282 research outputs found
Who Are the Policymakers and What Are Their Interests
No full textStraßheim H, Loer K. Who Are the Policymakers and What Are Their Interests. In: Ewert B, Loer K, eds. Behavoiural Policies for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Palgrave Studies in Public Health Policy Research. Cham: Palgrave Pivot; 2019: 73-92
Removal of spallation-induced tritium from silicon through diffusion
No full textTritium, predominantly produced through spallation reactions caused by cosmic ray interactions, is a significant radioactive background for silicon-based rare event detection experiments, such as dark matter searches. We have investigated the feasibility of removing cosmogenic tritium from high-purity silicon intended for use in low-background experiments. We demonstrate that significant tritium removal is possible through diffusion by subjecting silicon to high-temperature (> 400C) baking. Using an analytical model for the de-trapping and diffusion of tritium in silicon, our measurements indicate that cosmogenic tritium diffusion constants are comparable to previous measurements of thermally-introduced tritium, with complete de-trapping and removal achievable above 750C. This approach has the potential to alleviate the stringent constraints of cosmic ray exposure prior to device fabrication and significantly reduce the cosmogenic tritium backgrounds of silicon-based detectors for next-generation rare event searches
Plan B: Hybride warmtepompen
No full textVervanging van aardgas in bestaande woonwijken vergt forse investeringen, doorzettingsmacht van de overheid en beknot haar burgers. Maatschappelijke weerstand ligt op de loer en het afbreukrisico is volgens Martien Visser groot. De resultaten van de proefwijken zijn nog ongewis. Het verdient volgens hem aanbeveling om een plan B met hybride warmtepompen te ontwikkelen
Plan B: Hybride warmtepompen
No full textVervanging van aardgas in bestaande woonwijken vergt forse investeringen, doorzettingsmacht van de overheid en beknot haar burgers. Maatschappelijke weerstand ligt op de loer en het afbreukrisico is volgens Martien Visser groot. De resultaten van de proefwijken zijn nog ongewis. Het verdient volgens hem aanbeveling om een plan B met hybride warmtepompen te ontwikkelen
The Lobby of the Metropole
No full textThe lobby of the Metropole, a habitable bridge in Rotterdam In our mobilized epoch considered as the network era, hubs are crucial devices for the orchestration of our cities. Road and building mediate in the quality of our cityscapes like the Randstad in which we live as continuous commuters. The habitable bridge is used as the ultimate typology for the examination of a new form of architecture in which a multitude of urban functions are brought together. The province meets the city, the artificial meets the natural, architecture meets infrastructure. Despite a strong belief in the capacities of architecture and infrastructure, Rotterdam did not manage to merge these two paradigms after the Second World War. Although the ambition is there to merge the boulevard with the river, the south with the north, the street with the building, significant proposals are lacking. Through the use of historical precedents like the multifunctional Boompjes of the Golden Age, the reintroduction of the river as valuable public space is envisioned. The fascination for a multifunctional bridge, merged with the ambitions of Rotterdam, catalyzed by the architectural needs of a new era forms the base for my proposal ‘The Lobby of the Metropole: the Fusion of Architecture and Infrastructure in Tomorrow’s Megalopolis’. METABOLISTIC COLLECTIVE FORM AND THE POTENTIAL OF CONGESTION The city is approached as an organism that comes to life through a multitude of streams. The careful orchestration of urban flows is considered as the main challenge of the urban fabric. The integral design of landscape, architecture and infrastructure could catalyze the quality of our future cities. Previous to my design ‘The Lobby of the Metropole’, I did an extensive research into the ideas of the Japanes Metabolists and the history of Rotterdam. Through a written report called ‘The fusion of architecture and infrastructure in tomorrow’s Megalopolis - The Relevance of the Metabolistic Collective Form in the Network Era’ I have laid the foundation for my design. The acknowledgement of different speeds in the city is integrated in the design of a habitable bridge in which a variety of streams are accomodated, among other: walking, biking, living, working, commuting (tram) and driving (car). The resulting proposal for a multimodal hub exploits densification in favour of urban sprawl. The design acknowledges the potential of metropolitan accumalation instead of considering a new realm as unmanageable congestion. Approaching the infrastructure of the city as architectural challenge provides a new attitude in which landscape (public space), architecture (buildings) and infrastructure (roads) are considered as equal mediators in the city. To improve the quality of Rotterdam, the ground floor of the design is kept free for pedestrians, bikers and public transport. Favouring slow traffic at the expense of cars will improve the habitable quality of the city. The large open ended steel structure accomodates public and private program. Future transformations can easily be processed through the use of a flexible system in which ventilation, data, energy and walls are easily accessible. Programs work through a ‘plug and play’ method.Explore LabArchitectur
Data en Gebiedsontwikkeling: Innovaties, strategieën en reflecties
No full textGebiedsontwikkelingen worden steeds complexer waardoor gebruik van data en slimme toepassingen een must is. Toch gebeurt dit nog op beperkte schaal. Wat houdt dit tegen, welke gevaren liggen op de loer, en welke voorbeelden kunnen voor inspiratie zorgen? Daarover vertellen experts in deze uitgave van de Kring van Adviseurs Gebiedsontwikkeling. Zij presenteren pakkende en innovatieve voorbeelden van hoe data wordt gebruikt, zoals voor gebouwen, mobiliteit, water, winkelstraten en publieke ruimte. Ook gaan zij in op de drijvende krachten achter en de beperking van de huidige toepassingen. De auteurs geven daarbij praktische adviezen voor het goed benutten van data, maar temperen ook verwachtingen en kraken kritische noten. Zodoende biedt deze publicatie een evenwichtig en inspirerend hulpmiddel voor eenieder die wordt geconfronteerd met datatoepassing in gebiedsontwikkeling, of daarmee aan de slag wil gaan.Urban Development ManagementPractice Chair Urban Area Developmen
Objektive Bedeutungsstruktur und latente Sinnstruktur
No full textZusammenfassung
Ein systematischer Unterschied zwischen der Rekonstruktion der Bedeutung derselben Äußerung an zwei verschiedenen Sequenzstellen gab Anlass, seine begriffliche Fassung zu erarbeiten. In der Objektiven Hermeneutik scheint mit der Gegenüberstellung von ‚objektiver Bedeutungsstruktur‘ und ‚latenter Sinnstruktur‘ ein terminologischer Vorschlag hierfür vorzuliegen. Dieser ruft jedoch aufgrund seiner Komplexität – er amalgamiert drei verschiedene Oppositionen – Irritationen hervor. Der Beitrag skizziert zunächst die Verwendung der von Ulrich Oevermann eingeführten Termini, sodann wird anhand einer materialen Analyse das Klärungsproblem herausgestellt; schließlich wird mit Bezug auf Freges Unterscheidung von Bedeutung und Sinn ein Vorschlag zur begrifflichen und terminologischen Fassung des Unterschieds gemacht. Der begriffliche Unterschied von (a) manifester und latenter Bedeutung, (b) objektiv regelkonstitutierter und subjektiv gemeinter Bedeutung und schließlich (c) objektiver Sinnstruktur einer Äußerung und ihrer umfassenden objektiven Bedeutungsstruktur kann ohne die Konfundierung in der titelgebenden Unterscheidung terminologisch gefasst werden.</jats:p
Evaluation of efficiency of entomopathogenic fungi in the biological control of Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore 1964 (Hemiptera Psyllidae)
No full textEucalyptus plantations are affected by native and exotic pests. The latter can cause
greater damage, leading to economic losses due to the lack of local natural enemies to control
the population. Among the pests that attack eucalyptus plantations, the insect Glycaspis
brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), known as Eucalyptus redgum lerp psyllid, was
first detected in Brazil in 2003, in the state of São Paulo. The insect damaged eucalyptus
plantations, causing die-back and reduction in the photosynthetic activity. Synthetic chemical
formulations have been used to control this insect; however, a new solution should be
developed since these formulations are toxic and harmful to the human health and
environment. Entomopathogenic fungi can be used as an alternative control method. The
present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of entomopathogenic fungi as a biological
control method for G. brimblecombei, both in the laboratory and in commercial eucalyptus
plantations. The laboratory trial used five entomopathogenic fungi isolates (Isaria
fumosorosea, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium robertsii, and Metarhizium anisopliae) and a
control treatment, with a seven-day evaluation period. The field trial used two fungi (I.
fumosorosea and B. bassiana, from the germplasm bank of Embrapa Coastal Tablelands), two
commercial fungi (Boveril and Metarril, which are commercial products formulated using
conidia from the fungi B. bassiana and M. anisopliae), a chemical insecticide (composed of
Bifenthrin), and a control treatment (water + spreader sticker), with a three-day evaluation
period. The isolates used in the field and under controlled conditions were replicated in Petri
dishes and kept in a B.O.D. at 26 ± 10%, with a 12-hour photoperiod. Pathogenicity analyses
were performed to determine the most efficient isolates in the mortality of G. brimblecombei.
The mortality of G. brimblecombei differed between treatments whose fungi isolates were
kept in the laboratory; M. robertsii presented the best result, with 100% population reduction
in two days. Regarding the field trial, treatments I. fumosorosea and B. bassiana had the best
results, with an 83.56% and 51.53% population reduction, respectively, in less than three days.
The fungi I. fumosorosea, B. bassiana, M. robertsii, and M. anisopliae showed satisfactory
results for the efficient control of G. brimblecombei in the field and under controlled
conditions. Therefore, these fungi are a potentially viable alternative for use in Integrated
Management Programs of G. brimblecombei.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqEm plantações de eucalipto ocorrem pragas nativas e exóticas, sendo que as pragas
exóticas podem causar maiores danos que geram prejuízos econômicos, principalmente pela
ausência de inimigos naturais locais para controlar sua população. Entre as pragas que
ocorrem em plantações de eucalipto, o inseto Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera:
Psyllidae), conhecido como Psilídio-de-concha-do-eucalipto, foi detectado pela primeira vez
no Brasil em 2003, no Estado de São Paulo. Essa praga pode causar secamento de ponteiros e
a redução da atividade fotossintética. Em seu controle têm sido utilizadas formulações
químicas sintéticas, porém esse tipo de alternativa tem sido repensado por ser tóxico e
prejudicial à saúde e ao meio ambiente. Assim, a utilização de fungos entomopatogênicos
pode ser uma alternativa para o seu controle. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência
de fungos entomopatogênicos no controle biológico de G. brimblecombei em laboratório e em
plantações comerciais de eucalipto. Em laboratório foram utilizados cinco isolados de fungos
entomopatogênicos, sendo eles: Isaria fumosorosea, dois isolados de Beauveria bassiana,
Metarhizium robertsii e Metarhizium anisopliae, além da testemunha, com tempo de
avaliação de 7 dias. Em campo foram utilizados dois fungos (I. fumosorosea e B. bassiana,
procedentes do banco de germoplasma da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros), dois fungos
comerciais (Boveril e Metarril, produtos comercias formulados a partir de conídeos dos
fungos B. bassiana e M. anisopliae), um inseticida químico (composto de Bifentrina) e uma
testemunha (água + espalhante adesivo), com tempo de avaliação de 3 dias. Os isolados
utilizados em campo e em condições controladas foram repicados em placas de petri e
mantidos em B.O.D. à tempoeratura de 26 ± 10%, com fotofase de 12 horas. Foram realizadas
análises de patogenicidade para determinar os isolados mais eficientes na mortalidade de G.
brimblecombei. A mortalidade de G. brimblecombei diferiu entre os tratamentos com os
isolados de fungos mantidos em laboratório, M. robertsii apresentou o melhor resultado com
redução populacional de 100% em dois dias. Em campo, dos tratamentos biológicos, I.
fumosorosea foi mais eficiente com redução populacional 83,56% em menos de três dias,
seguido de B. bassiana com redução populacional de 51,53%. Os fungos I. fumesorosea, B.
bassiana, Metarhizium robertsii e Metarhizium anisopliae apresentaram resultados eficientes
no controle de G. brimblecombei em condições controladas e de campo e são potencialmente
viáveis para utilização em programas de Manejo Integrado de G. brimblecombei.São Cristóvão, S
Development and Psychometric Properties of a Questionnaire Assessing Self-Reported Generic Health Literacy in Adolescence
No full textDomanska OM, Bollweg TM, Loer A-K, Holmberg C, Schenk L, Jordan S. Development and Psychometric Properties of a Questionnaire Assessing Self-Reported Generic Health Literacy in Adolescence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(8): 2860.Health literacy is a promising approach to promoting health and preventing disease among children and adolescents. Promoting health literacy in early stages of life could contribute to reducing health inequalities. However, it is difficult to identify concrete needs for action as there are few age-adjusted measures to assess generic health literacy in young people. Our aim was to develop a multidimensional measure of health literacy in German to assess generic health literacy among 14- to 17-year-old adolescents, namely, the “Measurement of Health Literacy Among Adolescents Questionnaire” (MOHLAA-Q). The development process included two stages. Stage 1 comprised the development and validation using a literature review, two rounds of cognitive interviews, two focus groups and two rounds of expert assessments by health literacy experts. Stage 2 included a standard pretest (n = 625) of the questionnaire draft to examine the psychometric properties, reliability and different validity aspects. The MOHLAA-Q consists of 29 items in four scales: (A) “Dealing with health-related information (HLS-EU-Q12-adolescents-DE)”; (B) “Communication and interaction skills”, (C) “Attitudes toward one’s own health and health information”, and (D) “Health-related knowledge”. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated a multidimensional structure of the MOHLAA-Q. The internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach’s α) of the scales varied from 0.54 to 0.77. The development of the MOHLAA-Q constitutes a significant step towards the comprehensive measurement of adolescents’ health literacy. However, further research is necessary to re-examine its structural validity and to improve the internal consistency of two scales
Manual and automatic, hybrid system for the position and path control in machine tools.
No full textCom o presente projeto se pretende desenvolver um protótipo de máquina de usinagem para atender a fabricação de pequenos lotes (10~20 peças), Esta máquina terá características intermediárias entre as máquinas universal (manual) e de controle numérico (CN); conjugando as vantagens funcionais destas duas: alta eficiência e flexibilidade. A máquina projetada terá uma operação manual (trajetória), e seu posicionamento será servo-assistido. Entenda-se \"desenvolver\" como: a) Propor uma estratégia de usinagem; b) Propor uma configuração de máquina que funcione segundo esta estratégia; c) desenvolver um protótipo e; d) validar a estratégia e a configuração através de testes no protótipo. A estratégia de posicionamento aqui proposta, é baseada em um posicionamento manual, ou seja, o operador define livremente o movimento da ferramenta com relação à peça a se fabricar. Porém, um computador monitora constantemente a posição da ferramenta e não permite a entrada desta numa região, nomeada \"Região Proibida\"; que corresponde ao perfil da peça. A região proibida é definida diretamente a partir de um desenho de CAD, dispensando o uso de alguma ferramenta computacional de geração automática de trajetória de ferramenta. Deste modo, o operador realiza a usinagem de desbaste. O acabamento é realizado automaticamente pelo computador, que faz com que a ferramenta contorne o perfil da peça, uma vez que o operador envia um sinal de partida. Uma possível configuração de máquina para alcançar esta estratégia é apresentada. E consiste de uma mesa XY servo controlada, adaptada a uma furadeira de bancada, onde operador comanda o movimento da mesa mediante um joystick. Através de ensaios de usinagem, o trabalho demonstra a eficácia da estratégia proposta.Present project aims the development of a machine tool prototype for attend the manufacturing of small lots (10~20 pieces), This machine will have characteristics intermediate between the universal and the numerical control (CN) machines. The desired machine conjugates the functional advantages of both types of machines: high efficiency and flexibility. The machine, thus designed, will have a manual operation (the tool path is defined by the operator), and its positioning will be servoassisted. Here, \"to develop\" includes: a) to propose a machining strategy; b) to propose an arrangement of machine that works according to this strategy; c) to develop a prototype and; d) to validate the strategy and the arrangement through tests with the prototype. The positioning strategy, is based on a manual positioning, i.e., the operator defines freely the motion of the tool with respect to the work piece. However, a computer monitores constantly the tool position, not permitting the entrance of it inside the area, here called \"prohibited region\", corresponding to the profile of the part to be machined. Outside that region, the computer enables operator to move the tool as he wants. The prohibited region is defined directly from a CAD draft, eliminating the necessity of any kind of computer tools for generating automatically the tool path. Thus, the operator executes the rough machining. The finishing path is executed automatically by the computer that makes the tool contour the profile of the part, according to the start-up command given by the operator. In the work, one possible arrangement of machine to achieve this strategy is presented. It consists of servo controlled XY table and adjusted to a bench drill in which, the operator commands the table motion by means a joy-stick. By machining tests, this work shows the efficiency of the proposed strategy
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