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Resursele agroecologice ale periferiei Codrilor de Est şi dezvoltarea viţei de vie a soiurilor de selecţie nouă
Get PDFRezultatele prezentate se referă la evaluarea resurselor ecopedologice (clima, relieful, solul) şi dezvoltarea viţei de vie a soiurilor de selecţie nouă Apiren Roz și Apiren Negru de Grozeşti - soiuri fără seminţe, Moldova, Feteasca albă şi I-2-24 – genotipuri cu seminţe. Scopul cercetărilor a fost de a studia resursele agroecologice ale periferii Codrilor de Est și dezvoltarea viței de vie de selecție nouă. Pentru realizarea scopului propus au fost înaintate următoarele obiective: evaluarea resurselor agroecologice ale periferii Codrilor de Est; observații privind decurgerea fazelor fenologice de dezvoltare a soiurilor de selecție nouă în dependență de condițiile agroecologice; studiul creșterii și maturării lăstarilor anuali; determinarea productivității soiurilor de selecție nouă în dependență de condițiile agroecologice. Rezultatele cercetărilor au permis formularea următoarelor concluzii şi recomandări: Parametrii de calitate, manifestați de soiurile studiate, permit utilizarea lor conform direcției de utilizare stabilită: Apiren roz și Moldova – struguri pentru consum în stare proaspătă, Fetească albă și I-2-24 – prepararea vinurilor, iar Apiren negru de Grozești – utilizare mixtă și procesare tehnologică; Soiurile de viţă de vie noi create s-au evidenţiat cu diferit grad de rezistenţă la factorii nefavorabili abiotici şi biotici: la ger, mană, făinare, putregaiul cenuşiu; Soiurile de viţă de vie noi create au manifestat o largă gamă de însuşiri care permit a fi încadrate în ampelo-ecosisteme eficiente în conformitate cu condiţiile ecopedologice ale periferiei Codrilor de Est
Evaluarea comportamentului unor cultivari de orz de toamnă cultivați în sistem conservativ de lucrare a solului din zona de centru
Get PDFFişierul ataşat conţine: Adnotare, Cuprins, Библиграфия, Preliminarii, Bibliografie.Agricultura durabilă este la moment considerată unica cale de gestionare corectă a solului pentru a reduce impactul schimbărilor climatice, prin implementarea în unităţile agricole a agriculturii conservative care se deosebeşte mult de agricultura tradiţională, nu numai prin aspectele tehnologice, ecologice şi economice, dar şi prin aspectele sociale.
Scopul cercetării a constat în evaluarea comportamentului unor cultivari de orz de toamnă cultivați în sistem conservativ de lucrare a solului din zona de centru, pe parcursul a doi ani agricoli (2020/2021-2021/2022).
Sarcinile au constat în efectuarea observărilor fenologice de câmp a culturii orzului de toamnă pe vegetație, stabilirea gradului de germinare a boabelor de orz în câmp și supraviețuirii genotipurilor cercetate în cultura de concurs, determinarea înălțimii plantelor de orz de toamnă, controlul pe vegetație a supra rezistenței plantelor la unii factori nefavorabili, stabilirea nivelului de producție de boabe a orzului pe anii de cercetare sub influența sistemului de lucrare a solului și condițiile agrometeorologice, determinarea parametrilor fizici ai cariopselor de orz și stabilirea nivelului de rentabilitate a tehnologiei de cultură a orzului de toamnă
Evaluarea potenţialului productiv al agroecosistemelor cu cernoziomuri erodate din regiunea de est a Republicii Moldovei
No full textThis studies exposes the results of research to assess the production capacity of the soil cover joint at different agroecosystems. It was established that for field crops, typical moderate humus chernozems have the highest level of productivity (15% taller than me chernozems leachates). The highest potential for vineyard agroecosystems have calcic chernozem (9% increased only moderately typical chernozem humus-rich soil, for table varieties as well as technical ones. The productive potential of fruit agroecosystems within calcic subtypes is reduced by 38% compared with 42% leachate chernozems to moderate humus chernozem typical varieties both pome and stone for those. The degree of erosion directly affect productivity agroecosystems
Influence of soil erozion on the agocenosis harvest of winter wheat
Get PDFOnly AbstractThe researches were carried out during 2023, in Gordinești town, Edineți district, on deep loamy-clay leached chernozems and of different degrees of erosion in the agrocenosis in winter wheat.
Leached chernozems are characterized by the deep leaching of carbonates outside the soil profile, the existence of illuviation processes, which morphologically is reflected in the increased subsidence of the Bw horizon and the formation of the finely prismatic and nut-liked structure. The soil profile is differentiated into horizons: A (humus-cumulative), Bw (iluvial-cambic), which, usually, according to settlement, structure and color, is subdivided into sub-horizons Bw1, Bw2. Visible carbonates in the form of threads and concretions appear in the Ck horizon, and weak effervescence with HCL is observed in the lower part of the Bw2 horizon or BCk horizon.
The reaction of the soils in the upper horizons is neutral (pH – 7.1 – 7.2), and with the appearance of carbonates in the lower horizons, it becomes weakly alkaline (pH – 7.5 – 8.1).
The investigated profiles differ estabilished according to the thickness of A in the non-eroded and slightly eroded soils and according to the thickness of the humiferous horizon (with a content of more than 1% humus) in all the investigated soils. It was estabilished that the highly eroded soils have a thickness of the humiferous horizon 3.5 times less compared to the non-eroded leached chernozem and 2.2 times less compared to the moderately eroded leached chernozem. Excessively eroded soils are characterized by an arable layer formed from the former BC horizon (very poorly humified parent rock with a humus content of 0.5-1%)
The influence of desertification factors in the Republic of Moldova and the tasks to combat it
No full textEnvironmental protection is a problem of global importance, which must become a national priority, because it directly concerns the living conditions and the health of the population, the achievement of economic interests, as well as the capacities of sustainable development of the society. Desertification is considered one of the main global economic problems, in particular because of the reciprocal link between land degradation and food production. Desertification, land degradation and droughts are a danger to human food security, reducing agricultural production and even destroying homes. According to the evaluation of the United Nations Environment Program due to the desertification process, over 40 million ha were severely affected. Every year over 900 million people are subjected to the negative influence of desertification processes. In the Republic of Moldova, soil degradation and desertification processes are conditioned by both natural conditions and anthropogenic factors. Among the natural conditions are the climatic phenomena (torrential rains, frequent periods of drought and drought, strong winds), the rugged relief, the lithogenesis and the composition of the rocks from the earth's surface. Currently, on the territory of the Republic about 40 % of the agricultural lands have soils eroded of different degree: weakly eroded - 23.2 %, moderately eroded - 11.7 and strongly eroded - 4.9 %. Each year the surface of the eroded land increases by an average of 0.9 %, and the annual losses of fertile soil are estimated at 26 million tons. The balance of humus is profoundly deficient, the reserves of humus decrease annually by about 1 t/ha, the nutrients by 180 - 200 kg/ha. The damage caused to the national economy by the loss of production through soil degradation amounts to about 3.1 billion lei (251 million USD) annually. The degradation of the soil cover and the drying of the climate during the spring-summer period lead to the intensification and extension of the desertification processes of the lands
The results of direct N2O emissions inventory issued from the mineral and organic fertilizers applied to the agricultural soils of the Republic of Moldova over the period 1990-2012
No full textArticolul prezintă rezultatele unui studiu axat pe evaluarea emisiilor directe de protoxid de azot (N2O) provenite de la aplicarea în sol a îngrăşămintelor chimice azotate şi îngrăşămintelor organice naturale în Republica Moldova pe parcursul perioadei 1990–2012, pentru a fi incluse în Inventarul Naţional de gaze cu efect de seră în cadrul Primului Raport Bienal Revăzut al Republicii Moldova către Convenţia-cadru a Organizaţiei Naţiunilor Unite cu privire la schimbarea climei (CONUSC). Metodologiile de calcul se bazează pe cele disponibile în Ghidul bunelor practici şi managementul incertitudinilor în inventarierea emisiilor naţionale ale gazelor cu efect de seră (GISC, 2000) şi Ghidul 2006 pentru inventarierea emisiilor naţionale de gaze cu efect de seră (GISC, 2006). Rezultatele obţinute permit a constata, că pe parcursul perioadei de referinţă, emisiile directe N2O de la aplicarea în solurile agricole ale Republicii Moldova a îngrăşămintelor chimice azotate s-au redus cu circa 63,0%, de la circa 1,4473 kt în anul 1990, până la 0,5351 kt în anul 2012, pe când emisiile directe N2O de la aplicarea îngrăşămintelor organice naturale s-au redus cu circa 99,8%, de la 0,8571 kt în anul 1990, până la 0,0020 kt în anul 2012. Această situaţie se explică prin reducerea semnificativă a cantităţilor de îngrăşăminte minerale şi organice aplicate în perioada respectivă.The article presents the results of a study focused on the estimation of direct nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions issued from synthetic nitrogen fertilizers and natural organic fertilizers introduced in the soils of the Republic ofMoldova over the period 1990–2012, for the purpose of being included in the National Inventory of Greenhouse Gasesin the framework of First Biennial Update Report of the Republic of Moldova under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Calculation methodologies are based on those available in the Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse GasInventories (IPCC, 2000) and IPCC 2006 Guidelinesfor National Greenhouse GasInventories (IPCC, 2006). The obtained resultsrevealed that over the reference period the direct N2O emissionsfrom synthetic nitrogen fertilizers applied to soils were reduced by 63.0%, from 1.4473 kt in 1990 to 0.5351 kt in 2012, while the direct N2O emissionsfrom nitrogen organic fertilizers- by 99.8%, from 0.8571 kt in 1990 to 0.0020 kt in 2012. This situation is due to the significant reduction of the total amount of mineral and organic fertilizersthat were applied during this period
Productivitatea grâului de toamnă în dependenţă de proprietăţile fizice şi fizico-chimice ale solului
No full textProblema producerii culturilor de cereale a fost şi va rămâne una dintre cele mai actuale din complexul agro-industrial al ţării. Pentru a avea o recoltă bogată, este esenţial de a respecta toate procedurile tehnologice pentru cultivarea culturilor de toamnă. Principalul element în dezvoltarea agricolă a Moldovei este producţia de cereale. În ţările dezvoltate se produce în mediu 1 tonă de cereale pe cap de locuitor. Această cantitate este suficientă pentru a oferi populaţiei produsele necesare. Republica Moldova este o ţară în curs de dezvoltare şi produce în prezent aproximativ 1,3-1,5 milioane tone de cereale, adică aproximativ 500 kg/cap de locuitor. Grâul de toamnă este una dintre cele mai importante culturi, ocupând anual în ţara noastră aproximativ 320-350 de mii de hectare. Dar recolta acestei culturi continuă să rămână destul de mică (aproximativ 2 - 2,5 t/ha). The problem of producing cereal crops was and will remain one of the most current in the country’s agro-industrial complex. In order to have a rich harvest, it is essential to observe all the technological procedures for growing autumn crops. The main link in Moldova’s agricultural development is the production of cereals. In developed countries, there is produced 1 ton of cereals per head of inhabitant. This is enough to provide the population with all the necessary products. The Republic of Moldova is a developing country and currently produces about 1.3-1.5 million tons of cereals, which is about 500 kg / head of inhabitant. Autumn wheat is one of the most important crops, occupying annually in our country about 320-350 thousand hectares. But the harvest of this crop continues to remain quite small (about 2 - 2.5 t / ha)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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