130,583 research outputs found
Style in Malory's book of Balin
No full textThe purpose of this study is to reveal the beginning of Malory's selfconscious artistry as it is exhibited in his book of Balin. I attempt to reveal this through an examination of his prose style, primarily by viewing the changes lie makes in his French source. In the first chapter I define style as not only syntax and the arrangement of words out also narrative structural devices. The second chapter deals with these narrative structural devices. In the third, fourth and fifth chapters I examine the stylistic techniques Malory uses in his narration, description and dialogue. The final chapter looks at "Balin" and its relationship to "The Tale of King Arthur" and the entire Le Morte Darthur
Individual consciousness model
No full textБалин Виктор Дмитриевич. Доктор психологических наук, профессор ка-
федры медицинской психологии и психофизиологии, Санкт-Петербургский го-
сударственный университет. E-mail: [email protected]
Viktor D. Balin. Doctor of psychology, professor of medical psychology and
psychophysiology department, St. Petersburg State University. E-mail: balin@
psy.pu.ruПредставлена точка зрения о том, что сознание можно рассматривать как
научную категорию и как психическое явление. В каждом случае анализ выделенного смысла осуществляется по своим законам. Рассмотрено сознание как психическое явление в форме индивидуального и общественного сознания.
Индивидуальное сознание представлено совокупностью семи сфер: бессознательное, подсознательное, надсознание, самость, миросознание, самосознание, сверхсознание. Предлагается модель миросоздания как сферы индивидуального сознания, деятельность которой направлена на индивидуализацию окружающей среды – физического пространства, которое преобразуется в психологическое, калиброванное, в соответствии с персональной системой ценностей, и предназначенное для достижения индивидуальных целей. Дается расширенная трактовка психологических защит. Предложена модель индивидуального сознания на основе набора описанных ранее его свойств и выделенной автором системы соотнесенных понятий и условий. Приведена интерпретация используемых в этой модели терминов. Описаны три этапа построения картины мира (работы мироздания). According to author’s point of view, consciousness is a generalpsychological and philosophical category,
on the one hand, and it is a phychological phenomenon on the other hand. In either case, analysis has its own way of research. The paper is devoted to, mainly, investigation of consciousness as a psychological phenomenon.
Main attention of the paper is directed to world-consciousness (world,s stabil conception) model. World-consciousness activity’s fundamental purpose consist in individualization of environment (physical space) with aim to transformation him to psychological space, calibrating space. It necessary for agreement with personal system of values and intended for to attain individual purposes. Is happening
expansion interpretation of psychological protections
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Human Virtual Memory CD8+ T cells: the role of cytokines on cell development and functionality
No full textVirtual memory T cells (TVM) are a subset of TCRαβ+CD8+ T cells recently identified in mice that, despite lacking prior antigen exposure, express typical markers of conventional memory T cells and play a protective role during the early phase of inflammatory/infectious processes. They are characterized by a high expression of the transcription factor Eomesodermin (Eomes). TVM cells have been recently described also in human peripheral blood. Similar to their murine counterparts, human TVM express high levels of Eomes. Unlinke murine TVM, they are divided into two subsets characterized by mutually exclusive expression of NKG2A and KIR.
While murine TVM development has been extensively studied, little is known about the differentiation of these cells in humans. Evidence suggests that, in mice, IL-4, IL-15, and type I interferons (IFN-I) may play a role in this process. To investigate the impact of these cytokines on human thymic and peripheral TVM development, we cultured human pediatric thymocytes and adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro with or without these cytokines and analyzed their phenotype using a 27-color spectral flow-cytometry panel.
TCRαβ+CD8+Eomes+ cells developed among thymocytes only in the presence of IL-4 or IL-4+IL-15 after 9 days of in vitro stimulation. Interestingly, these cells were characterized by a naïve phenotype (CD45RA+CD27+CCR7+), lacking the expression of both NKG2A and KIRs. On the other hand, IL-4+IL-15 in vitro-stimulated PBMCs resulted in the expansion of two subsets of TCRαβ+CD8+Eomes+ cells characterized by the expression of either KIRs or NKG2A with a TEMRA (CD45RA+CCR7-) and TEM (CD45RA-CCR7-) phenotype respectively. Notably, we observed that the stimulation with IL-15+IFN-I is necessary by PBMCs to acquire a cytotoxic-potential, evidenced by a high expression of Granzyme B and Perforin.
Overall, our findings indicate that human TVM differentiation is dependent on IL-4+IL-15, while cytotoxic-potential of these cells are sustained by IL-15+IFN-I stimulation
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