412 research outputs found
Salvia macrantha Hylander
No full textS. macrantha (K. Koch) Hylander (Betonica grandiflora Stephan, B. macrantha K. Koch, S. grandiflora Bentham non Host) 3: Zermatt, an der Visp (Mme Deletra 1944).Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-55
Organizando para una multitud pacífica: ejemplo de un partido de fútbol
No full textGewalt in großen Menschenmengen ist ein Thema, für das sich die Sozialpsychologie seit Langem interessiert, und das auch für die Sportpsychologie von Belang ist (STOTT, ADANG, LIVINGSTONE & SCHREIBER 2007; STOTT, HUTCHINSON & DRURY 2001; RUSSELL 2004; MUSTONEN, ARMS & RUSSELL 1996). Die Entstehung von Krawallen wurden aus unterschiedlichen theoretischen Perspektiven heraus erklärt (HYLANDER 2008), z.B. im Sinn individueller Differenzen, als Deindividuations-Phänomen (PRENTICE-DUNN & ROGERS 1989), infolge spezifischer Gruppeninteraktionen (DRURY & REICHER 2000) oder in geschichtlicher (GUTTMAN 1986, 1998) und kultureller Perspektive (CRABBE 2003).
In dieser Studie wurde ein sozialpsychologisches Modell, das an Gruppeninteraktionen interessiert ist, hinzugezogen, das "Aggravation und Mitigation (AM)-Modell (GUVÅ & HYLANDER 2008; GRANSTRÖM 2008; GRANSTRÖM & ROSANDER 2008), um Befriedungsprozesse im Rahmen eines Sportereignisses zu identifizieren. Hauptergebnis war - im Einklang mit dem AM-Modell - dass dann am ehesten friedliche Ausgänge von Großveranstaltungen zu erwarten sind, wenn 1. diese Veranstaltungen eine Art "Festival-Charakter" haben, 2. Gelegenheiten zur Erfüllung von Grundbedürfnissen und eine wiedererkennbare Ordnung sowie 3. übergeordnete Identifikationsangebote vorhanden sind.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs100283Crowd violence has interested researchers in social psychology for many years and is an important issue for sports psychology (STOTT, ADANG, LIVINGSTONE & SCHREIBER, 2007; STOTT, HUTCHINSON & DRURY, 2001; RUSSELL, 2004; MUSTONEN, ARMS & RUSSELL, 1996). Riots in crowds have been explained from different theoretical perspectives (HYLANDER, 2008), such as individual differences, de-individuation (PRENTICE-DUNN & ROGERS, 1989), group interaction (DRURY & REICHER, 2000), history (GUTTMAN, 1986, 1998) and cultural perspectives (CRABBE, 2003). In this study, a social psychology model focusing on group interaction, the Aggravation and Mitigation (AM) model (GUVÅ & HYLANDER, 2008; GRANSTRÖM, 2008; GRANSTRÖM & ROSANDER, 2008), is used as a means of analysis. This article applies the AM model to a sporting event to identify if and how peacemaking processes can be detected. Furthermore, the intention is to discern and illuminate organizational strategies that maybe linked to peacemaking processes. The main results indicate that when arrangements are based on (a) "festival-making," (b) arrangements for basic needs and recognizable order and (c) the creation of a superordinate identity, then the outcome of mass events may turn out peaceful, which is also in line with the AM model.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs100283La violencia de las multitudes ha interesado a los investigadores en psicología social durante años y es un tema importante en la psicología del deporte (STOTT, ADANG, LIVINGSTONE & SCHREIBER 2007; STOTT, HUTCHINSON & DRURY 2001; RUSSELL 2004; MUSTONEN, ARMS & RUSSELL 1996). Se han explicado los disturbios en las multitudes desde diferentes perspectivas teóricas (HYLANDER 2008), tales como diferencias individuales, la individuación (PRENTICE-DUNN & ROGERS 1989), la interacción de grupo (DRURY & REICHER 2000), historia (GUTTMAN 1986, 1998) y perspectivas culturales (CRABBE 2003). En este estudio se usa como medio de análisis un modelo de psicología social focalizado en la interacción grupal: el modelo de agravación y mitigación (AM) (GUVÅ & HYLANDER 2008; GRANSTRÖM 2008; GRANSTRÖM & ROSANDER 2008). Este artículo aplica el modelo AM a un evento deportivo para si se pueden detectar los procesos de pacificación. Por consiguiente, se intenta discernir e iluminar estrategias organizacionales que están probablemente ligadas con procesos tales. Los principales resultados indican que cuando los acuerdos están basados en (a) "hacer un festival", (b) acuerdos sobre necesidades básicas y un orden reconocible y (c) la creación de una identidad supra ordenada, el resultado de eventos masivos puede tornarse pacífico, lo cual está en línea con el modelo AM.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs10028
Organizing for a peaceful crowd: an example of a football match
No full textCrowd violence has interested researchers in social psychology for many years and is an important issue for sports psychology (STOTT, ADANG, LIVINGSTONE & SCHREIBER, 2007; STOTT, HUTCHINSON & DRURY, 2001; RUSSELL, 2004; MUSTONEN, ARMS & RUSSELL, 1996). Riots in crowds have been explained from different theoretical perspectives (HYLANDER, 2008), such as individual differences, de-individuation (PRENTICE-DUNN & ROGERS, 1989), group interaction (DRURY & REICHER, 2000), history (GUTTMAN, 1986, 1998) and cultural perspectives (CRABBE, 2003). In this study, a social psychology model focusing on group interaction, the Aggravation and Mitigation (AM) model (GUVÅ & HYLANDER, 2008; GRANSTRÖM, 2008; GRANSTRÖM & ROSANDER, 2008), is used as a means of analysis. This article applies the AM model to a sporting event to identify if and how peacemaking processes can be detected. Furthermore, the intention is to discern and illuminate organizational strategies that maybe linked to peacemaking processes. The main results indicate that when arrangements are based on (a) "festival-making," (b) arrangements for basic needs and recognizable order and (c) the creation of a superordinate identity, then the outcome of mass events may turn out peaceful, which is also in line with the AM model.La violencia de las multitudes ha interesado a los investigadores en psicología social durante años y es un tema importante en la psicología del deporte (STOTT, ADANG, LIVINGSTONE & SCHREIBER 2007; STOTT, HUTCHINSON & DRURY 2001; RUSSELL 2004; MUSTONEN, ARMS & RUSSELL 1996). Se han explicado los disturbios en las multitudes desde diferentes perspectivas teóricas (HYLANDER 2008), tales como diferencias individuales, la individuación (PRENTICE-DUNN & ROGERS 1989), la interacción de grupo (DRURY & REICHER 2000), historia (GUTTMAN 1986, 1998) y perspectivas culturales (CRABBE 2003). En este estudio se usa como medio de análisis un modelo de psicología social focalizado en la interacción grupal: el modelo de agravación y mitigación (AM) (GUVÅ & HYLANDER 2008; GRANSTRÖM 2008; GRANSTRÖM & ROSANDER 2008). Este artículo aplica el modelo AM a un evento deportivo para si se pueden detectar los procesos de pacificación. Por consiguiente, se intenta discernir e iluminar estrategias organizacionales que están probablemente ligadas con procesos tales. Los principales resultados indican que cuando los acuerdos están basados en (a) "hacer un festival", (b) acuerdos sobre necesidades básicas y un orden reconocible y (c) la creación de una identidad supra ordenada, el resultado de eventos masivos puede tornarse pacífico, lo cual está en línea con el modelo AM.Gewalt in großen Menschenmengen ist ein Thema, für das sich die Sozialpsychologie seit Langem interessiert, und das auch für die Sportpsychologie von Belang ist (STOTT, ADANG, LIVINGSTONE & SCHREIBER 2007; STOTT, HUTCHINSON & DRURY 2001; RUSSELL 2004; MUSTONEN, ARMS & RUSSELL 1996). Die Entstehung von Krawallen wurden aus unterschiedlichen theoretischen Perspektiven heraus erklärt (HYLANDER 2008), z.B. im Sinn individueller Differenzen, als Deindividuations-Phänomen (PRENTICE-DUNN & ROGERS 1989), infolge spezifischer Gruppeninteraktionen (DRURY & REICHER 2000) oder in geschichtlicher (GUTTMAN 1986, 1998) und kultureller Perspektive (CRABBE 2003).
In dieser Studie wurde ein sozialpsychologisches Modell, das an Gruppeninteraktionen interessiert ist, hinzugezogen, das "Aggravation und Mitigation (AM)-Modell (GUVÅ & HYLANDER 2008; GRANSTRÖM 2008; GRANSTRÖM & ROSANDER 2008), um Befriedungsprozesse im Rahmen eines Sportereignisses zu identifizieren. Hauptergebnis war - im Einklang mit dem AM-Modell - dass dann am ehesten friedliche Ausgänge von Großveranstaltungen zu erwarten sind, wenn 1. diese Veranstaltungen eine Art "Festival-Charakter" haben, 2. Gelegenheiten zur Erfüllung von Grundbedürfnissen und eine wiedererkennbare Ordnung sowie 3. übergeordnete Identifikationsangebote vorhanden sind
Organizing for a Peaceful Crowd: An Example of a Football Match
No full textCrowd violence has interested researchers in social psychology for many years and is an important issue for sports psychology (STOTT, ADANG, LIVINGSTONE & SCHREIBER, 2007; STOTT, HUTCHINSON & DRURY, 2001; RUSSELL, 2004; MUSTONEN, ARMS & RUSSELL, 1996). Riots in crowds have been explained from different theoretical perspectives (HYLANDER, 2008), such as individual differences, de-individuation (PRENTICE-DUNN & ROGERS, 1989), group interaction (DRURY & REICHER, 2000), history (GUTTMAN, 1986, 1998) and cultural perspectives (CRABBE, 2003). In this study, a social psychology model focusing on group interaction, the Aggravation and Mitigation (AM) model (GUVÅ & HYLANDER, 2008; GRANSTRÖM, 2008; GRANSTRÖM & ROSANDER, 2008), is used as a means of analysis. This article applies the AM model to a sporting event to identify if and how peacemaking processes can be detected. Furthermore, the intention is to discern and illuminate organizational strategies that maybe linked to peacemaking processes. The main results indicate that when arrangements are based on (a) "festival-making," (b) arrangements for basic needs and recognizable order and (c) the creation of a superordinate identity, then the outcome of mass events may turn out peaceful, which is also in line with the AM model.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs10028
Organizing for a peaceful crowd : An example of a football match
No full textCrowd violence has interested researchers in social psychology for many years and is an important issue for sports psychology (STOTT, ADANG, LIVINGSTONE and SCHREIBER, 2007; STOTT, HUTCHINSON and DRURY, 2001; RUSSELL, 2004; MUSTONEN, ARMS and RUSSELL, 1996). Riots in crowds have been explained from different theoretical perspectives (HYLANDER, 2008), such as individual differences, de-individuation (PRENTICE-DUNN and ROGERS, 1989), group interaction (DRURY and REICHER, 2000), history (GUTTMAN, 1986, 1998) and cultural perspectives (CRABBE, 2003). In this study, a social psychology model focusing on group interaction, the Aggravation and Mitigation (AM) model (GUVÅ and HYLANDER, 2008; GRANSTRÖM, 2008; GRANSTRÖM and ROSANDER, 2008), is used as a means of analysis. This article applies the AM model to a sporting event to identify if and how peacemaking processes can be detected. Furthermore, the intention is to discern and illuminate organizational strategies that maybe linked to peacemaking processes. The main results indicate that when arrangements are based on (a) "festival-making," (b) arrangements for basic needs and recognizable order and (c) the creation of a superordinate identity, then the outcome of mass events may turn out peaceful, which is also in line with the AM model. © 2010 FQS.</p
Erratum to: Adult and offspring size in the ocean over 17 orders of magnitude follows two life history strategies
No full textIn Neuheimer et al. (2015), a conversion factor error regarding mysid and saggitoidea size resulted in errors to Fig. 2a, b; Tables 1–3 and Appendix A. The corrected figures, tables, and appendices are reproduced here. Note: forthe “Crustaceans: Other” group, the slope of the corrected adult vs. offspring size relationship is slightly but significantly less than 1 (0.90; Table 1; Fig. 2a).We apologize for these errors
Modeling vitamin B1 transfer to consumers in the aquatic food web
No full textVitamin B-1 is an essential exogenous micronutrient for animals. Mass death and reproductive failure in top aquatic consumers caused by vitamin B-1 deficiency is an emerging conservation issue in Northern hemisphere aquatic ecosystems. We present for the first time a model that identifies conditions responsible for the constrained flow of vitamin B-1 from unicellular organisms to planktivorous fishes. The flow of vitamin B-1 through the food web is constrained under anthropogenic pressures of increased nutrient input and, driven by climatic change, increased light attenuation by dissolved substances transported to marine coastal systems. Fishing pressure on piscivorous fish, through increased abundance of planktivorous fish that overexploit mesozooplankton, may further constrain vitamin B-1 flow from producers to consumers. We also found that key ecological contributors to the constrained flow of vitamin B-1 are a low mesozooplankton biomass, picoalgae prevailing among primary producers and low fluctuations of population numbers of planktonic organisms
Handledning och konsultation [Elektronisk resurs] : jämförelse mellan två professionella psykologiska processer
No full text This report adresses the two concepts of Supervision and Consultation.Consultation is defined according to the tradition within Human Service Consultation and particularly to Gerald Caplans`Mental Health Consultation. It is proposed that Gerald Caplans` way of differentiating between 4 types of consultation, can be used in a more general way to include various types of consultationmodels from other traditions. For consultation 5 main criteras are synthezised from different definitons of consultation. For supervision, an overview of different types of supervision is presented. A comparison in regard to the main criterias is made between the two processes most difficult to separate, i.e. psychological (consultee centered case) consultation and "on the job supervision", when the supervisor has no administrative power. Two concepts salient to the supervison process, learning alliance and educational diagnoses are also discussed.It is proposed that analyzing the basic function of the relation between the client and the consultee, in real life, is always prior to defining the indirect helping process e. g. separating the process of supervision from the process of consultation.Finally a third process named "role structuring" is presented, separate from both supervision and psychological consultation. Role structuring is used when the relation between client and consultee is semi professional, or when the professional limits of this relation is only vaguely defined . Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att jämföra handledning och konsultation som psykologiska processer, och att diskutera om det går att göra en distinktion mellan de två processerna som är användbar och meningsfull. Med användbar menar jag en i praktiken entydig distinktion. Med meningsfull menar jag att med distinktionen följer betydelsefulla konsekvenser för respektive process.Min egen utgångspunkt är Gerald Caplans Mentalhälsokonsultation, som den har utvecklats inom Human Service Consultation i USA (Caplan,1970; Mannino & Shore,1985; Gallessich,1982) och dess tillämpning och vidareutveckling i Sverige (Carlberg, Guvå & Teurnell,1980; Guvå,1990; 1993; Brodin, Hylander & Pilz- Maliks,1990) Där inget annat anges kommer jag att utgå från G. Caplans avgränsning och definition av konsultation:a process of interaction between two professional persons- the consultant, who is a specialist, and the consultee, who inwokes the consultants help in regard to a current work- problem, with which he is having some difficulty, and which he has decided is within the other´s area of specialized competence.(Caplan 1970 s 19)The supervisor is usually a senior member of the same professional speciality as the supervisee, whereas a consultant is usually of a different specialty from the consultee.(Caplan 1970 s 22)För att kunna göra en jämförelse vill jag emellertid först undersöka hur allmängiltig Caplans definition och indelning av konsultation är. Jag kommer här att hänvisa till tidigare gjorda litteratursökningar och genomgångar. (Hylander 1989 a och b)När det gäller handledning utgår jag inte på samma sätt från en bestämd definition eller modell, utan mitt syfte är att utifrån olika definitioner hitta en indelningsgrund, för att kunna kategorisera olika typer av handledning. Genom detta tillvägagångssätt vill jag ringa in i vilka samanhang de två processerna sammanblandas och är svåra att åtskilja.Därefter kommer jag att diskutera några kriterier, som utgör en konsekvens av definitionen av konsultation, för att undersöka om dessa är särskiljande när det gäller strukturella olikheter mellan de två processerna handledning och konsulta- tion, och om de får betydelse för konsultandens respektive handledarens förhållningssätt.</p
Handledning och konsultation : jämförelse mellan två professionella psykologiska processer
No full text This report adresses the two concepts of Supervision and Consultation. Consultation is defined according to the tradition within Human Service Consultation and particularly to Gerald Caplans`Mental Health Consultation. It is proposed that Gerald Caplans` way of differentiating between 4 types of consultation, can be used in a more general way to include various types of consultationmodels from other traditions. For consultation 5 main criteras are synthezised from different definitons of consultation. For supervision, an overview of different types of supervision is presented. A comparison in regard to the main criterias is made between the two processes most difficult to separate, i.e. psychological (consultee centered case) consultation and "on the job supervision", when the supervisor has no administrative power. Two concepts salient to the supervison process, learning alliance and educational diagnoses are also discussed. It is proposed that analyzing the basic function of the relation between the client and the consultee, in real life, is always prior to defining the indirect helping process e. g. separating the process of supervision from the process of consultation. Finally a third process named "role structuring" is presented, separate from both supervision and psychological consultation. Role structuring is used when the relation between client and consultee is semi professional, or when the professional limits of this relation is only vaguely defined . Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att jämföra handledning och konsultation som psykologiska processer, och att diskutera om det går att göra en distinktion mellan de två processerna som är användbar och meningsfull. Med användbar menar jag en i praktiken entydig distinktion. Med meningsfull menar jag att med distinktionen följer betydelsefulla konsekvenser för respektive process. Min egen utgångspunkt är Gerald Caplans Mentalhälsokonsultation, som den har utvecklats inom Human Service Consultation i USA (Caplan,1970; Mannino & Shore,1985; Gallessich,1982) och dess tillämpning och vidareutveckling i Sverige (Carlberg, Guvå & Teurnell,1980; Guvå,1990; 1993; Brodin, Hylander & Pilz- Maliks,1990) Där inget annat anges kommer jag att utgå från G. Caplans avgränsning och definition av konsultation: a process of interaction between two professional persons- the consultant, who is a specialist, and the consultee, who inwokes the consultants help in regard to a current work- problem, with which he is having some difficulty, and which he has decided is within the other´s area of specialized competence.(Caplan 1970 s 19) The supervisor is usually a senior member of the same professional speciality as the supervisee, whereas a consultant is usually of a different specialty from the consultee.(Caplan 1970 s 22) För att kunna göra en jämförelse vill jag emellertid först undersöka hur allmängiltig Caplans definition och indelning av konsultation är. Jag kommer här att hänvisa till tidigare gjorda litteratursökningar och genomgångar. (Hylander 1989 a och b) När det gäller handledning utgår jag inte på samma sätt från en bestämd definition eller modell, utan mitt syfte är att utifrån olika definitioner hitta en indelningsgrund, för att kunna kategorisera olika typer av handledning. Genom detta tillvägagångssätt vill jag ringa in i vilka samanhang de två processerna sammanblandas och är svåra att åtskilja. Därefter kommer jag att diskutera några kriterier, som utgör en konsekvens av definitionen av konsultation, för att undersöka om dessa är särskiljande när det gäller strukturella olikheter mellan de två processerna handledning och konsulta- tion, och om de får betydelse för konsultandens respektive handledarens förhållningssätt
Adult and offspring size in the ocean over 17 orders of magnitude follows two life history strategies
No full textExplaining variability in offspring vs. adult size among groups is a necessary step to determine the evolutionary and environmental constraints shaping variability in life history strategies. This is of particular interest for life in the ocean where a diversity of offspring development strategies is observed along with variability in physical and biological forcing factors in space and time. We compiled adult and offspring size for 407 pelagic marine species covering more than 17 orders of magnitude in body mass including Cephalopoda, Cnidaria, Crustaceans, Ctenophora, Elasmobranchii, Mammalia, Sagittoidea, and Teleost. We find marine life following one of two distinct strategies, with offspring size being either proportional to adult size (e.g., Crustaceans, Elasmobranchii, and Mammalia) or invariant with adult size (e.g., Cephalopoda, Cnidaria, Sagittoidea, Teleosts, and possibly Ctenophora). We discuss where these two strategies occur and how these patterns (along with the relative size of the offspring) may be shaped by physical and biological constraints in the organism's environment. This adaptive environment along with the evolutionary history of the different groups shape observed life history strategies and possible group-specific responses to changing environmental conditions (e.g., production and distribution)
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