520 research outputs found
How do flooding regime and traits related to oxygen uptake and transport affect plant performance?
No full textCornelissen, J.H.C. [Promotor]Zeng, B. [Promotor]Bodegom, P.M. van [Copromotor
Verbale pralines. Ambiguiteït in verhalen over professioneel handelen van ergotherapeuten in een weerbarstige samenleving.
No full textChanges in the structure of the 1:2 complex of N-ethyl-N-methylmorpholinium and 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane, MEM(TCNQ)2, above room temperature: I. Determination of the structures at 294 and 323 K
No full textCrystals of MEM(TCNQ) 2 are triclinic, space group P1, with a = 7.773 (8), b = 15.292(15), c = 6.960 (7)A, a = 112.34 (6), fl = 74.59 (6), y = 111.85 (6) °, U = 702 A 3 at 294 K, and a = 7.775 (8), b= 15.290 (15), c = 6.979 (7)A, a = 112.01 (6),fl= 75.00 (6),)'= 111.77 (6) ° , U= 707 A 3 at 323 K, Z= 1. Intensities were collected with Zr-filtered Mo radiation on an automatic Nonius CAD-3 diffractometer. Anisotropic least-squares refinements decreased Rw(F) to 0.077 for 2471 reflections at 294 K, and to 0.089 for 1877 reflections at 323 K. The reported structures are compared with the structure at 113 K [Bosch & van Bodegom (1977). Acta Cryst. B33, 3013-3021]. The individual TCNQ group, as well as the types of overlap between successive TCNQ molecules in the dimerized TCNQ stack, hardly changes between l l3 and 323 K; both separationsbetween the TCNQ units increase by 0.07 A. The major change is the increasing disorder of the MEM group with increasing temperature. With the assumption of two preferred orientations the 100% occupancy of the orientation observed at 113 K decreases to 84% at 294 K and 63% at 323 K. This increase in disorder is used to explain the results of electrical-conductivity measurements
Upscaling methane emissions from rice paddies: problems and possibilities.
No full textGlobal methane emission estimates depend highly on the models, techniques, and databases used. Since emissions cannot be measured directly at large scales, it is impossible to judge which estimate is more realistic. In this paper, different aspects of uncertainty in upscaling methane emissions from rice paddies are discussed. These aspects are visualized by a case study on the spatial upscaling of methane emissions from the island of Java, Indonesia. The first aspect concerns process information. An approach to incorporate this information in a simplified but process-based way in predictive models is discussed. Sources of uncertainty include the methane emissions measurements, processes quantification, process simplification, and the use of data transfer functions. Data availability of input parameters, the second aspect, is uncertain because of differences between different data sources, the use of data sources for purposes not originally planned for, and the scale at which data are available. Data interpolation in combination with nonlinear model responses introduces scaling errors, the third aspect. Data accuracy introduced the highest uncertainties in emission estimates but is rarely accounted for in the estimation of global emissions
Verbrede financiering voor duurzaam natuur- en ecosysteeembeheer : een actueel en informatief kennisoverzicht samengesteld ter ondersteuning van de kennisagenda van het Ministerie van Landbouw, Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit : kennis scan
No full textVerbrede financiering is een thema dat in de afgelopen jaren snel aan populariteit gewonnen heeft. Vele organisaties werken eraan, of hebben er interesse voor. Het aantal publicaties op dit gebied is aanzienlijk. Het gaat daarbij aan de input zijde om financieringsbronnen, instrumenten en mechanismen die ten behoeve van het duurzaam beheer geld inbrengen (subsidies, belastingvoordelen, kredieten aandelen, obligaties; privaat, publiek, nationaal en internationaal). Aan de output zijde van het systeem betreft het de betaling voor de duurzame levering van goederen en diensten uit het ecosysteem en de markten – of andersoortige arrangementen - die daarmee samenhangen
The imprint of plants on ecosystem functioning: A data-driven approach
No full textTerrestrial ecosystems strongly determine the exchange of carbon, water and energy between the biosphere and atmosphere. These exchanges are influenced by environmental conditions (e.g., local meteorology, soils), but generally mediated by organisms. Often, mathematical descriptions of these processes are implemented in terrestrial biosphere models. Model implementations of this kind should be evaluated by empirical analyses of relationships between observed patterns of ecosystem functioning, vegetation structure, plant traits, and environmental conditions. However, the question of how to describe the imprint of plants on ecosystem functioning based on observations has not yet been systematically investigated. One approach might be to identify and quantify functional attributes or responsiveness of ecosystems (often very short-term in nature) that contribute to the long-term (i.e., annual but also seasonal or daily) metrics commonly in use. Here we define these patterns as “ecosystem functional properties”, or EFPs. Such as the ecosystem capacity of carbon assimilation or the maximum light use efficiency of an ecosystem. While EFPs should be directly derivable from flux measurements at the ecosystem level, we posit that these inherently include the influence of specific plant traits and their local heterogeneity. We present different options of upscaling in situ measured plant traits to the ecosystem level (ecosystem vegetation properties – EVPs) and provide examples of empirical analyses on plants’ imprint on ecosystem functioning by combining in situ measured plant traits and ecosystem flux measurements. Finally, we discuss how recent advances in remote sensing contribute to this framework.Musavi, Talie; Mahecha, Miguel D; Migliavacca, Mirco; Reichstein, Markus; van de Weg, Martine Janet; van Bodegom, Peter M; Bahn, Michael; Wirth, Christian; Reich, Peter B; Schrodt, Franziska; Kattge, Jens. (2015). The imprint of plants on ecosystem functioning: A data-driven approach. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, 10.1016/j.jag.2015.05.009
Impact of land use on functional plant diversity: A new assessment method demonstrated in Germany
No full textAssessing the human impacts on biodiversity is important for conserving biodiversity. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool to assess the impact product service systems have on the environment. To critically asses the human impact of land use on biodiversity in LCA, characterisation factors (CF) are needed to translate area and type of land use into loss of biodiversity. Most CFs are based on species richness but another biodiversity indicator, functional diversity (FD), better represents ecosystem functioning compared to taxonomic measures such as species richness. This study proposes a new method for calculating CFs, based on FD, for assessing impact of land use on plant biodiversity. To demonstrate the applicability of the method that is proposed, CFs were calculated based on data from Germany. The data was divided into four types, being land use, plant abundance, trait data and environmental data. The CFs developed show trends in impact on biodiversity in accordance with other studies. The proposed method in this study can guide in the development of more precise and geographically diverse CFs for assessing the impact of land use in biodiversity in LCA.The Master's programme Industrial Ecology is jointly organised by Leiden University and Delft University of Technology.Industrial Ecolog
Towards scalable estimation of plant functional diversity from Sentinel-2: in-situ validation in a heterogeneous (semi-)natural landscape
No full textEnvironmental BiologyConservation Biolog
Hoe past het? Een kwalitatieve analyse van narratieven van jongeren met een ondersteuningsbehoefte op het gebied van passend onderwijs en passende arbeid
No full textHoe past het? Een kwalitatieve analyse van narratieven van jongeren met een ondersteuningsbehoefte op het gebied van passend onderwijs en passende arbeidIn zorg, welzijn en onderwijs hebben zich in de afgelopen jaren transities voorgedaan die van invloed zijn op jongeren die ondersteuning behoeven bij het succesvol doorlopen van hun schoolloopbaan en/of het vinden van passende arbeid. Waar deze jongeren eerst op speciale scholen en in beschermde werkomgevingen te vinden waren, worden zij nu geacht regulier onderwijs te volgen en de reguliere arbeidsmarkt te betreden. Hoe ervaren deze jongeren zelf de ondersteuning die ze ontvangen en wat verwachten zij van hun toekomst? In de onderzoekslijn Van passend onderwijs naar passende arbeid, onderdeel van de Werkplaats Sociaal Domein Nijmegen, hebben studenten van de Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen narratief onderzoek verricht (n=35). De transcripten van deze interviews zijn als onderzoeksobject gebruikt voor een exploratieve studie naar de ervaringen van deze groep jongeren met een ondersteuningsbehoefte. De jongeren geven aan zo veel mogelijk als “normaal” gezien te willen worden, maar beseffen tegelijkertijd niet zonder ondersteuning te kunnen. Zij waarderen ondersteuners die praktisch meedenken en zowel de mogelijkheden als beperkingen van de jongeren zien. Onzekerheid over hun (arbeids)perspectief, heeft invloed op verwachtingen die zij van zichzelf hebben. De overstap van school naar werk wordt als moeilijk ervaren. Verbeteringen ten aanzien van de hulpverlening liggen op het vlak van samenwerking met en tussen hulpverleners en de mogelijkheid om te ervaren welke vorm van werk daadwerkelijk past. What is appropriate? A qualitative analysis of the narratives of adolescents with special needs in education and in finding employment What is the impact of transitions in care and education in the Netherlands for adolescents who need professional support in order to succeed in education or work? What are their experiences of searching for adequate education or work? What do they need from the professional support system? And to what extent do the methods used by professionals meet the expectations and values of the adolescents? Transitions in care and education in the Netherlands, together with austerity measures, are leading to changes in professional support for adolescents who experience barriers to participating successfully in education or work. Policymakers plan to reform the social system in such a way that it will no longer be common for adolescents with special needs to attend special schools or work in sheltered work environments. They will be expected to participate in regular education or jobs, and they will only receive professional support when necessary and this will be kept as short as possible. Not long ago, lifelong dependency on social welfare was more or less the norm for this group of adolescents. Nowadays, the required support needs to be provided through their informal network, supplemented with support from teachers and professionals such as community workers in the local context (Movisie, 2015). Recent research shows that labour market participation among those who need support is significantly lower than among people with no such needs. For instance, 39 percent of adolescents with a physical challenge are working, while 65 to 72 percent of their peers with no physical challenge are in employment (Holwerda, 2013). For adolescents with an autistic disorder, percentages of between ten and fifty percent have been mentioned. Current research on transitions in care and education also shows that professionals encounter a range of problems in supporting adolescents who require support. Teachers cite inadequate skills and experience in working with parents and professionals from other institutions, and an inability to “speak the same language”. Teachers also mention the need to improve their knowledge and competences in special educational needs and the consequences of the psychological and mental challenges associated with successful participation in education and work. In the period 2016-2017, several student groups at HAN University of Applied Sciences conducted 35 narrative interviews during the final phase of their Bachelor’s programmes. Adolescents were recruited for the interviews by community service workers, through social media and informal contacts. They were asked about their experiences of receiving support while completing their education (mainly vocational education) and their experiences of finding suitable employment. The participants were all receiving support from some kind of professional support system at school or at work. For the purposes of this article, adolescents with special needs are defined as adolescents who cannot fulfil their educational goals or cannot find work without some kind of support. There are various reasons why they may need support, such as living with a physical or mental disability, a problematic family situation, debt problems or refugee status. The interview guidelines were based on the overall development of the adolescents and their need for support, both now and in the past. A qualitative explorative analysis was carried out in relation to the adolescents’ statements about their way of life, the challenges they face, the opportunities open to them and their experiences of professional support. Firstly, the transcripts were closely read and coded, and then organized thematically based on the patterns identified in the various narratives. This analysis showed that these vulnerable adolescents wish to live as normal a life as possible, and that they have an intrinsic need to progress in life. Their goals are based on a more or less traditional framework of values: paid work, independence and sharing their lives with the people they love. At the same time, they are also aware that they need support in order to make progress towards these goals. This makes the specific way in which professionals address the needs of these adolescents extremely important. They need support that reflects the reality of what they can achieve and their expectations of achieving those goals, rather than support that focuses solely on their ambitions and motivation. As regards finding professional support, the adolescents mentioned that finding the right support is hard, especially in higher vocational education and at university, and that lifelong dependency on professional care often comes with many uncertainties. As one of the adolescents said: “I don’t know where I’ll be living next year, who will be helping me and what I’ll be doing. Professionals are leaving, my need for support is changing and nobody stays with me for long. And this happens over and over again.” According to the adolescents interviewed, it is important that the professionals have skills such as: ensuring regular contact, providing practical support and acknowledging both what is and what is not possible in their specific situation. Transitions in care and education in the Netherlands mean that professional support for these adolescents is shorter and less intensive. They find it difficult to receive the right kind of support because often professionals from several organizations are involved and nobody is familiar with all the details of the adolescent’s situation. A further problem is that there is not enough joint action by teachers, social workers and the informal network of the adolescent in providing the best possible preparation for participation in society. Furthermore, these adolescents are often not given the opportunity to experience which kinds of work really suit their situation. This leads to further experiences of failure. Finally, regarding employment, the analysis leads to the conclusion that the shift from voluntary work to paid employment is hard to achieve. One of the factors mentioned is the lack of support for the employee in the workplace so that the work can be tailored to his/her needs, and the feeling of having to start all over again to find the right support to be able to achieve a sustainable situation
Linking Land Use and Plant Functional Diversity Patterns in Sabah, Borneo, through Large-Scale Spatially Continuous Sentinel-2 Inference
No full textGlobal biodiversity losses erode the functioning of our vital ecosystems. Functional diversity is increasingly recognized as a critical link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Satellite earth observation was proposed to address the current absence of information on large-scale continuous patterns of plant functional diversity. This study demonstrates the inference and spatial mapping of functional diversity metrics through satellite remote sensing over a large key biodiversity region (Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, ~53,000 km2) and compares the derived estimates across a land-use gradient as an initial qualitative assessment to test the potential merits of the approach. Functional traits (leaf water content, chlorophyll-a and -b, and leaf area index) were estimated from Sentinel-2 spectral reflectance using a pre-trained neural network on radiative transfer modeling simulations. Multivariate functional diversity metrics were calculated, including functional richness, divergence, and evenness. Spatial patterns of functional diversity were related to land-use data distinguishing intact forest, logged forest, and oil palm plantations. Spatial patterns of satellite remotely sensed functional diversity are significantly related to differences in land use. Intact forests, as well as logged forests, featured consistently higher functional diversity compared to oil palm plantations. Differences were profound for functional divergence, whereas functional richness exhibited relatively large variances within land-use classes. By linking large-scale patterns of functional diversity as derived from satellite remote sensing to land-use information, this study indicated initial responsiveness to broad human disturbance gradients over large geographical and spatially contiguous extents. Despite uncertainties about the accuracy of the spatial patterns, this study provides a coherent early application of satellite-derived functional diversity toward further validation of its responsiveness across ecological gradients
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