action des cellules T DN, nous avons mesuré l’expression intracellulaire de la granzyme B. Les résultats démontrent que les cellules T DN stimulées expriment un niveau significativement plus élevé de granzyme B que les cellules T DN non-stimulées par l’allo-antigène. Ceci suggère que l’immunosuppression induite par les cellules T DN stimulées pourrait passer par la voie granzyme B. Le mécanisme utilisé par ces cellules reste à être confirmé par nos futures expériences.Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients receiving an allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). Many regulatory T cell populations have been studied and shown to have immunosuppressive properties in GvHD. Among these populations, Double Negative CD4-CD8-TCRαβ+ regulatory T cells (DN T) have been described. These cells represent 1-3% of all T cell lymphocytes and are known to have antigen-specific inhibitory functions of the immune response. The suppression of an immune response by DN T cells seems to be an important mechanism involved in the induction of tolerance to allo-antigens. Moreover, these cells also confer immune tolerance in models of allogeneic and xenogenic grafts. DN T cells have the ability to suppress syngeneic T CD4+ and T CD8+ cells in an antigen-specific manner. Therefore, these DN T cells can inhibit the reaction caused by syngeneic effector cells against a specific alloantigen to which they have been previously exposed. However, they cannot inhibit a reaction directed against an unknown alloantigen. Human DN T cells have been isolated and characterized as cells that have the capacity to interact with APCs by cell-to-cell contact, just like in mice. However, their immunomodulatory properties are still unknown in humans. The goal of our project was to study the role and immunomodulatory functions of human DN T cells in Mixed Lymphocyte Reactions (MLR).
The MLRs have allowed us to demonstrate that DN T cells, after having been stimulated by an allo-antigen, have an antigen-specific inhibitory function towards the syngeneic effector cells reacting against the same alloantigen that they have been exposed to. Interestingly, they do not inhibit the reaction of these effector cells against an unknown alloantigen. However, stimulated DN T cells did not modulate the expression of the activation markers expressed by the effector cells and did not give a death signal to these cells either. Moreover, we also wanted to study how DN T cells have an immunosuppressive activity. Therefore, we compared the expression of Granzyme B in stimulated versus non-stimulated cells. Our results suggest that DN T cells may use the Granzyme B pathway to immunosuppress the effector cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that DN T cells have an antigen-specific inhibitory function. The mechanism used by these DN T cells remains to be confirmed with our future experiments
Cynaropicrin disrupts tubulin and c-Myc-related signaling and induces parthanatos-type cell death in multiple myeloma
No full textThe majority of blood malignancies is incurable and has unforeseeable remitting-relapsing paths in response to different treatments. Cynaropicrin, a natural sesquiterpene lactone from the edible parts of the artichoke plant, has gained increased attention as a chemotherapeutic agent. In this study, we investigated the effects of cynaropicrin against multiple myeloma (MM) cells in vitro and assessed its in vivo effectiveness in a xenograft tumor zebrafish model. We showed that cynaropicrin exerted potent cytotoxicity against a panel of nine MM cell lines and two leukemia cell lines with AMO1 being the most sensitive cell line (IC50= 1.8 ± 0.3 μM). Cynaropicrin (0.8, 1.9, 3.6 μM) dose-dependently reduced c-Myc expression and transcriptional activity in AMO1 cells that was associated with significant downregulation of STAT3, AKT, and ERK1/2. Cell cycle analysis showed that cynaropicrin treatment arrested AMO1 cells in the G2M phase along with an increase in the sub-G0G1 phase after 24 h. With prolonged treatment times, cells accumulated more in the sub-G0G1 phase, implying cell death. Using confocal microscopy, we revealed that cynaropicrin disrupted the microtubule network in U2OS cells stably expressing α-tubulin-GFP. Furthermore, we revealed that cynaropicrin promoted DNA damage in AMO1 cells leading to PAR polymer production by PARP1 hyperactivation, resulting in AIF translocation from the mitochondria to the nucleus and subsequently to a novel form of cell death, parthanatos. Finally, we demonstrated that cynaropicrin (5, 10 μM) significantly reduced tumor growth in a T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) xenograft zebrafish model. Taken together, these results demonstrate that cynaropicrin causes potent inhibition of hematopoietic tumor cells in vitro and in vivo
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