1,721,050 research outputs found
High hydrostatic pressure and mild heat combined treatments: A new prospect on inactivation of pathogens and spoilage bacteria in animal based foods
No full textThe ultra-high pressure and hydrostatic pressure-pasteurization to destroy spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms are efficient tools for food industry in order to preserve and increase the shelf-life of treated products, keeping the same flavour and nutritive characteristics of fresh ones.The effect of pressure on microorganisms is connected to many variables that are the microbial species, the cellular morphology, the physical and chemical substrate characteristics, the presence of antimicrobial agents in the media, and parameters such as temperature, time and pression intensity during compression. High pressure treatment can be successfully used on milk and meat, now and in the future, to inactivate both dangerous foodborne pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., and Fastidious spoilage bacteria
Comparison of the immunomagnetic separation method (IMS) with an automated immunoconcentration (VIDAS-ICE) system for detecting Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bovine raw milk and unpasteurized cream
No full textIn order to compar two commercially available immunoseparation/immunoconcentration methods for the isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from food enrichments, a total of 80 dairy samples (40 bovine raw milk samples and 40 unpasteurized cream samples) were tested. The samples were collected in the Parmesancheese area, Parma province (northern Italy), from 9 cheese factories. The IMS requires a 24 h enrichment in m-TSB+acriflavin and after immunoseparation the Dynabeads®-bacteria complexes are plated onto CT-SMACTheVIDAS-ICE method needs a double enrichment, 6 h in m-TSB+acriflavin followed by 18 h in CT-MacConkey broth, and after automated immunoconcentration the samples are streaked onto O157:H7 ID chromogen medium. Even if no colonies of E. coli O157:H7 were isolated from the dairy samples, the IMS technique was laborious compared to the VIDAS ICE method. Moreover, confirmation of suspect colonies grown on CT-SMAC was time-consuming, due to the higher number of sorbitol-negative colonies to be tested compared to the lower number of green colonies grown on O157:H7 ID (433 vs. 153)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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