1,721,035 research outputs found
Bread staling: understanding the effects of transglutaminase and vital gluten supplementation on crumb moisture and texture using multivariate analysis
No full textThe objective of this study was to assess the contribution of transglutaminase (TG) and vital gluten (VG), alone or in con- junction, in preserving the quality of bread during storage (0, 3 and 9 days). The experimental design was set up to identify the best formulation to reduce changes in texture attributes and moisture content based on different levels of TG (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 g/100 g flour), VG (0 and 1 g/100 g flour), and wheat flour strength (FS: weak—WF, medium—MF, strong—SF). Results revealed that, in most cases, TG and VG addition had a beneficial effect on preserving crumb moistness over storage. Likewise, TG and VG were able to reduce changes in textural attributes during storage. The best formulations to improve bread quality in storage were 0.1% TG and 1% VG for WF, 0.2% TG for MF and 0.2% TG and 1% VG for SF
Can potato fiber efficiently substitute xanthan gum in modulating chemical properties of tomato products?
No full textIn the frame of clean labelling, potato fiber (F) was tested as a potential texturizing agent to substitute xanthan (X) in the tomato industry. For this purpose, a physico-chemical evaluation was performed on three different tomato products [tomato pulp (TP), double (DC) and triple tomato concentrate (TC)] that were processed under different thermal treatments (cold and hot) and added with different levels (1, 1.5 and 2% (g ingredient/100 g tomato product) of texturing agents (F and X). For physical features, a higher redness was obtained at 2% of F in DC and TC, while TP color remained unvaried. Furthermore, F showed a stronger effect on apparent viscosity than X in the case of TP. Concerning chemical features, moisture content, water activity and pH significantly varied among samples, but no clear trend was observed as a function of amount/type of additive. At a molecular level, F reduced proton molecular mobility, in contrast with X. Summarizing, F can be considered a potential “clean label” substitute for X in tomato-based products
Nutritional Profiling and Labeling Practices of Plant-Based, Hybrid, and Animal-Based Dog Foods: A Study of European Pack Labels (2020–2024)
Full text linkAs pet owners become increasingly mindful of pet health and sustainability, labeling plays a crucial role in shaping informed purchasing decisions for pet food. This study evaluated the nutritional adequacy and pricing of plant-based, hybrid, and animal-based dog foods. Using the Mintel database, we analyzed product labels, ingredient compositions, and marketing claims for various dog food categories. The findings revealed notable differences in key nutrients, such as protein, fiber, fat, ash, and moisture content. Plant-based dog foods generally offer higher fiber and ash content but often fall short in protein and fat levels, particularly in snacks and treats, which may impact their suitability for meeting the dietary needs of canines. Hybrid dog foods, which blend plant and animal ingredients, show greater variability, with some achieving balanced protein and fat content, while fiber levels depend on the plant-based proportion. Animal-based foods tend to excel in protein and fat content, particularly in wet and dry formats, while being lower in fiber and ash content. A key concern is the reliance on additives, particularly in plant-based and hybrid options, which raises questions about the long-term health impacts on pets. Pricing trends indicate that plant-based dog foods are generally more expensive than hybrid and animal-based options, although the cost varies widely across all categories.This article is published as Boukid, Fatma, and Kurt A. Rosentrater. "Nutritional Profiling and Labeling Practices of Plant-Based, Hybrid, and Animal-Based Dog Foods: A Study of European Pack Labels (2020–2024)." Animals 15, no. 13 (2025): 1883. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15131883
Suitability of Improved and Ancient Italian Wheat for Bread-Making: A Holistic Approach
No full textAncient and old wheat grains are gaining interest as a genetic reservoir to develop improved Italian genotypes with peculiar features. In this light, the aim of this study was to assess the baking performance of two improved einkorn (Monlis and Norberto) and two improved emmer (Padre Pio and Giovanni Paolo) genotypes in comparison with two Italian landraces (Garfagnana and Cappelli) and Khorasan. This set was evaluated following a holistic approach considering the flour, dough, and bread properties. The results showed that the flour properties, dough rheology, pasting, and fermentation parameters, as well as the bread properties, significantly differed among the studied genotypes. Cappelli produced the bread with the best quality, i.e., the highest volume and lowest firmness. Despite having the same pedigrees, Giovanni Paolo and Padre Pio resulted in significantly different technological properties. Giovanni Paolo flour showed the highest protein content and provided a dough with a high gas production capacity, resulting in the bread having a similar firmness to Cappelli. Padre Pio flour provided bread having a similar volume to Cappelli but a high firmness similar to Khorasan and Garfagnana. The einkorn genotypes, Monlis and Norberto, showed poor fermentation properties and high gelatinization viscosity that resulted in bread with poor quality. Alternatively, they could be more suitable for making non-fermented flatbreads. Our results showed that the improved wheat showed a high versatility of features, which offers bakers a flexible material to make a genotype of bread types
A multilevel investigation supported by multivariate analysis for tomato product formulation
Full text linkIndustrial processing of tomato includes its cutting and mincing, thermal treatments, and the addition of ingredients, which might induce changes in physicochemical properties of the final products. In this frame, the impact of texturing/thickening [xanthan gum (X) or potato fiber (F)] on the macroscopic, mesoscopic and molecular properties of tomato double concentrate (TDC) was investigated to determine if F can efficiently substitute X, in association with small solutes (sugar and salt) and thermal treatment (cold and hot). At a macroscopic level, multivariate statistics (MANOVA) underlined that color change (ΔE) was increased by X and F addition contrary to heating and the addition of salt and sugar. MANOVA revealed that texture was greatly enhanced through the use of F over X. 1H NMR molecular mobility changes were more controlled by texturing agents (F and X) than thermal treatment and small solutes. Particularly F increased the more rigid population indicating stronger interaction with water molecules resulting in shear-thinning flow. However, adding X contributed into the increase of the dynamic and mobile populations. Therefore, F can be a valid “clean label” substitute of X in modulating tomato products properties.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Nutritional Quality of Gluten-Free Bakery Products Labeled Ketogenic and/or Low-Carb Sold in the Global Market
Full text linkGluten-free and ketogenic bakery products are gaining momentum. This study aims to develop a better understanding of the nutritional quality of gluten-free bakery products labeled ketogenic and/or low-carb. For this reason, the products available on the global market that were labeled ketogenic and/or low-carb (n = 757) were retrieved and compared to standard gluten-free products (n = 509). Overall, nutritionally, no significant differences were found among ketogenic and/or low-carb products due the high intra-variability of each type, but they differed from standard products. Compared to standard products, all ketogenic and/or low carb, irrespective of categories, showed lower carbohydrates that derived chiefly from fibers and, to a lesser extent, from sugars. They also had higher protein contents (p p p < 0.05) in low-carb savory biscuits and breads, as well as in ketogenic sweet biscuits than in the same standard products. Overall, median values of the nutrients align with the definition of the ketogenic diet. Nevertheless, several products did not align with any of the ketogenic definitions. Therefore, consumers need to carefully read the nutritional facts and not rely on mentions such as low-cab and ketogenic to make their decision of purchase/consumption
A compendium of wheat germ: Separation, stabilization and food applications
No full textBackground
Wheat germ is a precious by-product deriving from the milling industry, as it is a natural concentrated source of essential amino and fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, tocopherols, and phytosterols. However, the presence of high enzymatic activities together with a high content of unsaturated oil, induce a fast decrease in the nutritional value of wheat germ during storage and, consequently, strongly limit product's shelf-life.
Scope and approach
In recent decades, flour blends from raw or/and processed wheat germ received great interest from nutritional and technological perspectives. Nevertheless, the quality of the end-product strongly depended on the supplementation level, as well as the type and the severity of separation and stabilization techniques that wheat germ went through. Hence, in this review, the newest advances in wheat germ pre-handling approaches and food applications are discussed to provide relevant and updated information about its worthiness to be a part of the human diet.
Key findings and conclusions
To fully valorize and preserve the nutritious potential of wheat germ, effective pre-treatments of separation and stabilization are needed to guarantee its stability and suitability to meet food quality and safety standards. Such an underutilized ingredient might be a valuable fortifying component for a spectrum of foodstuffs
Pulses for bread fortification: A necessity or a choice?
Full text linkBackground
Pulses are an affordable source of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and particularly proteins. These nutritious seeds greatly contribute to food security, sustainable agriculture, biodiversity and environmental changes mitigation. Pulses are, indeed, a protein source with low carbon and water footprints. Interest in the use of pulses and their by-products in bread formulation has been mounting in recent years due to their high nutritional and functional values. Bread is one of the oldest and most consumed food worldwide, but it has an unbalanced amino-acids profile.
Scope and approach
This review aims to provide up-to-date information on the compositional and nutritional attributes of pulses as well as their impact on bread-making quality. Keeping in mind that forthcoming challenges should be overcome to formulate a high-quality bread based on pulses-wheat blends.
Key findings and conclusions
Fortifying bread with pulses will secure a better amino-acids profile and a higher protein intake favoring the ensurement of a balanced diet to a wide population with low environmental impact. Hence, pulses consumption is a necessity more than a choice for developing and developed countries with no exception
Effectiveness of Germination on Protein Hydrolysis as a Way to Reduce Adverse Reactions to Wheat
No full textIn this work, the aim is to study the effectiveness of germination on wheat protein degradation, with a specific focus on proteins involved in adverse reactions to wheat. The effects of 8 days of germination at 25 °C on the chemical composition and the protein profile were determined. Germination did not have a significant effect on starch, protein, lipid, and ash contents. General protein profile, as indicated by SDS-PAGE analysis, revealed that germination induced a relevant degradation in protein fraction. After in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, gluten peptides involved in celiac disease (CD) were identified and quantified using UPLC/ESI-MS technique. Also, CM3 protein, involved in baker's asthma and intestinal inflammation, was quantified by measuring a marker peptide. Statistical analysis underlined that germination and genotype had significant impact on the amount of both components. Regarding gluten peptides related to CD, germination enabled an average reduction of 47% in peptides eliciting adaptive immune response and 46% in peptides eliciting innate immune response. CM3 protein showed also a high average reduction (56%). Thus, this study suggests that germination might be a good bioalternative to provide a low "impact" raw ingredient for special wheat-based foodstuffs
Clipping Effect on the Grain Nitrogen and Protein Fractions of Ancient and Old Wheats Grown in a Mediterranean Environment
No full textThis study is the first to assess the effects of clipping, cultivar, season, and their interactions on the protein composition of six old and ancient wheat cultivars (n = 6). For this, nitrogen content, the proportion of wheat protein fractions, and the molecular weight distribution of the extractable and unextractable glutenin polymers were investigated as a function of cultivar and clipping in two consecutive seasons. The relationships between genotypic variation in grain nitrogen and protein fraction content under clipping and non-clipping conditions were also assessed. Clipping delayed and shortened the grain filling period of all of the cultivars. The protein composition of some cultivars behaved differently to clipping due to differences in the environmental conditions of S1 (exceptional dry season) and S2 (rainy season). In S1, clipping decreased the ratio of gliadins over glutenins (GLI/GLU) (<1) of Cappelli and Giovanni Paolo, while in S2, clipping improved the GLI/GLU of Giovanni Paolo, Monlis, and Norberto. The unextractable polymeric proteins were not affected by clipping. Khorasan was shown to be indifferent to clipping in S1 and S2. These results suggest that it is possible to have ancient/old wheats suitable for a dual-purpose system, in different climatic conditions, while maintaining good grain quality traits. The increased market demand for ancient and old wheats presents an economic opportunity for farmers who adopt the dual-purpose technique to cultivate these resilient crops again and increase their profit margins and revenues
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