5,221 research outputs found
Kinetic energy less lethal weapons and their associated blunt trauma injuries
Get PDFA widely used class of Less Lethal Weapon is the kinetic energy projectile. This can cause blunt trauma to the targeted person and, under certain circumstances, its use can result in permanent injury or death. The low velocity at which Less Lethal projectiles are launched results in inaccuracy of use thus increasing the possibility that non targeted areas of the body susceptible to injury by blunt trauma will be hit. This research has been focused to investigate the impact characteristics of kinetic energy Less Lethal projectiles using different masses, materials, geometries and impact velocities and how they affect the criteria for injury to the head and the thorax.
Computer based models for simulating impacts and possible injuries were investigated. Hydro codes were used to predict the effect of a range of projectile masses and impact velocities for a simplified human target. Physical models were built and tested to compare with the computer predictions. A correlation between projectile mass, velocity and skin penetration was found.
Research was carried out on the impact process using an instrumented projectile to measure the acceleration experienced by the projectile and the duration of acceleration for a range of target materials. A simulated head model with a displacement transducer was used to investigate the impact properties of a range of projectile geometries with the objective of identifying the probable effect on blunt trauma and the level of injury that may be sustained. The introduction of air cavities into the projectile reduced the recorded displacement as well as its acceleration whilst extending the duration of the impact.
High-speed video was used to investigate the impact process between the projectile and the target using a simulated thorax. The target used was a Behind Armour Blunt Trauma (BABT) test rig originally developed to investigate behind armour blunt trauma associated with combat body armour impacted by high velocity projectiles. A wide range of projectile geometries, materials and masses were investigated to examine the probable effect on blunt trauma and the level of injury that may be sustained. The introduction of air cavities and reduction of projectile mass was found to slightly reduce the rate of displacement in the BABT rig; however the maximum displacement remained similar because of the similar masses and velocities involved
Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage : an obituary?
Get PDFDiagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) has been used as a diagnostic procedure in patients with blunt abdominal trauma for almost a century. Its accuracy and reliability are high. However DPL is an invasive procedure and carries a small but significant risk of iatrogenic intra-abdominal injury. Besides, false positive rates as high as 24% have been reported with DPL. This results in unnecessary laparotomies in patients least able to withstand further insult. Ultrasonography used for the diagnosis of patients with intra-abdominal injury from blunt trauma is at least as sensitive and specific as DPL. Its positive predictive value is better than that of DPL. Besides ultrasound provides more information and can be performed rapidly. More importantly, it is non-invasive and therefore free of the complication rate associated with DPL. It is therefore no surprise that the use of DPL is declining both in Europe and the United States. Ultrasonography should be used in preference to DPL in the context of blunt abdominal trauma. Institutions receiving patients with such injuries should have 24-hour ultrasonographic facilities.peer-reviewe
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance (QMR) to assess the regional variation in trabecular bone of the calcaneus
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Biography of Ceerno Ndiaye Ba
No full textThis manuscript is a biography of Ceerno Ndiaye Ba Bababe, in Mauritania. It is one of a series of biographies that the author has written about Islamic leaders in West Africa.Ce manuscrit est une biographie de Ceerno Ndiaye Ba Bababe, en Mauritanie. Elle fait partie d'une série de biographies que l'auteur a écrites sur les dirigeants islamiques en Afrique de l'Ouest
Poems of Sheikh Muhammad al-Ghaly Ba
No full textThis volume contains seven poems handwritten by Muhammad al-Ghāli Ba. According to the author's son, Mountaga Ba, the poems were probably composed in the mid-1970s a time when the author lived in Mauritania, while working at the country's national radio station and serving as a special counsel to then president Moktar Ould Daddah (1924–2003). The poems adress various issues. The first is a call to action addressed to the Mauritianian youth, urging them to join in the collective work for the development of the country. The second poem is a hagiography on Ceerno Ahmad Nene Ba of Kaedi (Mauritania). The poem eulogizes the virtues of the patron. The third describes the event of Sharif Muhammad al-Habib's visit to the region of Fuuta region (Senegal), namely the village of Pate Galo. The fourth poem contains greetings and expresions of love addressed to the author's friends in the town of Kaedi. The fifth poem is a remembrance about good times. The author reminisces and praises the qualities of a woman named Jaari.The sixth poem describes one afternoon journey of the author. The seventh poem is a mournful praisesong in which the author laments the loss of a cherished person.Ce volume contient sept poèmes manuscrits de Muhammad al-Ghāli Ba. Selon le fils de l'auteur, Mountaga Ba, les poèmes ont probablement été composés au milieu des années 1970, à une époque où l'auteur vivait en Mauritanie, alors qu'il travaillait à la radio nationale du pays et était conseiller spécial du président de l'époque, Moktar Ould Daddah (1924). –2003). Les poèmes abordent diverses questions. Le premier est un appel à l'action adressé aux jeunes mauriciens, les exhortant à s'associer au travail collectif pour le développement du pays. Le deuxième poème est une hagiographie sur Ceerno Ahmad Nene Ba de Kaedi (Mauritanie). Le poème fait l'éloge des vertus du mécène. Le troisième décrit l'événement de la visite de Sharif Muhammad al-Habib dans la région de la région de Fuuta (Sénégal), à savoir le village de Pate Galo. Le quatrième poème contient des salutations et des expressions d'amour adressées aux amis de l'auteur dans la ville de Kaedi. Le cinquième poème est un souvenir des bons moments. L'auteur rappelle et loue les qualités d'une femme nommée Jaari. Le sixième poème décrit un après-midi de voyage de l'auteur. Le septième poème est une louange mélancolique dans laquelle l'auteur déplore la perte d'une personne chérie
Spinal bone mineral density by quantitative computed tomography in a normal Italian population.
No full textTrauma abdominal fechado: manejo na unidade de terapia intensiva em um hospital pediátrico terciário
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cuidados Intensivos e Paliativos, Florianópolis, 2015.Objetivo. Analisar o perfil epidemiológico e o manejo de crianças vítimas de trauma abdominal fechado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva em um hospital pediátrico terciário. Metodologia. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, de coorte histórico, descritivo, por meio de análise de prontuários. Resultados. Foram analisados 58 prontuários. Trinta e cinco crianças (60% do total) foram do sexo masculino. A idade média foi de 8,6 anos e a mediana de 9 anos. O tipo de lesão mais comum foi a esplênica com 35% dos casos, seguida da hepática, com 26%. A associação de lesões foi encontrada em 26% dos casos, sendo que o baço foi o principal órgão acometido dentre as associações. Os acidentes com veículos automotores foram os principais mecanismos de lesão, sendo responsáveis por 57% do total. Queda foi a segunda causa de lesão, em 31% dos casos. O tempo de permanência hospitalar médio foi de 12,8 dias, enquanto que o tempo médio aproximado de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva foi de 37 horas. Treze crianças (22% do total) chegaram hemodinamicamente instáveis ao hospital. A chance de uma criança que chegou hemodinamicamente instável ao hospital ser submetida à cirurgia foi 7 vezes maior do que uma criança que chegou estável. Oito crianças mantiveram a instabilidade hemodinâmica mesmo após a ressuscitação volêmica. A chance de um paciente que manteve instabilidade hemodinâmica ser submetido à cirurgia foi 18 vezes maior do que uma criança que se tornou estável hemodinamicamente.Abstract : Objective. To analyze the epidemiology and management of patients with blunt abdominal trauma in the intensive care unit in a tertiary care pediatric hospital. Methodology. This is an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, through analysis of medical records. Results. Fifty-eigth records were analyzed. Thirty-five children (60% of total) were male. The mean age was 8.6 years old and the median was 9 years old. The splenic injury was the most common type of injury, with 35% of cases, followed by the liver injury, with 26%. The injury association was found in 26% of cases, and the spleen was the main organ affected among the associations. The motor vehicle accidents were the main mechanisms of injury, accounting for 57% of the total. Fall was the second cause of injury (31% of cases). The mean length of stay in the hospital was 12.8 days, while in the intensive care unit was approximately 37 hours. Thirteen children (22% of the total) came with hemodynamic instability to the hospital. The chance of a child who came with hemodynamic instability to the hospital undergoing surgery was 7 times greater than a child who came with hemodynamic stability. Eight children maintained hemodynamic instability even after resuscitation. The chance of a patient that remained hemodynamically unstable to undergo surgery was 18 times greater than of a child who became hemodynamically stable
Wake instabilities behind an axisymmetric bluff body at low Reynolds numbers
Get PDFThis paper aims at understanding the dynamical process that leads to the onset of chaos in the flow past a blunt based axisymmetric bluff body. On the ba- sis of direct numerical simulations, conducted for Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 800, we show that the flow undergoes multiple transitions, successively giv- ing rise to the SS, RSPa, RSPb and RSPc wake states. In particular, the RSPc state, revealed in this work via long-term computations, is characterized by intermittent vortex stretching denoting the onset of chaos and the potential occurence of a third instability that superimposes to the first and second instability associated with state RSPa and RSPb respectively. Interestingly, the reflectional symmetry plane that characterizes the RSP states is still retained. Hence, chaos is triggered before the symmetry breaking and the occurence of the RSB state observed at higher Reynolds numbers
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