1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Human primary CD4 + T cells activated in the presence of IFN-alpha 2b express functional indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
No full textIndoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism
of tryptophan. By creating a local microenvironment in which levels of tryptophan
are low, IDO-expressing antigen-presenting cells (APC) could regulate T cell
activation. This may be relevant to control both viral and bacterial replication
as well as neoplastic cell growth. Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is an antiviral
cytokine affecting cellular differentiation. In addition, it reduces
proliferation of CD4(+) T cells by several molecular mechanisms. To dissect the
molecular steps responsible for the INF-mediated antiproliferative activity, we
sought to determine whether activated primary CD4(+) T cells in the presence of
IFN-alpha would produce IDO. We demonstrate here that IDO mRNA is not present in
resting CD4(+) T cells. Stimulation with anti-CD3 plus interleukin-2 (IL-2)
induces expression of IDO mRNA (about 2000 copies/150,000 cells), as determined
by semiquantitative RT-PCR. When cells were stimulated in the presence of
IFN-alpha, expression of IDO mRNA was significantly increased (more than 12,000
copies/150,000 cells). Functional analysis of IDO activity paralleled the results
obtained with RT-PCR, demonstrating increased production of active enzyme in
CD4(+) T cells stimulated in the presence of IFN-alpha. Our results indicate that
IFN-alpha modulates levels of IDO produced by activated CD4(+) T cells. This
would likely affect bystander cells by modifying levels of tryptophan in the
local microenvironment
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Interactions between the nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 biosynthetic pathways in human amnion-like WISH cells.
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between prostaglandin (PG) and nitric oxide (NO) biosynthetic pathways in human amnion-like WISH cells. Our results indicate that: (1) sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, dose-dependently increases spontaneous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release while it inhibits the prostanoid output induced by the inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta); (2) L-arginine, the substrate of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), is ineffective in both conditions; (3) IL-1beta, which greatly enhances mRNA expression for cyclooxygenase (COX)-inducible isoform (COX-2), does not modify the mRNA expression for the NOS-inducible (iNOS) isoform; (4) indomethacin, which as expected inhibits both basal and IL-1beta-induced PGE2 release, permits the expression of iNOS mRNA in the presence of the cytokine; (5) a similar permissive action on IL-1beta action is exerted by the synthetic steroid betamethasone, which is able to inhibit both mRNA COX-2 expression and IL-1beta-induced PGE2 output in WISH cells; (6) exogenous PGE2 inhibits iNOS mRNA expression induced by indomethacin plus IL-1beta treatment; and (7) PGE2 significantly increases intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). The results reported here suggest the existence of a relationship between the prostaglandinergic and nitridergic pathways in WISH cells. In particular, we demonstrate that exogenous NO inhibits PGE2 release evoked by IL-1beta whereas high levels of the prostanoid, in the presence of proinflammatory agents, exert a negative feed-back control on iNOS mRNA expression, possibly through a cAMP-dependent mechanism
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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