101,496 research outputs found
Gaining Insight into Exclusive and Common Transcriptomic Features Linked with Biotic Stress Responses in Malus
No full textIdentifying key information in transcriptomic data is very important, especially when the “omic” study deals with plant responses to stresses in field conditions where a high number of variables and disturbing factors may affect the analysis. In this meta-analysis we collected 12 transcriptomic works in Malus in order to identify which key genes, proteins, gene categories are involved in general plant pathological conditions and those features linked with exclusive biotic stress responses. Those genes that are only related with molecular responses to pathogen attacks and those linked with other plant physiological processes were identified. A pipeline composed by pathway and gene set enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction networks and gene visualization tools was employed. A total of 13,230 genes of the 12 studies were analyzed with functional data mining tools: 5,215 were upregulated, 8,015 were downregulated. Gene set enrichment analysis pointed out that photosynthesis was inhibited by Erwinia amylovora and fungal pathogens. Different hormonal crosstalk was linked with responses to different pathogens. Gibberellin-related pathways, ABA-related were mostly repressed by fungal pathogens. Relating to transcription factors, genes encoding MYBs and WRKY2 were downregulated by fungal pathogens and 12 WRKYs were commonly regulated by different biotic stresses The protein-protein interaction analysis discovered the presence of several proteins affected by more than one biotic stress including a WRKY40 and some highly interactive proteins such as heat shock proteins. This study represents a first preliminary curated meta-analysis of apple transcriptomic responses to biotic stresses
Essays on river mechanics
No full textCER89-90-PYJ-14.Presented by the Graduate Students in CE 717 River Mechanics (Spring 1990).Instructor: P. Y. Julien.Includes bibliographical references.May 1990.Predicting Sediment Yield of a Watershed by Margaret Tauzer -- Particle Entrainment by River Flows by Kathy Chase -- Bed Forms and Resistance to Flow by Yasser Raslan -- An Examination of the Dynamic Loop Rating Curve in Alluvial Rivers by Phil G. Combs -- Scour Downstream of Hydraulic Structures by T. K. Burke -- Distorted Physical Hydraulic Models, Theory and Practice by Fred L. Ogden -- Life Expectancy of Reservoirs by T. G. Anthony Balan
Transcriptomic responses to biotic stresses in Malus x domestica: A meta-analysis study
No full textRNA-Seq analysis is a strong tool to gain insight into the molecular responses to biotic stresses in plants. The objective of this work is to identify specific and common molecular responses between different transcriptomic data related to fungi, virus and bacteria attacks in Malus x domestica. We analyzed seven transcriptomic datasets in Malus x domestica divided in responses to fungal pathogens, virus (Apple Stem Grooving Virus) and bacteria (Erwinia amylovora). Data were dissected using an integrated approach of pathway- and gene- set enrichment analysis, Mapman visualization tool, gene ontology analysis and inferred protein-protein interaction network. Our meta-analysis revealed that the bacterial infection enhanced specifically genes involved in sugar alcohol metabolism. Brassinosteroids were upregulated by fungal pathogens while ethylene was highly affected by Erwinia amylovora. Gibberellins and jasmonates were strongly repressed by fungal and viral infections. The protein-protein interaction network highlighted the role of WRKYs in responses to the studied pathogens. In summary, our meta-analysis provides a better understanding of the Malus X domestica transcriptome responses to different biotic stress conditions; we anticipate that these insights will assist in the development of genetic resistance and acute therapeutic strategies. This work would be an example for next meta-analysis works aiming at identifying specific common molecular features linked with biotic stress responses in other specialty crops
Productivitatea și calitatea fructelor de măr în sistem superintensiv de cultură
No full textScopul lucrării constă în studiul soiurilor şi argumentarea metodei de tăiere a coroanei pomilor de măr Golden Delicious, Gala Delicious și Granny Smith, altoite pe potaltoiul M9 în sistem superintensiv în vederea creșterii competitivității tehnologice în producerea şi comercializarea fructelor cu valoare adăugată înaltă. În cercetare s-au studiat 2 variante de tăiere: V1. Tăierea de întreţinere şi de fructificare (martor); V2. Tăierea de întreţinere şi de fructificare cu dirijarea şarpantelor fără scurtări. Pomii de măr, din soiurile studiate, în perioada de plină rodire au atins recolta maximă de 1820 kg/pom în anul 2019. Pomii în V2 au avut o recoltă mai mare comparativ cu martorul. Spre exemplu, la vîrsta de 11 ani, pomii din soiul Gala Delicious au produs 60,9 t/ha în V1 și 65,4 t/ha în V2. Aceeași legitate s-a înregistrat și la soiurile Golden Delicious și Granny Smith în sensul că recolta se mărește în varianta cu tăierea de întreţinere şi de fructificare cu dirijarea şarpantelor fără scurtări
Millettia pulchra var. munnarensis Balan & Predeep 2017
No full textM. pulchra var. munnarensis Recently, Balan et al. (2017) described another new taxon of Millettia with large and violet flowers, i.e. M. pulchra (Bentham 1852: 248) Kurz (1873: 69) var. munnarensis Balan & Predeep (2017: 97). Millettia pulchra is a complex species widely distributed from Northeast India to Southern China, and includes seven varieties that hardly distinguished from each other (Wei & Pedley 2010, Song et al. 2017). The authors suggested that this new variety is strikingly different from all the other varieties of M. pulchra in having large flowers (2.8 cm long) and pods with 8–10 seeds. It is noted that the holotype and isotypes of this new variety was collected from Munnar, Idukki District, Kerala, South India (S.V. Predeep 20986, Fig. 1: C–D), where is far away from the geographic distribution of all the other varieties of the species (see Map 1 in Balan et al. 2017), but is very near to the type locality of M. pseudoracemosa. In fact, examination of literature and specimens showed that M. pulchra var. munnarensis is quite similar to M. pseudoracemosa in morphology and distribution. Furthermore, when comparing with all the other species of Millettia from India recorded in the literature (Table 1), both M. pseudoracemosa and M. pulchra var. munnarensis cannot be distinguished from M. dura Dunn in various characters, including habit, shape, number and hairiness of leaflets, inflorescence type, size and color of flower, and shape and size of pod (Table 2). Millettia dura was validly published by Dunn (1911), although he just give a simple Latin diagnosis in a key to species. One year later, Dunn (1912) provide a full Latin description and eight collections from Africa, including three gatherings collected by M. T. Dawe (# 452, Fig. 2A; # 459; # 481, Fig. 2B) in 1905 from Toro, western Uganda. Some seeds from one of type localities were sent by M. T. Dawe to Kew Royal Botanic Garden at that time. Based on living plants raised from these seeds at Kew, a beautiful colored drawing was published as tab. 8959 in the Curtis’s Botanical Magazine (Stapf 1923; Fig. 2: C–D). These materials are very important for understanding of this taxon, thus a specimen collected by Dawe with a better preservation, i.e. M. T. Dawe 481 (K000263154), is designated here as the lectotype.Published as part of Song, Zhu-Qiu, 2023, The identities of Millettia pseudoracemosa and M. pulchra var. munnarensis (Fabaceae: Millettieae) from South India, pp. 55-63 in Phytotaxa 591 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.591.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/778427
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Extending Set Functors to Generalised Metric Spaces
No full textFor a commutative quantale V, the category V-cat can be perceived as a category of generalised metric spaces and non-expanding maps. We show that any type constructor T (formalised as an endofunctor on sets) can be extended in a canonical way to a type constructor TV on V-cat. The proof yields methods of explicitly calculating the extension in concrete examples, which cover well-known notions such as the Pompeiu-Hausdorff metric as well as new ones.
Conceptually, this allows us to to solve the same recursive domain equation X ≅ TX in different categories (such as sets and metric spaces) and we study how their solutions (that is, the final coalgebras) are related via change of base.
Mathematically, the heart of the matter is to show that, for any commutative quantale V, the “discrete functor Set → V-cat from sets to categories enriched over V is V-cat-dense and has a density presentation that allows us to compute left-Kan extensions along D
Balan?a adaptada para aulas experimentais inclusivas de Qu?mica
No full textCom a inclus?o de alunos com necessidades especiais em salas de aula da rede regular de ensino, novas metodologias de ensino t?m sido propostas para facilita??o do processo de ensino-aprendizagem para esta nova classe de alunos. No que diz respeito a alunos com baixa ou nenhuma vis?o, a utiliza??o de recursos como grafia braille, material em alto-relevo e uso de tecnologias assistivas como softwares e teclados de leitura de telas de computadores, calculadoras sonoras, linhas braile, entre outras, t?m permitido a facilita??o da inclus?o destes alunos em salas de aula de ensino regular. Para o ensino de Qu?mica, estes recursos facilitam a assimila??o do conte?do te?rico apresentado em sala, mas pouco ajudam no desenvolvimento de habilidades pr?ticas. Assim, situa??es que para alunos normovisuais s?o simples como a medida de pesos de materiais e medidas de volumes de l?quidos s?o impratic?veis por alunos n?o videntes por falta de instrumenta??o adequada. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver metodologias de medidas de massas de s?lidos e volumes de l?quidos utilizando-se uma balan?a adaptada para uso por alunos n?o videntes de modo a permitir que estes possam desenvolver aulas experimentais que necessitem medidas de pesos e de volumes de l?quidos. As metodologias foram desenvolvidas por um aluno n?o vidente de um curso de licenciatura em Qu?mica de n?vel superior e podem ser aplicadas em salas de aula de n?vel m?dio. Com a mesma foi poss?vel ao aluno n?o vidente medir massas de s?lidos e de l?quidos e preparar solu??es dentro da precis?o permitida pela balan?a (?0,25g). Al?m do car?ter cognitivo relativo aos conhecimentos adquiridos pelo aluno, outros aspectos como quebra de paradigmas quanto ao ensino de qu?mica experimental para alunos n?o videntes e melhoria da autoestima do aluno foram observados
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