Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series
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RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF SOME ELEMENTS OF TECHNOLOGY ON SOME MORFOPRODUCTIVE INDICATORS OF SAINFOIN (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) IN SEED CROPS, IN THE FIRST YEAR OF VEGETATION
Get PDFThe research conducted during the period of March to October 2019, at the Research and Development Station forMeadows, Vaslui (46°40'-36°10' north latitude and 27°44'-20°40' east longitude) followed the influence of fertilization and the distance between rows on the plants height (cm), shoots number (shoots·m-2), inflorescences number (inflorescences·m-2), and seeds production (kg·ha-1) at sainfoin (OnobrychisviciifoliaScop.) VLAMAR variety, in the first year of vegetation.The organized experience was bifactorial, 3x5 type, placed according to the method of subdivided plots, with the plot harvestable area of 13.5 m2 (1.5 m x 9 m), in three replications, and the factors studied were: A - the distance between rows with three graduations (a1 - 25 cm, a2 - 37.5 cm and a3 - 50 cm) and B - fertilization with five graduations (b1 - unfertilized, b2 - N50P50, b3 - N50P50K50, b4 - N100P100K100 and b5 - cow manure 20 Mg·ha-1). Following the study, it was found that by applying mineral or organic fertilizers and by sowing at smaller distances between rows higher plants were obtained, with a higher number of shoots·m2.The seed production varied between 91.2 kg·ha-1 for the variant sown at a distance of 50 cm between rows, unfertilized and 324.1 kg·ha-1 for the variant sown at a distance of 25 cm between rows, fertilized with N100P100K100
A BRIEF REVIEW ON THE INFLUENCE OF FLAG LEAF ON CEREALS PRODUCTION
Get PDFProduction in cereal crops is due to some complex physiological and biochemical processes, but is essentially associated with the process of carbohydrate accumulation in the grain filling phase which in turn is attributed to leaf functionalities. A critical stage in the development of wheat plants is the emergence of the final leaf called the flag leaf. At this point the emphasis of management needs to shift to its protection as the flag leaf is critical for attaining high grain yields. Unlike other leaves in the reproductive phase, flag leaves are the main organ for photosynthesis, providing the main assimilated source for plant growth and spike development and also for sensing environmental conditions conducive to adaptation. This short review aims to analyse some of the most important results from the specialized literature regarding the influence of the flag leaf on cereal production. The main documentation platforms were Google Scholar and Web of Science. The importance of the flag leaf in generating yield in grains is without dispute. Protecting the flag leaf is critical to attaining high yields. The vigil starts as soon as growers are able to recognize when the flag begins to emerge
THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME PEPPER GENOTYPES IN SANDY SOIL CONDITIONS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA
Get PDFThe pepper genotypes taken in the study (Bogdan, Ișalnița 85V, L-28 and L-15) were subjected to an analysis of the variability of the main quantitative characteristics of the fruit (fruit weight, fruit height and diameter, pericarp thickness, shape index, number of seminal lobes, peduncle length and diameter). The registered biometric data were statistically processed, calculating for each analyzed character the mean (x̄), the standard deviation (s), the coefficient of variability (s%), the range of variability (k = x̄ ± s) and the frequency of individuals in the range of variability (f%).The statistical analysis of the recorded data showed that the four pepper genotypes are uniform in terms of the variability of the main characters, the coefficient of variability having medium and small values for most of the analyzed characters, and represent a valuable material for the improvement of this species in the conditions of sandy soils in the south of Oltenia
MICRIBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN A HIGHLY POLLUTED SOIL
Get PDFTo emphasize the microbiological activity in a polluted soil, the microbiologicalindicators (the number of bacteria; the number of fungi; and the soil respiration) had been analyzed, both from the qualitative and the qualitative point of view. The researches had been performed in Patranjeni area, in ApuseniMountains on a slope of the AmpoiValley. The soil is AlosolRodicanthropic polluted (with dioxide and trioxide sulphur emissions). The results showed that total counts of bacteria showed very low (220 x 106 viable cells x g-1d.s.) to medium (1270 x 106 viable cells x g-1d.s.) viable cells in the plant root active layer, while the fungi total counts showed a very low number in all the pedogenetic horizons (ranging between 2.40 x 103cfus x g-1d.s. and 3.70 x 103cfus x g-1d.s.). The global indicator of the soil microbiological activity is soil respiration, to which data pointed out low activity (64.20 mg CO2 x g-1d.s.) in the soil profile, except the top horizon, where the activity is medium (11.3 – 11.4 mg CO2 x g-1d.s.). The results of the taxonomic identification showed for bacteria the dominance of Baccilus and Pseudomonas, while for fungi, the dominance of Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Fusarium
THE WEATHERING AS A MAIN PROCESS MODELLING THE SOIL VITAL ENVIRONMENT
Get PDFThe objectives of the paper had been to evaluate the level at which weathering, as the main process active in the studied soil, proceed to modelling the soil vital environment.
The researches had been performed in Patranjeni area, located in The ApuseniMountains, on an AlosolRodic. The results pointed out that on the general background of an extremely anthropic polluted and acid soil (pH below 4.5), the micromorphological observation (on the oriented thin sections) had been reveal an intense weathered process of the skeleton grains (composed of greenish grey sandstones). Consequently, the soil matrix had been in situ enriched with large amounts of weathered products which kept the soil in a state of youth and gives mainly to the Bt2horizon the characteristics of a layer known as „alteration bed‟. The analytical data showed an extremely high level of total Fe, ranging between 14712 ppm and 23759 ppm, whereas the total Mn values are lower and ranged from 176 ppm to 743 ppm. The acidification directly influenced the soil life environment, by increasing: the weathering of the skeleton grains, the soil matrix debazification and the organic matter oxidation. In addition, the soil ecosystem being affected, the soil inhabitants (from macro- to micro-scale) had been also affected. On the other hand, the soil vital environment had been modelled mainly by the weathering that locally buffered the highly acidity and created a vital environment for the soil life
ASPECTS REGARDING THE VARIABILITY OF SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS IN THE BĂNDOIU AREA, THE GREAT BRĂILA ISLAND
Get PDFThe current status of Great Brăila Island is the result of an extensive activity of damming/draining/land reclamation of the Brăila Swamp with the aim to be used in agriculture. The final areas obtained from this complex activity preserve the specific variability of the flood areas. In order to be used in agricultural purposes, they need crop technologies which capitalize the physical and chemical soil properties.
In order to highlight this variability, physical and chemical analysis on soil samples have been done. The analyzes highlighted the following: the soil texture is uniform (clayey and clay-loamy); the indicators characterizing the structural soil state indicate a good structural aggregation; soil reaction is weakly alkaline on the profile for the entire area; humus content varies from low to medium; the total nitrogen content varies from low to high (the vast majority of samples having medium contents); available phosphorus content varies from high to very high; available potassium content ranges from medium to very high; the total content of soluble salts indicates non-saline soils, while the total cation exchange capacity has medium and high values. The statistical analysis of the studied indicators indicates a coefficient of variation with values between 1.99% for the soil reaction and 53.17% for the structural instability index. Detailed analysis of these coefficients indicate a higher variability for the easily exchangeable indicators (such as nutrient supply) and a lower variability for stable elements (total cation exchange capacity, soil texture and soil reaction, being dependent on parent material). The results of the study highlights a relative homogeneity of the area, the indicators varying inside the same class of values, allowing the application of homogenous agricultural technologies on the study area
A COMPARATIVE ANALYZE OF WILLOW SHORT ROTATION COPPICE BIOMASS IN DIFFERENT SITES FROM THE WEST OF ROMANIA
Get PDFWillows are trees and shrubs species important for their wood and wood products but also for their role in environmental protection. In the context of energy crises, woody biomass for short rotation coppice could be one of important energy resource. Willows hybrids RO-892, RO-1077 and RO–1082 developed by National Institute for Research and Development in Forestrywere used to establish short rotation coppice on different sites, even marginal areas like saline soil or ash pods. Biometric characteristics, diameter at 1.0 m, and the maximum height of each shoot, and also the number of shoots per stool were evaluated and the biomass potential was estimated. The research highlighted the capacity of willow to grow on difficult site conditions like saline soil or ash pods. The yield production was significantly lower than on agricultural land but th
GLOBAL PESTICIDE MARKET: SIZE, TRENDS, FORECASTS
Get PDFWorldwide pesticides are used by farmers for growing more food on less land by protecting crops from pests, diseases and weeds as well as raising productivity per hectare. Also, pesticides enable farmers to produce safe, quality foods at affordable prices. Therefore, the market for agricultural pesticides is anticipated to rise by $ 26.23 billion between 2021 and 2025. Pesticide residues can be discovered in a wide range of common foods and drinks, such as prepared meals, water, wine, fruit juices, snacks, and animal feeds. Furthermore, it should be noticed that chemical pesticides have been linked to a variety of detrimental health consequences, including impacts on the skin, gastrointestinal system, nervous system, respiratory system, reproductive system, and endocrine system. The current review was carried out using an objective mixture of primary and secondary information, including inputs from key participants in pesticides industry. Also, it aims at highlighting the urgent need for a new concept in agriculture involving a drastic reduction in the use of chemical pesticides, driving the market to bio-based pesticides
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION AND DYNAMICS OF THE ARTHROPOD FAUNA FROM SOME CORN CROPS IN THE N-E REGION OF MOLDOVA
Get PDFIn order to maintain biodiversity on intensively exploited agricultural land, the monitoring of harmful and useful species is extremely important, as it provides information on the quality of the land and, why not, can provide predictions on the stability of agroecosystems.
The observations regarding the structure of the arthropod entomofauna were made between April and July in the year 2021 in a corn crop in the town of Ghigoiesti. The research carried out aimed to determine the structure and composition of the entomofauna, its abundance and diversity as well as their behavior in the maize crops in the station under observation, and the research was based on the use of Barber-type soil traps, a total of 6, placed in 3 in a row, which have as fixing solution a salt solution (NaCl) with a concentration of 20% for each of the three variants studied. The collected material is represented by species belonging to the arthropod fauna that systematically fall into the following orders: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, Arachnida s.a
THE RESEARCH FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL RECOVERY TECHNOLOGY OF STERILE LANDFILLS RESULTING FROM THE CURRENT EXPLOITATION OF LIGNITE
Get PDFThe research was organized on the Balta Unchiașului tailings dump, Rovinari, Gorj county, a dump covered with 30 cm of fertile soil, aiming to establish the effect of fertilization with fertilizers, cattle manure, compost, lignite –based fertilizer and liquid fertilizer based on humates extracted from lignite on sunflower production and followed the effect of fertilization with mineral fertilizers, manure, compost and liquid fertilizers based on humates extracted from lignite, on the sunflower crop). The chemical characteristics of the crop substrate had a large variability and consisted of: pH values between 8.08 and 8.35, so a slightly alkaline reaction, humus values between 2.50 -3.52%, being valued as a low-medium level of supply, the level of nitrogen total between 0.101 and 1.60%, therefore a low-medium level of supply, mobile phosphorus between 25 and 44 mg/kg, therefore a medium-high level of supply. The most high values is recorded in the variants fertilized with manure and compost, mobile potassium between 152 and 315 mg/kg, so a medium - high supply level, copper between 18 and 23 mg/kg, so normal supply values, nickel between 30 and 37 mg/kg, so an average load, lead between 7 and 12 mg/kg, values that highlight a normal level of load, manganese between 473 and 595 mg/kg, so normal values, zinc between 48 and 66 mg/ kg, showing normal values and cadmium 0.17 AND 0.32 mg/kg so normal values. The sunflower plants can be used as copper hyperaccumulators