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Le Nouveau Management Public : outil de performance des organisations publiques
No full textOften described as inefficient and less profitable, public organizations have shown enormous dysfunction and deficiencies for years because of their organizational nature and the purpose of their institution (Charreaux, 2006). Therefore, improving their performance remains a major challenge for policy makers and development practitioners. In recent years, with the aim of improving governance and performance, many OECD countries have embarked on a process of modernizing their public management. Since then, the logic of action of the public sector has undergone considerable changes, moving from the old traditional paradigm of "public administration" or "Weberian" paradigm to a "new public management" or new public governance (Osborne, 2006). Along the same lines during the 2000s, administrative reform efforts gained momentum by the Moroccan government as a means of improving the performance of these public organizations. This paper provides an overview of the evolution of the NMP approach, the combination of drivers of change, and the potentials and challenges of its implementation. It focused on the current link between significant reforms and public sector performance. This proposed work aims to delimit the contours and areas where the practice of New Public Management constitutes a valuable support for performance development. The aim is to provide a theoretical reflection on the new public management, thus constituting an appropriate frame of reference for the establishment of a clear, realistic and achievable policy on the management of the public organization.
JEL classification: H11
Paper type: Theoretical ResearchSouvent qualifiées d’inefficaces et moins rentables, les organisations publiques font preuve pendant des années d’énormes dysfonctionnements et de déficiences en raison de leur nature organisationnelle et de la finalité de leur institution (Charreaux, 2006). Par conséquent, l'amélioration de leurs performances reste un défi majeur pour les décideurs et les praticiens du développement. Au cours des dernières années, dans le but d’améliorer la gouvernance et la performance de nombreux pays de l’OCDE se sont engagés dans un processus de modernisation de leur gestion publique. Depuis, la logique d’action du secteur public a connu des évolutions considérables en passant du vieux paradigme traditionnel de « l'administration publique » ou paradigme « wébérien » à un « nouveau management public » ou nouvelle gouvernance publique (Osborne, 2006). Dans la même voie durant la décennie 2000, les efforts de la réforme administrative ont pris de l'ampleur par le gouvernement marocain en tant que moyen d'améliorer la performance de ces organisations publiques. Cet article donne un aperçu sur l'évolution de l'approche du NMP, de la combinaison des facteurs de changement et des potentiels et défis de sa mise en œuvre. Il a mis l’accent sur le lien présent entre les réformes notables et la performance du secteur public.
Ce travail proposé vise à délimiter les contours et domaines où la pratique du Nouveau Management Public constitue un support précieux au développement des performances. Le but étant de fournir une réflexion théorique, sur la nouvelle gestion publique constituant ainsi un cadre de référence approprié pour l’instauration d’une politique claire, réaliste et réalisable en matière de management de l’organisation publique.
Classification JEL : H11
Type de l’article : Recherche théoriqu
Diversité du genre et efficacité du Conseil d’Administration : État des lieux et perspectives des entreprises marocaines
Full text linkThe relationship between gender and governance has been often neglected in both theoretical and empirical work. The role of women in a wide range of jobs has generally been associated with the "private" domain and to the role of men. Women’s participation in governance has long been overshadowed by the prevailing idea that the natural sphere of women is the family and the house. This dominant mindset has been an obstacle to theoretical and practical work on the issue of gender and governance, but the efforts dedicated to this cause- gender and governance- do not cease to make the voice of women in governance more credible. Taking gender into account in corporate governance and its impact on performance has shed light on the role of women in management, particularly in terms of equality. Particular attention paid to the specific position of women on each board of directors and its relationship to performance. Through this article, we seek to analyze and understand the relationship between the presence of women in boards of directors and the performance of public and private companies through a review of empirical research that has examined different dimensions related to: salary, presence, seniority, etc…This research contributes in two different ways: it shows on the one hand the huge gap that still exists between men and women at the top of the management and on the other hand it suggests taking into account the presence of women in the groups of decision-makers.La relation entre genre et gouvernance a trop souvent été négligée dans les travaux tant théoriques qu'empiriques. Le rôle des femmes, dans un large éventail des travaux, a généralement été associé au domaine « privé » et au rôle des hommes. La participation des femmes à la gouvernance a longtemps été occultée par l’idée dominante que la sphère naturelle de la femme est la famille et le foyer. Cet état d’esprit dominant a été un obstacle aux travaux théoriques et pratiques sur la question du genre et de la gouvernance. Néanmoins, les efforts mobilisés à cette cause ne cessent de rendre la voix des femmes dans la gouvernance plus crédible. La prise en compte de l’approche genre dans la gouvernance d'entreprise et son impact sur la performance ont mis la lumière sur le rôle des femmes dans la direction, notamment en matière d'égalité. Une attention particulière a été accordée à la position spécifique occupée par les femmes dans chaque conseil d'administration et à sa relation avec la performance. A travers cet article, on cherche alors à analyser et à comprendre la relation entre la présence féminine dans les conseils d’administration et la performance des entreprises publiques et privées par une revue des travaux de recherche empiriques qui ont examiné différentes dimensions liées au : salaire, présence, ancienneté, etc...Cette recherche y contribue de deux manières différentes : elle démontre d’une part l'énorme écart qui existe encore entre les hommes et les femmes au sommet du management des entreprises et d’autres parts elle suggère la prise en compte de la présence féminine dans les groupes de décideurs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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