1,720,987 research outputs found
APPLICATIONS OF THE CRISPR/CAS9 TECHNIQUE IN MAIZE AND WHEAT BREEDING
Get PDFMaize and wheat are some of the world's most important food crops, so their breeding programs are important for global food security. Genome editing techniques (the latest advancement in genetics) are not replacements for conventional breeding techniques, they are new methods and innovative, which promote agricultural crop breeding programs and offers unprecedented solutions to food insecurity. Among these techniques, CRISPR-Cas9 is considered a more effective tool for genome editing due to its low cost and simplicity. This paper summarizes recent applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 technique in maize and wheat breeding. The implementation of this technique allows the production of non-transgenic crops with high yield under different environmental stresses promoting sustainable agriculture
THE EFFECT OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF MAIZE IN THE CENTRAL PART OF OLTENIA
Get PDFThe Oltenia area is often affected by drought and heat that strongly influence plant development and yield. This paper aims at evaluation the genotype x environment interaction of yield and quality components of maize hybrids under different climatic conditions. The trials have been located on the experimental field at Agricultural Research and Development Station (SCDA) Simnic, during three years (2012, 2013 and 2015). As biological material, there have been used five Romanian maize hybrids: F376, Milcov, Iezer, F475M and Crisana. The results have shown that the genotype x year interaction influenced the yield and protein content, but not the oil content. The average yield for all examined hybrids was 2743 kg/ha, the average protein content was 14.70% and the average oil content was 5.22%. The yield was negatively statistically significant, correlated with protein content and with air temperature. As average values for the research period, the Iezer hybrid was highlighted by high yield and high contents of protein and oil, therefore, this Romanian hybrid is recommended for use in the future breeding programs
EFFECT OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF AMORACIA RUSTICANA L. ON THE SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF ZEA MAYS L. UNDER DROUGHT STRESS
Get PDFHorseradish (Armoracia rusticana L.) is a perennial plant cultivated all over Europe, having an allelophatic effect on the germination and seedling growth at many species of plants. The experiment described in this paper examines a series of concentrations of aqueous extracts of horseradish roots in conditions of drought stress induced by NaCl, at maize. The effects of the extracts were significant on final germination rate (Gr), shoot length (SL) and root length (RL). The extracts having concentrations of 10% and 15% had a significant stimulating effect on the studied traits, and the increase of the concentration of the aqueous extracts to 20% caused the inhibition of these traits. Therefore, the aqueous extracts of horseradish could help germination and seedling growth of maize reducing the negative effect of drought stress
ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF DILL ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH PARAMETERS OF MAIZE SEEDLINGS
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to examine allelopathic effect of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) on germination and growth parameters of maize (Zea mays L.). Cogermination of maize seeds with dill seeds and aqueous extracts of aboveground parts of dill in concentrations of 0; 2.5; 5 and 10% were evaluated in Petri dishes. Cogermination of dill seeds significantly decreased root length of maize. The extracts of dill at 2.5% concentration, significantly stimulated root and shoot lenght of maize, but with the concentration of the aqueous extract increased, the stimulating effects decreased, and even changed into inhibited. This study indicated that the dill plants have strong allelopathic potential on maize. Aqueous extracts of dill, in low concentration, can be used in organic farming as biostimulators for initial growth of maize
ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF SAGE ON GERMINATION AND INITIAL GROWTH OF MAIZE
Get PDFSalvia officinalis L. (sage) is a medicinal plant cited for its strong allelopathic effects. This plant is being studied for its pesticidal potential and much less for its biostimulant activities. The development of new biostimulants in the context of sustainable crop management, is necessary. The aim of the study was to determine allelopathic effect of sage on germination and initial growth of maize (Zea mays L.) Two experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions to determine effect of cogermination of sage and maize seeds and effect of sage aqueous extracts from fresh and dry sage biomass in concentrations of 5%, 10% and 20%, were investigated. Sage seeds in cogermination with maize and aqueous extracts of sage showed not significant effects on germination percentage, but showed significant effects on maize seedlings. The shoot and root length was strongly inhibited by cogermination. On the contrary, shoot length of maize was stimulated by the lowest concentration of extracts (5%), while it was inhibited by higher concentration (20%). For the root length, a slight stimulation (not significant) was observed at the 5% and 10% concentrations of sage extracts, while it was inhibited by 20% concentration. It can be concluded that dilute concentrations of sage can be utilized as a natural source (biostimulants) for initial growth of maize
THE CROSS-POLLINATION STUDY BETWEEN GENETICALLY MODIFIED AND CONVENTIONAL CORN CROPS IN ROMANIA
No full textSPEED BREEDING AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS
Get PDFCurrent environmental changes and continued global population growth represent a significant concern for food security. The slow rate at which current plant breeding programs are progressing is partly attributed to the long generation time of plants during the breeding process. One solution to overcome this obstacle is the use of Speed breeding technology that shortens the generation time to accommodate multiple generations of crops per year and accelerates crop research. The term "Speed breeding" was coined by Australian researchers in 2003 and is inspired by NASA experiments performed on a space mission. In this context, this paper summarizes some of the technological aspects, opportunities and limitations associated with Speed breeding. The integration of Speed breeding with other modern breeding technologies can further reduce the breeding cycle time and make selection for some novel traits more effective. Speed breeding is an innovative and promising breeding technology to ensure food security, which accelerates the development and release of new crop varieties
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
ASPECTS REGARDING THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOME SORGHUM (Sorgum bicolor L. Moench) GRAIN HYBRIDS IN THE SOIL AND CLIME CONDITIONS OF OLTENIA CENTRAL
Get PDFSorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a drought tolerant crop. In the Central zone of Oltenia region, drought is a common phenomenon and this is the reason why this crop should be reconsidered for cultivation in the future within this area. The present paper presents the behaviour of 6 sorghum grain hybrids (from Australia and USA) in the soil and clime conditions of ARDS Simnic (Dolj). The experiment was laid out in randomized blockdesign with spacing of 70 x 10 cm along with three replications. There have been made observations and remarks n the main phenophases of the crop, the morphological features and the grain yield as well as the correlation between them. The highest yields have been recorded with the NS 5305, NS 7501 and NS 5304 which are considered early asvegetation period
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