53 research outputs found

    Título: Historiae animalium liber IV

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    Sign.: a-b, *, A-Z, 2A-2Z, 3A-3Z, 4A-4T, 4V, a-b, c, dErro de pax., de p.828 pasa a 809Port. con grav. xilTexto a dúas col. con apostillas marxinai

    [Sermões do Doutor Farncisco [sic] Fernandes Galvao ...]

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    Pé de imp. tomado de colofónSign.: [parágrafo], A-Z, 2A-2I, a, b, c, dErro de fol. de f. 250 pasa a 255Texto a dúas col. con apostilas marxinai

    Letter From Nora G. to Alfred L. Shoemaker, March 17, 1948

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    A handwritten letter from Nora G. addressed to Alfred L. Shoemaker, dated March 17, 1948. Within, the author provides a list of old weather predictions accredited to Peter Derro, as well as information about special Saints\u27 days and agricultural advice.https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/shoemaker_documents/1104/thumbnail.jp

    Measurement of the spin dependent structure function of the nucleon at SMC (Spin Muon Collaboration)

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    This dissertation presents the complete and final results for the spin dependent structure functions for the proton and the deuteron from the Spin Muon Collaboration (SMC) experiment at CERN. The experiment used polarized high energy muon scattering from polarized proton and deuteron targets, in order to measure the muon-proton and muon- deuteron cross section asymmetries. From these measurements one obtains the virtual photon absorption cross section asymmetries for the proton and the deuteron. Using results from unpolarized scattering experiments the spin dependent structure functions for the proton and deuteron are achieved. In order to compare our results with theoretical predictions, which are the Bjorken sum rule and the Ellis- Jaffe sum rule, a QCD evolution procedure is used. The results of the comparison of our results with these sum rules is presented

    PREDISSOCIATION DYNAMICS OF OH {\it A\,}2Σ+^2 \Sigma ^+ (v=4v=4)

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    Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323Predissociation of the excited {\it A\,}2Σ+^2\Sigma^+ electronic state of the OH radical results from curve crossings with repulsive potentials, namely 4Σ^4\Sigma^-, 2Σ^2\Sigma^-, 4Π^4\Pi, producing O(3^3PJ_{J}) + H(2^2S) fragments. Previous experimental and theoretical studies of the v=4v=4 level of the OH {\it A\,}2Σ+^2\Sigma^+ state indicate that predissociation occurs at least 10-fold faster than in lower vibrational levels, resulting in a fluorescence quantum yield that is essentially zero. In the present study, Fluorescence Depletion Infrared (FDIR) spectroscopy, a UV-IR double resonance technique, is employed to characterize the linewidths and corresponding lifetimes of highly predissociative rovibrational levels of the excited {\it A\,}2Σ+^2\Sigma^+ electronic state of the OH radical. A least-squares fit to a Voigt line profile is used to extract the Lorentzian linewidths of the individual dips in the FDIR spectra. The homogeneous linewidth measurements, ranging from 0.23 to 0.31 cm1^{-1} FWHM, demonstrate that the N=07N=0-7 rotational levels of the OH {\it A\,}2Σ+^2\Sigma^+ (v=4)(v=4) state undergo rapid predissociation, with lifetimes 23\leq 23 ps. The experimental linewidths are in near quantitative agreement with first principle theoretical predictions

    SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGHLY PREDISSOCIATIVE LEVELS OF THE OH A2Σ+A\,^{2}\Sigma^{+} STATE

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    Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323The OH radical plays a major role in atmospheric and combustion environments, where it is generally detected by Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) using the A2Σ+X2Π A\,^{2}\Sigma^{+}-X\,^{2}\Pi band system. Excited vibrational levels of the OH A2Σ+A\,^{2}\Sigma^{+} (v3)(v \geq 3) state have been difficult to study by LIF due to rapid predissociation, which results in a fluorescence quantum yield that is essentially zero. In the present work, the OH A2Σ+A\,^{2}\Sigma^{+} (v=4)(v=4) state is characterized using a Fluorescence Depletion Infrared (FDIR) spectroscopy technique. A UV laser promotes OH radicals from the v=1v^{\prime \prime}=1 level of the ground X2ΠX\,^{2}\Pi state to the v=2v^{\prime}=2 level of the excited A2Σ+A\,^{2}\Sigma^{+} state. An IR laser further excites the OH radicals on an overtone transition to the v=4v=4 level of the A2Σ+A\,^{2}\Sigma^{+} state. Fluorescence is collected from OH A2Σ+A\,^{2}\Sigma^{+} (v=2)(v^{\prime}=2) exclusively, which is depleted when the IR laser is resonant with a 424\leftarrow2 overtone transition. The IR frequencies of various P- and R-branch lines of the overtone transition are measured, and spectroscopic constants for the A2Σ+A\,^{2}\Sigma^{+} (v=4)(v=4) state are extracted using combination differences. The rotational, centrifugal distortion, and spin-rotation constants are determined, along with the vibrational frequency for the overtone transition. These constants are compared with calculated values from Dunham coefficients for the OH A2Σ+A\,^{2}\Sigma^{+} state and a merged fit of experimental data from previous studies

    COMBINATION BANDS OF THE HOOO AND DOOO RADICALS VIA INFRARED ACTION SPECTROSCOPY

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    Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323Hydrogen trioxide (HOOO) has been shown to be relatively stable with respect to the OH + O2_2 asymptote; therefore, it may act as a sink for hydroxyl radicals in the coldest regions of the atmosphere and exist in measurable quantities. In this work, HOOO and its deuterated analogue DOOO are formed via the association of photolytically generated OH/D with oxygen in the collisional region of a free-jet expansion. Excitation of combination bands comprised of one quantum of OH/D stretch (\nub{1}) and one quantum of a lower frequency vibration (\nub{n}) results in dissociation to OH/D + O2_2. The resulting OH/D fragments are then state-selectively probed by laser-induced fluorescence. IR action spectra of several structured combination bands were recorded and assigned to {\it trans\,}-HOOO and DOOO based on frequency, isotopic shift, and transition type. In addition, unstructured bands were observed and assigned to combination bands of the {\it cis\,} conformer. These results indicate that the OOO bend (\nub{4}) would provide the best means for {\it in situ\,} detection of HOOO in the atmosphere

    THE PHOTODISSOCIATION DYNAMICS OF METHYL NITRATE

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    Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002Interest in the photodissociation mechanism of alkyl nitrates (RONO2_{2}, where R = CH3_{3}, C2_{2}H5_{5}, etc.) stems from recent experimental measurements in the troposphere indicating that they are an important component of ``missing NOy_{y}''. In this study, the photodissociation dynamics of methyl nitrate, CH3_{3}ONO2_{2}, at 193 nm have been investigated by examining the products from the primary channel, namely, CH3_{3}O and NO2_{2}. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy was employed to probe the nascent internal energy distribution of the CH3_{3}O radical, a small fraction of which was found to be produced with one quantum of C\relbarO stretch excitation. The stretch-excited methoxy was observed to be formed with a significantly greater degree of rotational excitation than the vibrational ground state. Furthermore, dispersed fluorescence measurements reveal that the NO2_{2} fragment is produced electronically excited with internal energies out to the NO + O dissociation limit, indicating that the initial excitation is strongly localized on the NO2_{2} moiety. Comparisons will be drawn with the analogous photodissociation of nitric acid, HONO2_{2}
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