103,447 research outputs found
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
[5-HT1A gene polymorphisms contributed to antidepressant response in major depression].
No full textVariability in antidepressant response is due to genetic and environmental factors. Among genetic factors, the ones controlling for availability of the drug at the target site are interesting candidates. Rs6295C/G SNP in the 5-HT1A gene (HTR1A) has been found to affect the expression and function of HTR1A. In fact rs6295C/G is in strong linkage disequilibrium with other polymorphisms of HTR1A suggesting that those functional effects could be associated with polymorphisms other than or together with the synonymous rs6295C/G. In the present study we examined the possible association of a panel of markers in strong linkage disequilibrium of HTR1A with SSRI/SNRI response in 137 Japanese major depression subjects followed for 6 weeks. We observed a significant association of better response to antidepressant in rs10042486C/C (P < 0.0001), rs6295G/G (P < 0.0001) and rs1364043T/T (P = 0.018) genotype carriers, independently from clinical variables. Furthermore minor allele homozygous carriers in all these 3 SNPs were associated with treatment response by various assessments such as HAM-D score change over time (P = 0.001), week 2 (P < 0.0001), 4 (P = 0.007), and 6 (P = 0.048) as well as response rate (P = 0.0005) and remission rate (P = 0.004). We also pointed out the genotyping mis-definition of rs6295C/G in the previous four papers
Turris nadaensis Azuma 1973
No full text<i>Turris nadaensis</i> Azuma, 1973 <p>Plate 22, figs A–I</p> <p> <i>Turris nadaensis</i> Azuma, 1973: 33, figs 6–7 (radula); Higo, Callomon & Goto 1999: 303; Olivera 2000: 309, pl, 1, specimen 10, pl. 8; Hasegawa <i>et al.</i> 2000: 633, pl., 315, fig. 64; Olivera & Sysoev 2008: pl. 681, figs 2–4; Robin 2008: pl. 449, fig. 2. Type loc.: off Nada, Kii Peninsula, Japan, 20–30 fath. [37–55 m].</p> <p> <i>Turris undosa</i> (<i>non</i> Lamarck, 1816); Robin 2008: pl. 449, fig. 2.</p> <p> <i>? Turris undosa</i>; Vera-Peláez <i>et al.</i> (2000): pl. 1, fig. 2 (protoconch), pl. 4, figs 4–6.</p> <p> DESCRIPTION: Shell very variable in proportions and in length of siphonal canal, b/l 0.27–0.32, a/l 0.28–0.42. Suture shallow. Sculptured by sharp spiral cords, with rather wide intervals, bearing fine collabral threads. Subsutural cord low (in fact distinctly impressed), bearing a sharp median ridge with a weak one on either side. Sulcus moderately deep, and recessed under sinus cord, bordered by delicate, oblique scales (instead of a thin lamellate flange as in <i>T. undosa</i>). Sinus cord angular and shouldered (i.e. sloping) towards lip becoming flattened and with two thin ridges. Peripheral cord angular and moderately prominent, separated from sinus cord by a delicate, minute interstitial flange bearing oblique scales. Base of spire whorls with two angular ridges with widely sloping sides, intervals sometimes one or more spiral threads. Base of last whorl with a total of 17–20 spiral ridges, the upper 5–6 the strongest, becoming gradually weaker anteriorly (with a few finer intermediary threads), 5–6 uniformly fine ones on base of rostrum.</p> <p>White or brownish-white, with oblique axial stripes, breaking into spots on base of last whorl, crests of main ridges often with a thin brown line; inner lip and base of last whorl tinged with violet.</p> <p> Protoconch small, conical, <i>ca</i> 2.5 whorls, all except 1st with arcuate axial riblets.</p> <p>Attains 87.5 mm.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION: Southern Japan and Vietnam to the Philippines, Thailand and Solomon Islands, 10–150 m, sand.</p> <p> TYPES: <i>T. nadaensis</i>: Holotype in private collection of late Masao Azuma, no. 16151, present location not traced.</p> <p> OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: JAPAN: Tanabe Bay, Honshu, Japan (ANSP 421607 and 420647). VIETNAM: off Nha Trang, 70 m, sand (NMSA L7994: N. Thach). THAILAND: Racha Is., Phuket area, 20 m (NMSA: S. Patamakanthin); S.W. of Phuket, <i>ca</i> 100–120 m, trawled (NMSA L3588: S. Patamakanthin). PHILIPPINES: Balut Is., tangle net in <i>ca</i> 150 m; Masbate Is., 10–20 m, and Aliguay Is, Mindanao, trawled in 80–150 m (Guido Poppe colln); Matanos, Samal Is. Davao Gulf; Olango and Palawan Is. (BO colln); Panglao, Bohol, 73–110 m (NMSA L1855: D. Steinke); West Samar (NMSA G6252: F. J. Dayrit); Palawan, tangle net (NMSA J3949: F. J. Springsteen); SOLOMON IS: 9°50.4’S, 160°53.2’E, 82-83m (MNHN)</p> <p> REMARKS: <i>Turris nadaensis</i> is often confused with <i>T. cristata,</i> but is easily distinguished by its weak subsutural cord, much more uniform spirals and non-contracted base. Olivera (2000) discussed variation in <i>T. undosa</i> (as <i>T. nadaensis</i>) and noted the occurrence of a form with a stronger, sharper peripheral cord, rendering the whorls more angular; this form would appear to be typical <i>undata</i>. However, available material of <i>T. nadaensis</i> appears to show variation that is not easy to interpret. Variability in length of siphonal canal and in its degree of tapering is obvious, as is colour of base (vivid violet to pinkish-white). But size also varies: adult Philippine examples are usually 67.0 to 76.0 mm in length, Vietnamese specimens are particularly large (to 87.5 mm) but Thai adults may not exceed 46 mm. One Vietnamese specimen (NMSA L7994) has a particularly short, recurved siphonal canal. Variation in angularity of spiral cords may be visually exaggerated by a distinct spiral line on their crests.</p>Published as part of <i>Kilburn, Richard N., Fedosov, Alexander E. & Olivera, Baldomero M., 2012, Revision of the genus Turris Batsch, 1789 (Gastropoda: Conoidea: Turridae) with the description of six new species, pp. 1-58 in Zootaxa 3244 (1)</i> on pages 37-39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3244.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/246329">http://zenodo.org/record/246329</a>
Role of Co-stimulatory Molecules in T Helper Cell Differentiation
No full textCD4+ T cells play a central role in orchestrating the immune response to a variety of pathogens but also regulate autoimmune responses, asthma, allergic responses, as well as tumor immunity. To cover this broad spectrum of responses, naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into one of several lineages of T helper cells, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and TFH, as defined by their cytokine pattern and function. The fate decision of T helper cell differentiation integrates signals delivered through the T cell receptor, cytokine receptors, and the pattern of co-stimulatory signals received. In this review, we summarize the contribution of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors to the differentiation and maintenance of T helper cell responses
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Mycophenolate mofetil inhibits lymphocyte binding and the upregulation of adhesion molecules in acute rejection of rat kidney allografts.
No full textMycophenolate mofetil (MMF) interacts with purine metabolism and possibly with the expression of adhesion molecules. In the present study, we analysed the expression of these molecules in transplanted kidney allografts treated with RS LBNF1 kidneys were orthotopically transplanted into Lewis rats and either treated with RS (20 mg/kg/day) or vehicle. Rats were harvested 3, 5 and 7 days following transplantation. For binding studies, fresh-frozen sections of transplanted kidneys were incubated with lymph node lymphocytes (LNL) derived from transplanted rats. Additionally, immunohistology was performed with various monoclonal antibodies. In general, MMF resulted in better preservation of graft structure by 7 days. Cellular infiltration and tubular atrophy were less pronounced. At day 3, macrophages were diminished in MMF-treated animals to a high extent, while the number of T cells was almost identical to that of controls. In addition, the number of cells positive for MHC class II and LFA-1 was reduced in the MMF-treated animals. These findings correlated with the binding results. Three days following engraftment, LNL bound to MMF-treated kidneys to a lesser extent compared to controls. In conclusion, MMF resulted in a markedly reduced leucocytic infiltrate, presumably based on a reduced expression of lymphocytic adhesion molecules and an interaction with macrophages
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
63Cu NQR Evidence of Dimensional Crossover to Anisotropic 2D Regime in S = 1/2 Three-Leg Ladder Sr2Cu3O5
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