165 research outputs found
Modern role for clopidogrel in management of atrial fibrillation and stroke reduction
No full textLars Maegdefessel, Junya Azuma, Philip S TsaoDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USAAbstract: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. The prevalence of AF increases sharply in old age (prevalence approximately 10% among persons 80 years of age and older). The expected risk for ischemic stroke is increased five-fold by the presence of AF, primarily as a result of cardiogenic embolism. Multiple large-scale, randomized trials have been completed or are still underway to find optimal, efficacious, and relatively safe ways to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke and other systemic thromboembolic events related to AF. Antithrombotic strategies are accompanied by serious bleeding complications that threaten patients in need of medical stroke prevention. Treatment regimens for preventing thromboembolism in AF patients range from vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin or coumadins, antiplatelet drugs like aspirin or clopidogrel, to newly developed orally available antithrombotics like the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran, or the Factor Xa-inhibitor rivaroxaban. The available anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs have different advantages and disadvantages. This review attempts to delineate the specific role of clopidogrel in patients with AF and at risk of stroke, taking into consideration new and ongoing trials in this important field of medical practice.Keywords: clopidogrel, antiplatelet agents, atrial fibrillation, ischemic strok
Chiral Algebras of (0, 2) Models
No full textSigma models with (0, 2) supersymmetry in two dimensions possess quasi-topological sectors characterized by chiral algebras. In this thesis, we study these chiral algebras and explore their nonperturbative aspects. The chiral algebras of (0, 2) models emerge when one considers the cohomology of local operators with respect to one of the supercharges, and provide infinite-dimensional generalizations of the chiral rings of (2, 2) models. Perturbatively, they enjoy rich math-ematical structures described by sheaves of chiral differential operators. Nonperturba-tively, however, they vanish completely for certain (0, 2) models with no left-moving fermions. Examples include the models in which the target spaces are the complete flag manifolds of compact semisimple Lie groups. The vanishing of the chiral algebra of a (0, 2) model implies that supersymmetry is spontaneously broken in the model, which in turn suggests that no harmonic spinors exist on the loop space of the target space. We analyze this supersymmetry breaking using holomorphic Morse theory on the loop space in the case where the target space is CP1. As expected, we find that instantons interpolate between pairs of perturbative supersymmetric states, thereby lifting them out of the supersymmetric spectrum
J Cell Physiol
No full textAberrant smooth muscle cell (SMC) plasticity has been implicated in a variety of vascular disorders including atherosclerosis, restenosis, and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation. While the pathways governing this process remain unclear, epigenetic regulation by specific microRNAs (miRNAs) has been demonstrated in SMCs. We hypothesized that additional miRNAs might play an important role in determining vascular SMC phenotype. Microarray analysis of miRNAs was performed on human aortic SMCs undergoing phenotypic switching in response to serum withdrawal, and identified 31 significantly regulated entities. We chose the highly conserved candidate miRNA-26a for additional studies. Inhibition of miRNA-26a accelerated SMC differentiation, and also promoted apoptosis, while inhibiting proliferation and migration. Overexpression of miRNA-26a blunted differentiation. As a potential mechanism, we investigated whether miRNA-26a influences TGF-\u3b2-pathway signaling. Dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated enhanced SMAD signaling with miRNA-26a inhibition, and the opposite effect with miRNA-26a overexpression in transfected human cells. Furthermore, inhibition of miRNA-26a increased gene expression of SMAD-1 and SMAD-4, while overexpression inhibited SMAD-1. MicroRNA-26a was also found to be downregulated in two mouse models of AAA formation (2.5- to 3.8-fold decrease, P\u2009<\u20090.02) in which enhanced switching from contractile to synthetic phenotype occurs. In summary, miRNA-26a promotes vascular SMC proliferation while inhibiting cellular differentiation and apoptosis, and alters TGF-\u3b2 pathway signaling. MicroRNA-26a represents an important new regulator of SMC biology and a potential therapeutic target in AAA disease.1P50HK083800-01/HK/PHITPO CDC HHS/United States5K08 HL080567-03/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United StatesK08 HL080567/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United StatesK08 HL080567-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United StatesK08 HL080567-05/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United StatesK12 HL087746/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United StatesR01 HL077676/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United State
Habitar el suelo. Aproximaciones estéticas hacia un habitar en relación
No full textThis text analyzes different contemporary architectural and sculptural materializations distinguishable because of the relational and contingent approach to all that surrounds us. From a sensitive approach and articulation towards what coexists, the spatial configurations exhibited here are an example of a way of doing, of an ethic and a technique, which try to inhabit this world in relation. This is perceptible in the approach and listening to the surroundings of Junya Ishigami’s architecture or in the configuration next to the things of Josu Bilbao’s floor sculpture. They are aesthetic configurations that expose, rescuing Judith Butler’s words, the irremediably relational and contingent condition of our existence. And from the manifest interdependence towards what surrounds and conditions us, these configurations are an example of what Adriana Cavarero proposes as "inclined geometry". This author understands inclination as an approach that, appearing outside itself, tends to the outside, in manifest structural interdependence of the subject towards that which coexists. This text exposes that inclined geometry through the spatial configurations of Junya Ishigami, Ryue Nishizawa, Gordon Matta-Clark and Josu Bilbao, as a possibility of inhabiting an unstable world.; Este texto analiza diferentes materializaciones arquitectónicas y escultóricas contemporáneas que se distinguen por un acercamiento relacional y contingente hacia todo aquello que nos rodea. Desde un acercamiento y articulación sensible hacia lo que coexiste, las configuraciones espaciales expuestas aquí son muestra de una manera de hacer, de una ética y una técnica, que tratan de habitar este mundo en relación. Eso es perceptible en el acercamiento y escucha hacia el entorno de la arquitectura de Junya Ishigami o en la configuración junto a las cosas de la escultura de suelo de Josu Bilbao. Son configuraciones estéticas que exponen, rescatando las palabras de Judith Butler, el carácter irremediablemente relacional y contingente de nuestra existencia. Y desde la interdependencia manifiesta hacia aquello que nos rodea y condiciona, estas configuraciones son ejemplo de lo que Adriana Cavarero propone como "geometría inclinada". Esta autora entiende por inclinación un acercarse que, asomándose fuera de sí, tiende al exterior, en manifiesta interdependencia estructural del sujeto hacia aquello con lo que coexiste. En este texto se expone esa geometría inclinada a través de las configuraciones espaciales de Junya Ishigami, Ryue Nishizawa, Gordon Matta-Clark y Josu Bilbao, como posibilidad de habitar un mundo inestable
並行集団（パラレルな場）が持つ電気生理学的機序の解明
No full textOsaka Metropolitan University (大阪公立大学)博士（保健学）学位記番号：論保健学第2号, 主査：石井, 良平第1章出典
Junya Orui, Keigo Shiraiwa, Fumie Tazaki, Takao Inoue, Masaya Ueda, Keita Ueno, Yasuo Naito, Ryouhei Ishii; Social Buffering Effects during Craft Activities in Parallel Group Session Revealed by EEG Analysis and Parasympathetic Activity. Neuropsychobiology 6 October 2023; 82 (5): 287–299. https://doi.org/10.1159/000531005
© 2023 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel
CC BY-NC 4.0
第2章出典
Orui, J., Shiraiwa, K., Tazaki, F. et al. Psychophysiological and interpersonal effects of parallel group crafting: a multimodal study using EEG and ECG. Sci Rep 14, 17883 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-68980-w
© The Author(s) 2024
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0doctoral thesi
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Interactive Cognitive Modeling: Understanding and Supporting IndividualHuman Cognition
No full textCognitive modeling, approximation of human cognitive functions in a computational system, is a traditional methodologyin the field of cognitive science. Usually this methodology has been used as a tool for scientific understanding of humanmind, and evaluated by fitting to human data. In this presentation, the author proposes a framework of interactive cognitivemodeling as an application of the above methodology for understanding and supporting individual human cognition. Theframework consists of cognitive architecture, visualization of the model behavior, knowledge database of personal userand sensing devices to include the users reaction. This presentation shows two systems of interactive cognitive modelingin the field of web browsing and photo browsing
A NEW FAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD USING AN InSb TUNABLE DETECTOR
No full textPresent Address: Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.Author Institution: Low Temperature Center, Osaka University SuitaA new far infrared spectroscopic method using an InSb tunable detector---tuned by a magnetic field---is proposed. If a far infrared source, obeying the Rayleigh-Jeans relation, is used with a grating spectrometer, whose transmittance is independent of wavelength, then the detector output is proportional to for a thermal detector, to m for an InSb nontunable detector, and peaks sharply at some fixed m for a tunable detector, where m is the diffraction order. This response is illustrated by absorption spectra of water vapor measured with the tunable InSb detector for various values of the magnetic field. It is proposed to tune the spectral region of the detector synchronously with the motion of the grating, thus eliminating the need for low-frequency-pass filters
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