196,152 research outputs found
Structure And Property Studies Of Hybrid Xerogels Containing Bridged Positively Charged 1,4-diazoniabicycle[2.2.2]octane Dichloride
No full textThe compound di-3-n-propyltrimethoxysilane (1,4-diazoniabicycle[2.2.2] octane) dichloride, [(MeO)3Si(CH2)3N +(CH2CH2)3N+(CH 2)3Si(OME)3]Cl2 was obtained and was used as a precursor reagent to obtain hybrid xerogels where the organic molecule was bonded to a silica framework by reacting the ends of both sides of the precursor reagent. That is, both Si(OME)3 groups react with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) by hydrolysis-condensation reactions. The resulting hybrid xerogels with variable C/Si mole ratios were prepared and analyzed and their textural characteristics determined. The samples prepared presented micropores with diameter 1.5 nm, the chain length of which matched with the estimated length of the organic bridging group. The charged organic bridging groups allow the immobilization of hexacyanoferrate ions by an ion exchange process. The electron transfer process of the hexacyanoferrate anionic complex confined in the pores of the matrices was studied by cyclovoltammetry. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.2971244250Schottner, G., (2001) Chem. Mater., 13, p. 3422Yang, H.-H., Zhang, S.-Q., Yang, W., Chen, X.-L., Zhuang, Z.-X., Xu, J.-G., Wang, X.-R., (2004) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, p. 4054Shchipunov, Y.A., (2003) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 268, p. 68Scott, B.J., Wirnsberger, G., Stucky, G.D., (2001) Chem. Mater., 13, p. 3140Martínez, Y., Retuert, J., Yazdani-Pedram, M., Colfen, H., (2004) Polymer, 45, p. 3257Phillips, S.H., Haddad, T.S., Tomczak, S.J., (2004) Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci., 8, p. 21Kickelbick, G., (2003) Prog. Polym. Sci., 28, p. 83Khoroshevskiy, Y., Korneev, S., Myerniy, S., Kholin, Y.V., Pavan, F.A., Schifino, J., Costa, T.M.H., Benvenutti, E.V., (2005) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 284, p. 424Arenas, L.T., Langaro, A., Gushikem, Y., Moro, C.C., Benvenutti, E.V., Costa, T.M.H., (2003) J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol., 28, p. 51Splendorea, G., Benvenutti, E.V., Kholinc, Y.V., Gushikem, Y., (2005) J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 16, p. 147Arenas, L.T., Aguirre, T.A.S., Langaro, A., Gushikem, Y., Benvenutti, E.V., Costa, T.M.H., (2003) Polymer, 44, p. 5521Arenas, L.T., Vaghetti, J.C.P., Lima, E.C., Moro, C.C., Benvenutti, E.V., Costa, T.M.H., (2004) Mater. Lett., 58, p. 895Fernandes, J.R., Kubota, L.T., Gushikem, Y., Neto, G.O., (1993) Anal. Lett., 26, p. 2555Kogure, M., Ohya, H., Paterson, R., Hosaka, M., Kim, J.-J., McFadzean, S., (1997) J. Membr. Sci., 126, p. 161Gray, G.M., Hay, J.N., (2004) J. Sol-Gel. Sci. Technol., 31, p. 191Cuiming, W., Tongwen, X., Weihua, Y., (2003) J. Membr. Sci., 216, p. 269Lin, C.-L., Tien, P., Chau, L.-K., (2004) Electrochim. Acta, 49, p. 573Walcarius, A., Delacote, C., Sayen, S., (2004) Electrochim. Acta, 49, p. 3775Darder, M., Colilla, M., Lara, N., Ruiz-Hitzky, E., (2002) J. Mater. Chem., 12, p. 3660Cardoso, W.S., Francisco, M.S.P., Lucho, A.M.S., Gushikem, Y., (2004) Solid State Ionics, 167, p. 165Kubota, L.T., Gushikem, Y., (1993) J. Electroanal. Chem., 362, p. 219Liu, S.Q., Chen, H.Y., (2002) J. Electroanal. Chem., 528, p. 190Zaldivar, G.A.P., Gushikem, Y., Benvenutti, E.V., De Castro, S.C., Vasquez, A., (1994) Electrochim. Acta, 39, p. 33Foschiera, J.L., Pizzolato, T.M., Benvenutti, E.V., (2001) J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 12, p. 159Guinier, A., Fournet, G., (1955) Small-Angle Scattering of X-Ray, , Wiley New YorkGlatter, O., Kratky, O., (1982) Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering, , Academic Press LondonBarret, E.P., Joyner, L.G., Halenda, P.P., (1951) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 73, p. 373Brunauer, S., Emmett, P.H., Teller, E., (1938) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 60, p. 309Hou, S.S., Kuo, P.L., (2001) Polymer, 42, p. 9505Davis, M.E., Saldarriaga, C.J., (1988) Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., p. 920Costa, T.M.H., Hoffmann, H.S., Benvenutti, E.V., Stefani, V., Gallas, M.R., (2005) Opt. Mater., 27, p. 1819Azolin, D.R., Moro, C.C., Costa, T.M.H., Benvenutti, E.V., (2004) J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 337, p. 201Takei, T., Chikazawa, M., Kanazawa, T., (1997) Colloid Polym. Sci., 275, p. 1156Shea, K.J., Loy, D.A., (2001) Chem. Mater., 13, p. 3306Muramatsu, H., Corriu, R.J.P., Boury, B., (2003) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125, p. 854Boury, B., Ben, F., Corriu, R.J.P., Delord, P., Nobili, M., (2002) Chem. Mater., 14, p. 730Maniar, P.D., Navrotsky, A., Rabinovich, E.M., Ying, J.Y., Benziger, J.B., (1990) J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 124, p. 101Bard, A.J., Faulkner, L., (2000) Electrochemical Methods - Fundamentals and Applications, , Wiley New YorkMuelwyn-Hughes, E.A., (1961) Physical Chemistry, , Pergamon Londo
Anisotropic Self-organization Of Hybrid Silica Based Xerogels Containing Bridged Positively Charged 1,4-diazoniabicycle[2.2.2]octane Chloride Group
No full textAnisotropic self-organized hybrid silica based xerogels were obtained. The ordered structure was imposed by the double charged 1,4-diazoniabicycle[2.2.2]octane chloride group bonded in a bridged way. This was confirmed by the presence of well defined X-ray diffraction peaks corresponding to an interplanar distance with the same length estimated for the organic bridged groups. The material was characterized by elemental analysis using CHN technique and the chloride ion was analyzed by a potentiometric titration. 13C and 29Si CP MAS solid state NMR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were also performed. The material that can be obtained in the form of powders and transparent monoliths or films, is thermally stable up to 260 °C and the samples with high organic content presented birefringence properties. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.318196102Schubert, U., Gao, Y., Kogler, F.R., (2007) Prog. 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A, 1073, p. 147Arenas, L.T., Simon, N.M., Gushikem, Y., Costa, T.M.H., Lima, E.C., Benvenutti, E.V., (2006) Eclet. Quim., 31, p. 53Lucho, A.M.S., Oliveira, E.C., Pastore, H.O., Gushikem, Y., (2004) J. Electroanal. Chem., 573, p. 55Kanungo, M., Collinson, M.M., (2005) Langmuir, 21, p. 827Lee, B., Im, H.J., Luo, H., Hagaman, E.W., Dai, S., (2005) Langmuir, 21, p. 5372Wong, E.M., Markowitz, M.A., Qadri, S.B., Golledge, S.L., Castner, D.G., Gaber, B.P., (2002) Langmuir, 18, p. 972Kaneko, Y., Iyi, N., Kurashima, K., Matsumoto, T., Fujita, T., Kitamura, K., (2004) Chem. Mater., 16, p. 3417Arenas, L.T., Dias, S.L.P., Moro, C.C., Costa, T.M.H., Benvenutti, E.V., Lucho, A.M.S., Gushikem, Y., (2006) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 297, p. 244Arenas, L.T., Lima, E.C., Santos, A.A., Vaghetti, J.C.P., Costa, T.M.H., Benvenutti, E.V., (2007) Colloids Surf. 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Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
The Influence Of Na+ On The Anilinepropylsilica Xerogel Synthesis By Using The Flouride Nucleophilic Catalyst
No full textAnilinepropylsilica xerogel was obtained by using an appropriate organosilane and tetraethyl orthosilicate as precursor reagents. The gelation was carried out using HF and NaF as catalysts. The presence of Na+ (when NaF was used) resulted in a decrease in the final organic content of the materials. This effect was interpreted as an inhibition of the organosilane polycondensation possibly due to the Na+ interaction with the SiO- groups of the hydrolyzed organosilane. The presence of Na+ also results in morphological changes in the xerogels.2812173177Levy, D., Esquivias, L., (1995) Adv. Mater., 7, p. 120Corriu, R.J.P., Leclercq, D., (1996) Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 35, p. 1420Loy, D.A., Shea, K.J., (1995) Chem. Rev., 95, p. 1431Schubert, U., Hüsing, N., Lorenz, A., (1995) Chem. Mater., 7, p. 2010Aznar, A.J., Sanz, J., Ruizhitzky, E., (1992) Colloid Polym. Sci., 270, p. 165Cerveau, G., Corriu, R.J.P., Fischmeister-Lepeytre, C., (1999) J. Mater. Chem., 9, p. 1149Pedroso, M.A.S., Dias, M.L., Azuma, C., Mothé, C.G., (2000) Colloid Polym. Sci., 278, p. 1180Ogasawara, T., Izawa, K., Hattori, N., Okabayashi, H., O'Connor, C.J., (2000) Colloid Polym. Sci., 278, p. 293Collinson, M.M., (1999) Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 29, p. 289Pavan, F.A., Franken, L., Moreira, C.A., Costa, T.M.H., Benvenutti, E.V., Gushikem, Y., (2001) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 241, p. 143Pavan, F.A., Hoffmann, H.S., Gushikem, Y., Costa, T.M.H., Benvenutti, E.V., (2002) Mater. Lett., , (in press)Feng, P., Xia, Y., Feng, J., Bu, X., Stucky, G.D., (1997) Chem. Commun., p. 949Bernards, T.N.M., Van Bommel, M.J., Jansen, J.A.J., (1998) J. Sol-Gel. Sci. Technol., 13, p. 749Wijnen, P.W.J.G., Beelen, T.P.M., Rummens, K.P.J., Saeijs, H.C.P.L., Haan, J.W., van de Ven, L.J.M., van Santen, R.A., (1991) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 145, p. 17Arriagada, F.J., Osseo-Asare, K., (1995) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 170, p. 8Guo, X., Ding, W., Wang, X., Yan, Q., (2001) Chem. Commun., p. 709Pavan, F.A., Gobbi, S.A., Costa, T.M.H., Benvenutti, E.V., (2002) J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 68, p. 199. , (2002)Prouzet, E., Pinnavaia, T.J., (1997) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 36, p. 516Pavan, F.A., Leal, S., Costa, T.M.H., Benvenutti, E.V., Gushikem, Y., (2002) J. Sol-Gel. Sci. Technol., 23, p. 129Foschiera, J.L., Pizzolato, T.M., Benvenutti, E.V., (2001) J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 12, p. 159Brunauer, S., Emmett, P.H., Teller, E., (1938) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 60, p. 309Sing, K.S.W., Everett, D.H., Haul, R.A.W., Moscou, L., Pierotti, R.A., Rouquérol, J., Siemieniewska, T., (1985) Pure Appl. Chem., 57, p. 603Barret, E.P., Joyner, L.G., Halenda, P.P., (1951) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 73, p. 373Nielsen, S.B., Masella, M., Kebarle, P., (1999) J. Phys. Chem. A., 103, p. 9891Tsurusawa, T., Iwata, S., (1999) J. Phys. Chem. A., 103, p. 6134Hoyau, S., Norrman, K., Ohanessian, G., (1999) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 121, p. 8864Sonnefeld, J., (1996) Colloid Polym. Sci., 274, p. 1137Brinker, C.J., Scherer, G.W., (1990) Sol-gel Science, , Academic, Londo
MICROENCAPSULATION ISSUES IN BIODEGRADABLE POLIMERIC MICROPARTICLES: THE CASE OF 4-METHOXY CHALCONE
No full textMicroencapsulation is an effective strategy to deliver drugs and actives locally or provide control on drug release over a long period of time. Nevertheless, a number of problems require careful management of microencapsulation procedures. Drug loading related plasticization of microparticles (MP) can affect formulation stability and recovery [1]. In this work, we investigated issues related to the plasticizing effect of 4-methoxy chalcone (4-MC) [2] upon encapsulation in polylactide (PLA) and poly(lactide-co.glycolide) (PLGA) polymers. RG202S, RG202H, RG504H, RG504, RG502, PDLG5004A 50/50, and PDLG7507 (75:25) polymers were employed. 4-MC was loaded at 5%, 10% and 20% w/w by a solvent evaporation method [3]. The MP were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size and in vitro drug release analysis. 4-MC caused a loading-dependent change in MP structure and morphology and, for RG202S, MP recovery was impaired. A loading–dependent shift from anti-plasticizing to plasticizing effect was observed, especially for higher MW polymers. 4-MC was generally amorphous in the MP with some crystallinity only at 20% w/w loading in lower MW polymers. In vitro drug release was affected by polymer plasticization and it was slower with non-endcapped polymers, such as RG504, R202H, PDLG5004A and PDLG7507. In order to prevent such issues, inclusion of 4-MC in stearate-Zn-Al hydrotalcites (sHTC) was selected as a potential strategy. 4-MC was intercalated in sHTC up to a 30-50% w/w and thereafter microencapsulated by a W/O/W solvent evaporation method in the same conditions previously employed. The use of sHTC reduced or completely suppressed the plasticizing effect of 4-MC on R202S MP allowing recovery of MP with good morphological features and slower drug release as a result of a harder polymer matrix. On the other hand, at 20% loading, release was higher with sHTC due to a higher 4-MC-sHTC presence on the MP surface and solubility enhancement. In conclusion, non-endcapped higher MW polymers provided the best MP features even at high 4-MC loading. However, the use of sHTC ensures better MP performances and potential storage stability and it could be proposed as a preventive strategy for the encapsulation of strong plasticizing drugs
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Gold Nanoparticle/charged Silsesquioxane Films Immobilized Onto Al/sio 2 Surface Applied On The Electrooxidation Of Nitrite
No full textIn this work, gold nanoparticles lower than 10 nm were prepared in an aqueous medium using two charged silsesquioxanes, the propylpyridinium chloride and propyl- 1-azonia-4-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane chloride, as stabilizer agents which revealed to be water-soluble. This stabilization method is innovative allowing thin films containing gold nanoparticles to be obtained, and it was used for the first time in the preparation of carbon paste electrodes (CPEs). The charged silsesquioxanes were characterized by liquid 13C NMR. The gold nanoparticle/silsesquioxane systems were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and transmission electron microscopy. In sequence, they were immobilized on silica matrix coated with aluminum oxide. The resulting solid materials designated as Au-Py/AlSi and Au-Db/AlSi were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. The results showed that the gold nanoparticle/silsesquioxane systems are strongly adhered to the surface-forming thin films. The Au-Py/AlSi and Au-Db/AlSi materials were used to prepare CPEs for the electrooxidation of nitrite (NO 2 -) using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. 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Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
Simulation of thermal plant optimization and hydraulic aspects of thermal distribution loops for large campuses
No full textFollowing an introduction, the author describes Texas A&M University and its utilities system. After that, the author presents how to construct simulation models for chilled water and heating hot water distribution systems. The simulation model was used in a $2.3 million Ross Street chilled water pipe replacement project at Texas A&M University. A second project conducted at the University of Texas at San Antonio was used as an example to demonstrate how to identify and design an optimal distribution system by using a simulation model. The author found that the minor losses of these closed loop thermal distribution systems are significantly higher than potable water distribution systems. In the second part of the report, the author presents the latest development of software called the Plant Optimization Program, which can simulate cogeneration plant operation, estimate its operation cost and provide optimized operation suggestions. The author also developed detailed simulation models for a gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator and identified significant potential savings. Finally, the author also used a steam turbine as an example to present a multi-regression method on constructing simulation models by using basic statistics and optimization algorithms. This report presents a survey of the author??s working experience at the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) at Texas A&M University during the period of January 2002 through March 2004. The purpose of the above work was to allow the author to become familiar with the practice of engineering. The result is that the author knows how to complete a project from start to finish and understands how both technical and nontechnical aspects of a project need to be considered in order to ensure a quality deliverable and bring a project to successful completion. This report concludes that the objectives of the internship were successfully accomplished and that the requirements for the degree of Degree of Engineering have been satisfied
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