105 research outputs found
Active-duty military service, cohabiting unions, and the transition to marriage
No full textA small but growing body of research has begun to identify the consequences of military service during the all-voluntary era. In this article, we examine the relationship between military service and the likelihood that cohabiting unions will be converted into marriages. Our paper extends previous research by making a distinction between the effects of active-duty verses reserve-duty service on the transition to marriage using data from the 1979-2004 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). Our findings indicate that there is a positive relationship between active-duty service and cohabitors transitioning to marriage.active-duty military service, cohabitation, marriage, union transitions
Characterization and dynamics of [Pd(L-L)H(solv)]+, [Pd(L-L)(CH2CH3)]+, and [Pd(L-L)(C(O)Et)(THF)]+ (L-L = 1,2- CH2PBu2t)2C6H4 ): Key intermediates in the catalytic methoxycarbonylation of ethene to methylpropanoate
No full textA detailed spectroscopic study has allowed the solution structure and dynamic properties of all the intermediates in the Pd-catalyzed methoxycarbonylation of ethene to be established. [Pd(L-L)H(solv)]+ 1 (L-L = 1,2-(CH2PBu2t)2C6H4 ; solv = MeOH, 1a; PrnOH, 1b; THF, 1c; EtCN, 1d) is static, and the two inequivalent P atoms do not become equivalent through solvent exchange over all the temperatures studied. [Pd(L-)(CH2CH3)]+, 2, contains a strong β-agostic C-H interaction which is remarkably stable and is not displaced even in strongly coordinating solvents such as EtCN. Cα and Cβ of the ethyl group in 2 become equivalent via a stereospecific interchange involving [Pd(L-L)H(η2-C2H4)]+ without making the two P atoms equivalent; at higher temperatures these two inequivalent P atoms do become equivalent probably via a T-shaped intermediate. For [Pd(L-L)(C(O)Et)(solv)]+, 6, there is no β-agostic C-H interaction and multiple 13C-labeling of the C(O)Et group shows that the inequivalent P atoms become equivalent via movement of the intact C(O)Et group. The crystal structure of the related complex [Pd(L-L)(C(O)Et)Cl] cocrystallized with dibenzylacetone has been determined
Synthesis and reactivity of palladium hydrido-solvento complexes, including a key intermediate in the catalytic methoxycarbonylation of ethene to methyl propanoate
No full textThe sequence of reaction steps and the role of each reactant, required for the t,trans-(PhCH=CH)2CO], 1, into [Pd(dtbpx)H(MeOH)]+, 2a, the active Pd(II)-hydride catalyst for the ransformation of the Pd(0) precursor [Pd(dtbpx)(dba)][dtbpx = 1,2-(CH2PBut2)2C6H 4; dba = transmethoxycarbonylation of ethene to methylpropanoate, have been delineated using a combination of spectroscopic and crystallographic methods. The preparation and characterisation of a variety of related complexes are described including some unusual examples involving bidentate sulfonate complexes and mono-cationic and neutral palladium hydride complexes. X-Ray crystal structures have been determined for [Pd(dtbpx)(η2-O2)], 3, [Pd(dtbpx)(η2-BQ)] (BQ = benzoquinone), 4, [Pd(dcpx)(dbaH)]+ [dcpx = 1,2-(CH2PCy2)2C6H4], 7, and [Pd(dtbpx)(η2-MeSO3)]+, 9b
Structure Population In Thioi-passivated Gold Nanoparticles
No full textChemically synthesized nanoparticles can be regarded as building blocks for more complex systems. Hence, the characterization of their attributes is a key step toward controlling and tuning the properties of new nanocomposite materials. We present a structural characterization of thiol-capped gold nanoparticles as a function of size (2-4 nm) by X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition to the fee bulk structure, nanometric gold may present decahedral or icosahedral structures depending on particle size. To evaluate the structure evolution, we have applied Debye function analysis to the XRD profiles. The analysis reveals a high proportion of defective and complex structures in all samples, which may have become trapped by the growth conditions. Nevertheless, the fee structure is more prominent with increasing diameter, indicating that thermodynamics also plays an important role in the average structure of this system. The results underline the importance of performing careful structural characterization of chemically synthesized nanoparticles, in particular, in systems such as gold, where several distinct and stable structures are known to have little difference in energy. © 2000 American Chemical Society.104471101311018Alivisatos, A.P., Barbara, P.F., Castleman, A.W., Chang, J., Dixon, D.A., Klein, M.L., McLendon, G.L., Ratner, M.A., (1998) Adv. Mater., 10, p. 1297. , and references thereinPen, X., Wickham, J., Alivisatos, A.P., (1998) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 120, p. 5343Alvarez, M.M., Khoury, J.T., Schaaff, T.G., Stifanafigullin, M., Vezmar, L., Whetten, R.L., (1997) J. Phys. Chem. B., 707, p. 3706Sun, S.H., Murray, C.B., Weller, D., Folks, L., Moser, A., (2000) Science, 287, p. 1989Bucher, J.P., Douglas, D.C., Blomfield, L.A., (1991) Phys. Rev. Lett., 66, p. 3052Lisiecki, I., Filankembo, A., Sack-Kongehl, H., Weiss, K., Pileni, M.P., Urban, J., (2000) Phys. Rev. B, 61, p. 4968Peng, X., Manna, L., Yang, W., Wickham, J., Scher, E., Kadavanich, A., Alivisatos, A.P., (2000) Nature, 404, p. 59Ino, S., (1969) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 26, p. 1559Ino, S., (1969) J. Phys. Soc.'Jpn., 27, p. 941Flueli, M., (1989) Observation des Structures Anormales de Petites Particules d'Or et_d'Argent par Microscopic Eletronique AHaute Resolution et Diffraction d'Electrons par un Jet d'Agregats d'Argent, , These No 769, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, SwitzerlandMalm, J.-O., O'Keefe, M.A., (1997) Ullramicroscopy, 68, p. 13Brust, M., Walker, M., Bethell, D., Schiffrin, D.J., Whyman, R., (1994) J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., p. 801Brust, M., Bethell, D., Schiffrin, D.J., Kiely, C.J., (1995) Adv. Mater., 7, p. 795Zanchet, D., Tolentino, H., Martins Alves, M.C., Alves, O.L., Ugarte, D., (2000) Chem. Phys. Lett., 323, p. 167Cusatis, C., Franco, M.K., Kakuno, E., Giles, C., Morelhao, S., Mello, V., Mazzaro, I., (1998) J. Synchrotron Rad., 5, p. 491Marks, L.D., (1994) Rep. Prog. Phys., 57, p. 603Zanchet, D., Hall, B.D., Ugarte, D., (1999) Characterization of Nanophase Materials, , Wang, Z. L., Ed.VCH-Wiley: WeinheimHall, B.D., (2000) J. Appl. Phys., 87, p. 1666Hall, B.D., Flüeli, M., Monot, R., Borel, J.-P., (1989) Z Phys. D, 12, p. 97Hall, B.D., Flüeli, M., Monot, R., Borel, J.-P., (1991) Phys. Rev. B, 43, p. 3906Reinhard, D., Hall, B.D., Ugarte, D., Monot, R., (1997) Phys. Rev. B, 55, p. 7868Gnutzmann, V., Vogel, W., (1990) /. Phys. Chem., 94, p. 4991Vogel, W., Cunningham, D.A.H., Tanaka, K., Haruta, M., (1996) Catal. Lett., 40, p. 175Guinier, A., (1994) X-ray Diffraction in Crystals, Imperfect Crystals, and Amorphous Bodies, , Dover: New YorkHall, B.D., Zanchet, D., Ugarte, D.J., Appl. Crystallogr, , Accepted for publicationVogel, W., Bradley, J., Vollmer, O., Abraham, I., (1998) J. Phys. Chem. B, 102, p. 10853Van De Waal, B., (1996) Phys. Rev. Lett., 76, p. 1083Cleveland, C.L., Landman, U., Schaaff, T.G., Shafigullin, M.N., Stephens, P.W., Whetten, R.L., (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett., 79, p. 1873Sun, S., Murray, C.B., (1999) /. Appl. Phys., 85, p. 4325Dinega, D.P., Bawendi, M.G., (1999) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 38, p. 1788Hosteller, M.J., Wingate, J.E., Zhong, C.J., Harris, J.E., Vachet, R.W., Clark, M.R., Londono, J.D., Murray, R.W., (1998) Langmuir, 14, p. 1
Crisis in the Eurozone: Causes, Dilemmas and Solutions
No full textNoThis book discusses how the global financial crisis induced the 'Great Recession' and triggered problems within the eurozone regarding sovereign debt. It explores the background of the eurozone crisis, as well as outlines a number of potential solutions.
The authors argue that the failure of the eurozone to meet any convergence criteria, together with unjustified emphasis placed upon unproven rules and institutions derived from contemporary neoliberal macroeconomic thinking, was an accident waiting to happen. Additionally, a series of potential remedies is proposed, ranging from a critical evaluation of solutions that the EU has already instigated (moral persuasion and financial relief measures), together with a series of alternative propositions (fiscal federalism and a 'European Clearing Union'). Moreover, the analysis is extended to the collapse of the eurozone and to options for national economic self-governance.
This study, with its comprehensive analysis of the eurozone crisis, is essential reading for students, researchers and scholars of monetary economics, European economics, political science and international relations
Surface And Structural Features Of Pt/ceo 2-la 2o 3-al 2o 3 Catalysts For Partial Oxidation And Steam Reforming Of Methane
No full textMixed xCeO 2-yLa 2O 3-Al 2O 3 oxides (where x+y=12wt%) were prepared by sol-gel method. It was shown that the mixed oxides are suitable carriers for supported Pt catalysts. The catalytic performances of the catalysts were evaluated in the reaction of stem methane reforming (SMR) and partial oxidation of methane (POM). The effect of the support kind on the surface and structural properties, as well as on the redox and catalytic behavior of the catalyst was studied. It was shown that the coexistence of the Pt 0/Pt δ+ and Ce 4+/Ce 3+ redox couples leads to the increase of the CH 4 conversion and carbon resistance over Pt catalysts. The CeO 2-containing catalysts showed the highest TOFCH4 values in SMR in spite of the low metal dispersion that is related to the high capacity of the surface to carbon cleaning caused by the highest oxygen mobility at metal-support interface. 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MEASUREMENT OF D MESON BRANCHING RATIOS
No full textWe report a measurement of the exclusive B+ meson decay to the final state D- K+π+ using 520 × 10B ̄B pairs collected near the γ(4S) resonance, with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy ee collider. Using the D-S → Ø- decay mode to reconstruct D- s mesons, we obtain the branching fraction B(B+ → D-s K+π+) = (1.77+0.12-0.12(stat)±0.16(syst) ±0.23(B))×10-4. We also present preliminary results of a study of the two-body DsK, Dsπ and Kπ subsystems observed in this final state
Facile one-pot synthesis of amoxicillin-coated gold nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity
No full textNanomaterials have been the object of intense study due to promising applications in a number of different disciplines. In particular, medicine and biology have seen the potential of these novel materials with their nanoscale properties for use in diverse areas such as imaging, sensing and drug vectorisation. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are considered a very useful platform to create a valid and efficient drug delivery/carrier system due to their facile and well-studied synthesis, easy surface functionalization and biocompatibility. In the present study, stable antibiotic conjugated GNPs were synthesised by a one-step reaction using a poorly water soluble antibiotic, amoxicillin. Amoxicillin, a member of the penicillin family, reduces the chloroauric acid to form nanoparticles and at the same time coats them to afford the functionalised nanomaterial. A range of techniques including UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to ascertain the gold/drug molar ratio and the optimum temperature for synthesis of uniform monodisperse particles in the ca. 30-40 nm size range. Amoxicillin-conjugated gold showed an enhancement of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli compared to the antibiotic alone
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