921,797 research outputs found
Repeated evolution of underwater rebreathing in diving Anolis lizards
No full textThis repository contains all data used to generate all non-image figures (Figures 2-4, Supplementary figures) in Boccia et al 2021, "Repeated evolution of underwater rebreathing in diving Anolis lizards". Data are divided into behavioural and oxygen trace folders. Please see https://github.com/chrisboccia/anole-rebreathing-curbio for code and the data processing pipeline used.
Authors: Christopher K. Boccia, Lindsey Swierk, Fernando P. Ayala-Varela, James Boccia, Isabela L. Borges, Camilo Andres Estupiñán, Alexandra M. Martin, Ramón E. Martínez-Grimaldo, Sebastian Ovalle, Shreeram Senthivasan, Ken S. Toyama, María del Rosario Castañeda, Andrés García, Richard E. Glor, D. Luke Mahler
Abstract: Air-based respiration limits the use of aquatic environments by ancestrally terrestrial animals. To overcome this challenge, diving arthropods have evolved to respire without resurfacing using air held between their cuticle and surrounding water. Inspired by natural history observations in Haiti (DLM & REG pers. obs.) and Costa Rica, we conducted experiments documenting routine air-based underwater respiration in several distantly-related semi-aquatic Anolis lizard species. Semi-aquatic anoles live along neotropical streams and frequently dive for refuge or food, remaining underwater for up to 18 minutes. While submerged, these lizards iteratively expire and re-inspire narial air bubbles – underwater “rebreathing.” Rebreathed air is used in respiration, as the partial pressure of oxygen in the bubbles decreases with experimental submersion time in living anoles but not in mechanical controls. Non-aquatic anoles occasionally rebreathe when submerged but exhibit more rudimentary rebreathing behaviors. Anole rebreathing is facilitated by a thin air layer (i.e., a “plastron”, sensu Brocher) supported by the animal’s rugose skin upon submergence. We suggest that hydrophobic skin, which we observed in all sampled anoles, may have been exaptative, facilitating the repeated evolution of specialized rebreathing in species that regularly dive. Phylogenetic analyses strongly suggest that specialized rebreathing is adaptive for semi-aquatic habitat specialists. Air-based rebreathing may enhance dive performance by incorporating dead space air from the buccal cavity or plastron into the lungs, facilitating clearance of carbon dioxide, or allowing uptake of oxygen from surrounding water (i.e., a “physical gill” mechanism)
Internship at USA Boccia
No full textThis precision-throwing sport has a combination of strategic thinking elements of bocce ball, chess, and curling. Rules for wheelchair-bound and seated athletes are determined from a classification system, which is based on athletes’ level of disability. Contested at the local, regional, national, and international levels, multi-sport organization USCPAA founded boccia in the early 1980s. By 2008, boccia grew at the global scale in over fifty countries. As one of only three paralympic sports that do not have a counterpart in the Olympics, boccia is governed by the Boccia International Sports Federation (BISFed). After several organizational transitions for the previous decade, USA Boccia became a national governing organization (NGO) in 2015. This NGO provides athletes with disabilities the opportunity to compete in boccia from the local to pipeline international competitions. USA Boccia’s mission is to expand the sport of boccia nationwide in the United States through development, growth, and promotion.
As a graphic design intern for USA Boccia — the national governing organization for Paralympics boccia — I typically included the logo’s color scheme in all projects as one of the aspects for my own visual guidelines, which varied based on the assigned project. There were a few instances, however, when I varied this color palette to complement elements in a layout. USA Boccia’s logo was a necessity and served as a visual motif throughout my projects — for print or digital. Although I mostly had the creative freedom towards layout creation, I made sure to include USA Boccia’s photographs whenever possible to avoid misappropriation. When I would employ photographs outside of USA Boccia, I always checked to confirm if a photograph was under the Creative Commons license and did not include human subjects unaffiliated with USA Boccia. Lastly, I based my chosen typography on readability
Internship at USA Boccia
No full textThis precision-throwing sport has a combination of strategic thinking elements of bocce ball, chess, and curling. Rules for wheelchair-bound and seated athletes are determined from a classification system, which is based on athletes’ level of disability. Contested at the local, regional, national, and international levels, multi-sport organization USCPAA founded boccia in the early 1980s. By 2008, boccia grew at the global scale in over fifty countries. As one of only three paralympic sports that do not have a counterpart in the Olympics, boccia is governed by the Boccia International Sports Federation (BISFed). After several organizational transitions for the previous decade, USA Boccia became a national governing organization (NGO) in 2015. This NGO provides athletes with disabilities the opportunity to compete in boccia from the local to pipeline international competitions. USA Boccia’s mission is to expand the sport of boccia nationwide in the United States through development, growth, and promotion.
As a graphic design intern for USA Boccia — the national governing organization for Paralympics boccia — I typically included the logo’s color scheme in all projects as one of the aspects for my own visual guidelines, which varied based on the assigned project. There were a few instances, however, when I varied this color palette to complement elements in a layout. USA Boccia’s logo was a necessity and served as a visual motif throughout my projects — for print or digital. Although I mostly had the creative freedom towards layout creation, I made sure to include USA Boccia’s photographs whenever possible to avoid misappropriation. When I would employ photographs outside of USA Boccia, I always checked to confirm if a photograph was under the Creative Commons license and did not include human subjects unaffiliated with USA Boccia. Lastly, I based my chosen typography on readability
Boccia as a competitive, recreational and inclusive game
No full textBoccia is a type of hall boules for people with most troublesome types of cerebral paralysis and motor skill disorder. It is set in such a way that they can play it despite their disorder. Through this game people with a disorder satisfy their need to participate in sports and find a life purpose in the game as well as actively spend their leisure time. Although it is a Paralympic sport, boccia is known to few people, even to people with special needs. It has spread in some countries, but not in Slovenia.
The first goal of the diploma was to present boccia as a competitive, recreational and inclusive game. The second goal was to prepare an adapted presentation programme of boccia for people of different age, physical and mental capabilities, test the presentation programme on these people and analyse it. I conducted the research in five different institutions with 77 people differing in age, physical and mental capabilities. I found out that all groups responded positively to the presentation of boccia and that boccia was set in such a way that it allows people to play it on different levels. I also discovered that boccia can be played by young and old people with mild or moderate disability in mental development. Unfortunately we face some difficulties with people with severe disabilities in mental development
Teoria e metodologia per la ricerca sul web sociale: tra Big Data e Deep Data
No full textContent created by users online (UGC) is a new kind of research topic in the field of social sciences and it gives us particularly promising data. Defined as qualitative data, it is undeniable that being spontaneously created by the users for an unknown audience places them in a particular condition. In addition to it we have to consider the consequences, for the empirical research, of the ease with which those data are researched and found. This paper focuses on how Big Data are changing the way we are thinking and conducting the research. They lead us to the Computational Social science, which enables a transdisciplinary approach: a sociological observation of online social phenomena using methods of data managing and data collection borrowed from the computer science. As a consequence, we are able to analyze in depth a wide range of data as never before, facing a scenario rich both of opportunities and critical points to not understate. It is necessary, at this point, to keep clear in mind structures and affordances of the platforms, characteristics of the analyzed network, the relation between online conversations and social ties and in the end, all of the previous points have to be framed in a longitudinal perspective in order not to push down the data in an eternal present avoiding to consider their evolution over time
Boccia as a sport and free time activity for individuals with handicap
No full textMá bakalářská práce se zabývá problematikou hry boccia. Začátek teoretické části je věnován objasnění zdravotního postižení, zejména klasifikaci pohybových vad. Nejvíce prostoru zde věnuji shrnutí poznatků z historie, pravidel a druhům boccia. Závěr této části seznamuje s boccia v České republice. Praktická část je věnována dvěma konkrétním jedincům hráčům boccia v kategorii BC 3. Popisuji zde specifika tréninku hráče boccia a především práci asistenta po teoretické i praktické stránce. Zmiňuji se zde i o akci na toto téma pro studenty KTV FPE v Plzni, kterou jsem zprostředkovala společně s trenérem a hráči boccia za podpory Mgr. Věry Knappové, Ph.D. Závěr této části tvoří zmapování dostupnosti hry boccia v Plzeňském kraji.ObhájenoMy bachelor thesis is concerned with a game called boccia. The begining of the theoretical part clarifies the health disability, particularly the clasification of the motion defects. The biggest part is about history, rulles and types of boccia. The end of this part familiarizes with boccia in The Czech Republic. I pay attention to the two individuals in the practical part they are the players of boccia in the category BC 3. I describe the training of boccia and the assistant´s work from theoretical and practical view. I mention the action which I arranged with coach and players of boccia. This action was made for students KTV FPE in Pilsen and it was supported by Mgr. Věra Knappová, Ph.D. The end of this part is about mapping the accessibility of the game boccia in Pilsen region
El Boccia: Factor de integración social y su significado en mujeres y hombres adscritos a la Liga de Parálisis Cerebral de Bogotá
No full textEl siguiente trabajo parte de la necesidad de conocer a través del Boccia como deporte específico o exclusivo dentro de la discapacidad, los significados que para mujeres y hombres en situación de discapacidad han suscitado sus prácticas como un factor de integración social, para lo cual se tuvo en cuenta, en primera instancia la identificación de los significados adjudicados al Boccia por las personas que lo practican en la Liga de Parálisis Cerebral de Bogotá como factor de integración social; en segundo lugar describir los significados adjudicados al Boccia por las personas que conforman el entorno social de las mujeres y hombres que practican el Boccia y finalmente comprender e interpretar los significados adjudicados al Boccia por las personas que practican el Boccia desde el Modelo Social de Patricia Brogna. Dicho estudio se llevó a cabo con la participación de 4 mujeres y 2 hombres deportistas activos de Boccia por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas, narrativas visuales y grupos focales; lo cual llevó a concluir como un factor determinante, a la integración social dentro de las prácticas deportivas de las personas en situación de discapacidad. / Abstract. The next job of the need to know through the sport of Boccia specific or unique within the disability, the meanings for women and men in disability have sucitado their practices as a factor of social integration, for which they had account, firstly identifying the meanings attributed to Boccia for people who practice in the Cerebral Palsy League of Bogotá as a factor of social integration, secondly describe the meanings attributed to Boccia for the people who make the environment social status of women and men who have Boccia and finally understand and interpret the meanings attributed to Boccia for people who practice Boccia in the Cerebral Palsy League of Bogota from the social Model of Patricia Brogna. This study was conducted with the participation of 4 women and 2 men Boccia athletes assets through semistructured interviews, focus groups and visual narratives, which led them to conclude as a determining factor for social integration within sports practices of people with disabilities.Maestrí
Boccia as an adapted and sensitizing sport in Physical Education in Secondary Education
No full textLos deportes adaptados están siendo incluidos en las progra-
maciones de Educación Física. El presente trabajo evalúa el efecto en las
actitudes hacia la discapacidad en Educación Física de la realización de una
unidad didáctica de boccia, siguiendo la enseñanza comprensiva de los de-
portes, y de un torneo inclusivo junto a personas con discapacidad intelec-
tual en el que participó un grupo de estudiantes de educación secundaria.
Adicionalmente, se ha recogido su opinión sobre la boccia como contenido
deportivo en Educación Física. Los resultados indican que los participantes
mejoraron sus actitudes hacia la discapacidad en Educación Física. Ade-
más, los participantes indicaron que la boccia contribuye a la educación en
valores e igualdad de oportunidades, pero no al desarrollo de habilidades y
destrezas básicas. Los estudiantes solo perciben a la boccia como un deporte
sensibilizador, por lo que se debe seguir investigando en esta línea para me-
jorar su opinión como contenido deportivo en Educación Física.Abstract: Adapted sports are being included in physical education pro-
gramming. he present work evaluates the efect in the attitudes toward
disabilityin Physical Education of the realization of a didactic unit of boccia
following the teaching games for understanding’ perspective and an inclu-
sive tournament with people with intellectual impairments of a group of
secondary school students. Additionally, student’s opinion about boccia has
been collected as sports content in Physical Education. he results indica-
te that participants improved their attitudes toward disability in Physical
Education. In addition, participants indicated that the boccia contributes
to values education and equal opportunities, but not to the development
of basic skills and abilities. he students only perceive the boccia as a sen-
sitizing sport, for which reason it is necessary to continue investigating in
this line to improve their opinion as sports content in Physical Education
Boccia participation for people with physical impairments
No full textThe importance of active participation in sport is more and more emphasized in public. It is especially important for people with physical impairments as it may serve for rehabilitation purposes. It also has many other positive outcomes, such as socialising with friends, a better physical shape and an opportunity to achieve good results in competing. People with physical impairments are facing different obstacles, such as lack of organized training, lack of coaching staff and of proper equipment.
The theoretical part of the thesis defines findings in the field of sport for physically impaired athletes and presents in detail boccia - indoor bowling for the disabled, a sport that is well suited for people with severe physical impairments.
In the research part we tried to determine the motives for physically impaired to participate in boccia and its current importance to them. Furthermore, we tried to find out which difficulties occurred at the beginning of their sport participation and which emerged later, during their active involvement. We were also interested to find out who introduced boccia to them and what are their training habits like. The research included 31 active boccia players from Slovenia and Croatia.
The results of the research have shown that people with physical impairments participate in boccia for socialising. Active involvement in boccia is especially important because it gives them an opportunity to socialise with other competitors. The most commonly cited obstacle they were facing at the beginning, was a lack of organized training, and the most commonly listed obstacle during their active participation was a lack of economic resource.
Boccia was most often introduced to the physically impaired by another boccia player (48,4%). All players warm up for at least two minutes before a match, and 83,9% of players warm up at a training session. We also discovered that only a small number of players drink fluids during a match (38,7%)
Differences in financing of paralympic sport boccia in selected contries
No full textThis thesis deals with the financing of the Paralympic sport of boccia. The main objective is to compare the financing of the federations in the Czech Republic with foreign countries. To compare our sources of funding against Slovakia, UK and Portugal in the sport of boccia. The research is based on the analysis of publicly available data, annual reports, official documents and communication with national sports federations. The results show significant differences in the diversity and stability of funding models, with the Czech Republic and Slovakia more dependent on public subsidies, while the UK and Portugal use a wider range of sources. Based on the differences found, the thesis proposes recommendations to ensure greater financial stability of boccia in the Czech environment. The thesis contributes to the understanding of systemic differences in the funding of Paralympic sports and can serve as a basis for further professional and practical discussion in the field of sports policy. Author: Samuel Waage Title: Differences in financing of paralympic sport boccia in selected contries Objectives: The main goal of the work is a comparison of the financing of unions in the Czech Republic with foreign countries. To compare our sources of funding against Slovakia, Great Britain and Portugal in the..
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