15 research outputs found
S.L.I.M., a small linear interdependent model of eight EU-member states, the USA and Japan
No full textInternational Economics;EU
Maneviyat Ölçeğinin Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışması
No full textBu çalışmanın temel amacı, Amerika'da geliştirilmiş bir ölçek olan Maneviyat Ölçeği'ni (MA) Türkçe'ye uyarlamaktı. MA, ilk geliştirildiğinde, 38 maddeden ve bu maddelerin içinde yer aldığı dört boyuttan oluşmuştu. Faktör analizi sonrası, madde sayısı 23'e, boyut sayısı üçe düştü ve ölçek son şeklini böyle aldı. Mevcut çalışmada araştırma konuları şunlar olarak belirlendi: 23 maddelik formun Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenilirliği, 38 maddelik formun faktör analizi sonunda Türk örneklemi üzerinden oluşturacağı yapı ve çeşitli kişisel değişkenlerin 38 maddelik forma göre hesaplanan maneviyat puanıyla (varsayılan maneviyat) arasındaki ilişki. 713 katılımcı MA'yı ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu'nu doldurdu. Sonuçlar, 23 maddelik formun, geçerli ve güvenilir olmadığına işaret etti. Güvenilirliğin olmaması, alt-boyutların düşük iç tutarlılık değerlerinden kaynaklandı. Geçerliğin olmamasıysa, öngörülen faktör yapısının Türk örnekleminde doğrulanmamasıyla ilgiliydi. Ancak, araştırmacı faktör analizi uygulandığında, yazarın başta ortaya koyduğu dört boyutun ortaya çıktığı görüldü. Bu dört boyut, hem 23 hem de 38 maddelik formlarda kendini gösterdi. Bulgular, varsayılan maneviyatın; cinsiyet, meslek, çalışma durumu, olumlu yaşam deneyimine sahip olma, spor yapma, meditasyon yapma ve psikoterapi alma gibi çeşitli kişisel değişkenlerle ilişkili olduğuna işaret etti. Bulgular, çalışmanın kısıtları ve sonraki çalışmalar için önerilerle birlikte tartışıldı.The primary purpose of this study was to adapt a US-based spirituality scale, the Spirituality Scale (SS), into Turkish. The SS was originally developed to contain 38 items with four underlying dimensions. After factor analysis, the number of items dropped to 23 and number of dimensions dropped to three. Research questions addressed the following: reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the 23-item form of the SS, factorial structure of the data when scores for the originally generated 38 items were analyzed, and relationships between various background variables and the total score of the items measuring spirituality in the 38-item form (named as supposed spirituality). 713 adult participants filled the Turkish version of the SS and the Background Information Form. The Turkish version of the 23-item form of the SS was found to be neither reliable nor valid. The lack of reliability stemmed from the low internal consistency figures of the sub-dimensions. The fact that the factorial structure of the SS was not confirmed in the Turkish sample accounts for the lack of validity. However, exploratory factor analysis revealed four sub-dimensions, supporting those originally conceptualized by the author. The four dimensions were found for both the 23- and 38-item forms. Results revealed that supposed spirituality was associated with several background variables such as gender, occupation, work status, experience of a significant positive life event, and engagement in sports, meditative practices and psychotherapy. The findings are discussed, along with the limitations of the study and implications for future research
Silicon as Smart Package for Photonic ICs
No full textIn this thesis, the research is described for realizing hybrid
modules where silicon can be used to effectively improve different functionalities of the
photonic device. Several aspect are detailed, spanning from the techology
to implement the hybrid modules to the description of some particular photonic
devices that might improve their performance when
mounted onto a silicon carrier. Also, some considerations
about different amplifier architectures for optical
communications are presented and completed with practical
implementations in an advanced university bipolar process
Reci̇tati̇on case in Albahr Almuhit of Abu Hayyan
No full textEbû Hayyân el-Endelûsî'nin el-Bahru'l-Muhît adlı tefsîri kırâatlar açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir. Çalışmamızda bu tefsîri, kırâatlar açısından incelemeye gayret ettik. Müellif 654/1256 tarihinde Gırnata'da doğdu. İlim hayatı 25 yaşına kadar Endülüs bölgesinde sürdü. Daha sonra doğuya yaptığı zorunlu seyahatin sonunda Mısır'a yerleşti. Vefat ettiği tarih olan 745/1344'e kadar burada hayatını devam ettirdi. Yaşadığı dönemin en büyük dil ve kırâat âlimlerinden olan Ebû Hayyân; gerek Endülüs bölgesinde gerekse Mısır bölgesinde birçok hocadan ilim tahsîl etti. Daha sonra kendisi de birçok ilim alanında dersler vererek öğrenciler yetiştirdi. Müellif; bir yandan talebe yetiştirirken diğer yandan da gramer, kırâat, edebiyat, tefsîr, tarih, fıkıh ve hadîs alanlarında da birçok eserler kaleme aldı. Ebû Hayyân tefsîrini Mısır'a yerleştikten sonra, 710/1311 yılında telif etmeye başlamış ve yaklaşık olarak 17 sene gibi uzun bir zaman içerisinde bitirebilmiştir. Müellifin kaleme aldığı son eserlerinden olan bu eser, içerdiği kırâatlar açısından çok zengin olup, bir kırâat ansiklopedisi mahiyetini taşımaktadır. Genellikle âyetlerde geçen sahîh ya da şâzz kabul edilen kırâat vecihlerine yer vermiştir. Bu kırâatların i'râbını yapmış; bunlarla ilgili daha önceki âlimlerin görüşlerini zikretmiş ve tartışmalı konulara değinmiştir. Ebû Hayyân Kırâat-i Seb'a'nın sağlam senetlerle bizlere ulaştığını ve mütevâtir olduklarını kabul etmiş ve bunların hepsinin Kur'ân olduğunu belirtmiştir. Sağlam senetlerle Peygamberimizden gelen Mütevâtir kırâatlar arasında tercih yapmanın gereksiz olduğunu da zikretmiştir. Şâzz kırâatlara da değinmiş ve bunları tefsîrinde malzeme olarak kullanmıştır. Bu çalışmamızda el-Bahru'l- Muhît'in kırâatlar açısından incelenerek önemini ortaya koymak hedeflenmiştir.El-Bahrul Muhit-a commentary on the Koran- by Ebû Hayyan el-Endelusi has an important place on aspect of qıraat. İn this study we have tried to investigate this commentary according to aspect of Kıraat. Author was born in 654/1256 in Gırnata. His education went on in Endulus region up to age of 25. After that at the end of an obligatory journey to the east he settled in Egypt. He went on rest of his life in Egypt until the date of death 745/1344. EBÛ Hayyan who was one of the greatest scholar of language and qıraat in his era got an education from many scholars both in Endulus and Egypt. Then He educated many students by lecturing on many fields of science. While Author was educating students he has also written out many books from the fields of grammar, qıraat, literature, commentary, history and hadis. After settling in Egypt the author has started to write his commentary in 710/1311 and completed in a long time as about 17 years. This commentary which was one of the last works written out by author is very rich on the aspects of qıraat and carries true nature of a qıraat encyclopedia. He has included qıraat ways accepted as sahih or şazz in versus. He has done irab of qıraat, mentioned the opinions of former scholars and touched on disputatious matters. The author has accepted that qıraat seba was reached with reliable evidences and was told by many people and has clarified that all of kıraat seba are Koran. He has also mentioned that it is useless to prefer one qıraat to another which comes from our prophet with reliable evidences. In addition to this, he referred to şazz kıraat and used those in his commentary as data. In this study it has been aimed to investigate el bahrul muhit according to aspect of qıraat and put forth its importance for consideration
Etiology and Antimicrobial Resistance of Culture-Positive Infections in Ugandan Infants: A Cohort Study of 7000 Neonates and Infants
No full textBackground: Epidemiological evidence about the etiology and antimicrobial resistance of neonatal infections remains limited in low-resource settings. We aimed to describe the etiology of neonatal infections in a prospective observational cohort study conducted at two hospital sites in Kampala, Uganda. Methods: Babies admitted to either unit with risk factors or signs of sepsis, pneumonia, or meningitis had a blood culture, nasopharyngeal swab, and lumbar puncture (if indicated) collected. Basic demographics were collected, and babies were followed up until discharge or death to determine admission outcome. Blood cultures were processed using the BACTEC system and identification confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Cerebrospinal fluid was processed using standard microbiological testing and swabs were processed using the multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacterial isolates to World Health Organization–recommended first-line antibiotics (ampicillin or benzylpenicillin and gentamicin) were assessed using e-tests. Results: A total of 7323 infants with signs or risk factors for sepsis had blood cultures, 2563 had nasopharyngeal swabs, and 23 had lumbar punctures collected. Eleven percent of blood cultures and 8.6% of swabs were positive. Inpatient mortality was 12.1%, with 27.7% case fatality observed among infants with Gram-negative bloodstream infections. Escherichia coli (14.8%), Acinetobacter spp. (10.3%), and Klebsiella spp. (7.6%), were notable contributors to Gram-negative sepsis, whereas Group B Streptococcus was the predominant Gram-positive pathogen identified (13.5%). Almost 60% of Gram-negative pathogens were ampicillin- and gentamicin-resistant. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates high levels of antimicrobial resistance and inpatient mortality from neonatal sepsis in the first months of life in Uganda. This underscores the pressing need for revised, context-specific antimicrobial treatment guidelines that account for the evolving landscape of antimicrobial resistance in neonatal sepsis
İSMAİL HAKKI BURSEVÎ'YE GÖRE İNFİTÂR SÛRESİNİN İŞARÎ YORUMU
No full text<p><em>ÖZET</em></p>
<p>İ<em>smail Hakkı Bursevî, son devir Osmanlı uleması arasında fazlaca esere sahip olmasıyla me</em>ş<em>hurdur. </em>İ<em>smi </em>İ<em>smail ve lakabı Hakkı’dır. Celvetî tarîkatı </em>ş<em>eyhlerinden </em>Rûhu’l-Beyân <em>müellifi </em>İ<em>smail Hakkı, Hicri 1063 senesi Aydos’ta dünyaya geldi. Aydos’lu Osman Efendi’ye intisap etti, üç yıl boyunca onun kutsî himmetlerine mazhar oldu. 1086 yılında halife tayin edilerek Üsküp’e gönderildi. Daha sonra Köprülü ve Ustrumca’da halkı ir</em>ş<em>ada devam etti. Bir müddet</em></p>
<p><em>Edirne’de </em>ş<em>eyhinin evinde kaldıktan sonra Bursa’ya halife olarak tayin edildi. Bursalı Mehmed Tahir onun hayatı ile ilgili eserinde 106 adet eserinin bulundu</em>ğ<em>unu ifade etmekte ve eserlerinin isimlerini vermektedir.</em></p>
<p><em>Bu çalı</em>ş<em>mamız İsmail Hakkı Bursevî (v.1137/1725)’nin tasavvufî tefsir diyebilece</em>ğ<em>imiz </em>Rûhu’l-Beyân fi-Tefsîri’l-Kur’ân <em>isimli eserindeki İnfitar suresinin tefsirinin çevirisidir. Kıyamet hadisesinin tasvirinin yapıldı</em>ğ<em>ı bu sûreyi Bursevî’nin tefsirinin yanı sıra; Tâberî</em></p>
<p><em>(v.310/922), </em>İ<em>mam Kuşeyrî (v.465/1072), Zemah</em>ş<em>erî (v.538/1143), Râzî (v.606/1210), </em>İ<em>bn Kesir (v.774/1372), </em>Ş<em>ihabuddin Âlûsî (v.1270/1853), Cemâlüddîn Kâsımî (v.1332/1914) ve Elmalılı</em></p>
<p><em>Muhammed Hamdi Yazır (v.1358/1942) gibi müfessirlerin Kur’ân tefsirlerinden kısmen de olsa istifade edip, bunları ve gerekli gördü</em>ğ<em>ümüz açıklamaları dipnotlarda vermeye çalı</em>ş<em>tık.</em></p>
<p><em>ABSTRACT</em></p>
<p><em>Ismail Hakkı Bursevî is well known with writing a number of works among late term Ottoman Scholars. His name is Ismail and nickname is Hakkı. He is one of the sheikhs of Celveti order and the author of </em>Rûhu’l-Beyân<em>. Ismail Hakkı Bursevi was born in Aydos in 1063 H. He was bound to Osman Effendi in Aydos and attained his help for three years. In 1086, he became a Caliph (myst. assistant to a Sheikh of an order) and was sent to Üsküp after this he showed correct way to the people in Köprülü and Ustrumca. After he stayed in his sheikh’s house in Edirne he was appointed a Caliph to Bursa. Bursalı Mehmed Tahir in his work, pointed out that he wrote 106 works and indicated his works’ names.</em></p>
<p><em>This article is the translation of the interpretation of Surat al-Infitar from </em>Rûhu’l-Beyân fi Tefsiri’l-Qur’an<em>. In surat al-Infitar it is explained the resurrection of the deed. Besides Bursevi’s comment, it is made use of the interpretations of Ku</em>s<em>eyrî, Taberî, Zemah</em>s<em>erî, Râzî, İbn Kesîr, </em>S<em>ihabüddin Âlûsî, Cemâlüddîn Kâsimî and Muhammed Hamdi Yazir. Also some important notes was explained in foot notes.</em></p>
Traceability -- A Literature Review
No full textIn light of recent food safety crises and international trade concerns associated with food or animal associated diseases, traceability has once again become important in the minds of public policymakers, business decision makers, consumers and special interest groups. This study reviews studies on traceability, government regulation and consumer behaviour, provide case studies of current traceability systems and a rough breakdown of various costs and benefits of traceability. This report aims to identify gaps that may currently exist in the literature on traceability in the domestic beef supply chain, as well as provide possible directions for future research into said issue. Three main conclusions can be drawn from this study. First, there is a lack of a common definition of traceability. Hence identifying similarities and differences across studies becomes difficult if not impossible. To this end, this study adopts CFIA’s definition of traceability. This definition has been adopted by numerous other agencies including the EU’s official definition of traceability however it may or may not be acceptable from the perspective of major Canadian beef and cattle trade partners. Second, the studies reviewed in this report address one or more of five key objectives; the impact of changing consumer behaviour on market participants, suppliers incentive to adopt or participate in traceability, impact of regulatory changes, supplier response to crisis and technical description of traceability systems. Drawing from the insights from the consumer studies, it seems as if consumers do not value traceability per se, traceability is a means for consumers to receive validation of another production or process attribute that they are interested in. Moreover, supply chain improvement, food safety control and accessing foreign market segments are strong incentives for primary producers and processors to participate in programs with traceability features. However the objectives addressed by the studies reviewed in this paper are not necessarily the objectives that are of most immediate relevance to decision makers about appropriate traceability standards to recommend, require, subsidize etc. In many cases the research objectives of previous work have been extremely narrow creating a body of literature that is incomplete in certain key areas. Third, case studies of existing traceability systems in Australia, the UK, Scotland, Brazil and Uruguay indicate that the pattern of development varies widely across sectors and regions. In summary, a traceability system by itself cannot provide value-added for all participants in the industry; it is merely a protocol for documenting and sharing information. Value is added to participants in the marketing chain through traceability in the form of reduced transactions costs in the case of a food safety incident and through the ability to shift liability. To ensure consumer benefit and have premiums returned to primary producers the type of information that consumers value is an important issue for future research. A successful program that peaks consumer interest and can enhance their eating experience can generate economic benefits to all sectors in the beef industry. International market access will increasingly require traceability in the marketing system in order to satisfy trade restrictions in the case of animal diseases and country of origin labelling, to name only a few examples. Designing appropriate traceability protocols industry wide is therefore becoming very important.traceability, institutions, Canada, consumer behaviour, producer behaviour, supply chain, Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Health Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade, Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing, Production Economics, D020, D100, D200, Q100,
SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnant Women and Their Newborns.
No full textThere remain a number of uncertainties globally about the risks posed to women who are infected with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy. Furthermore, our understanding of the spread of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa is limited, owing to low testing rates in many parts of the continent. PeriCOVID Africa, in conjunction with the WHO/HRP Alliance, plans to address these knowledge gaps by harnessing research infrastructures in place in five sub-Saharan African countries in order to screen more than 50,000 pregnant women and their infants for SARS-CoV-2, while monitoring pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. We anticipate that the results of this study will provide much needed information about the risks that SARS-CoV-2 poses to pregnant women and their babies, as well as establishing potential routes of mother-to-child transmission
Etiology and Antimicrobial Resistance of Culture-Positive Infections in Ugandan Infants: A Cohort Study of 7000 Neonates and Infants
No full textBackground
Epidemiological evidence about the etiology and antimicrobial resistance of neonatal infections remains limited in low-resource settings. We aimed to describe the etiology of neonatal infections in a prospective observational cohort study conducted at two hospital sites in Kampala, Uganda.
Methods
Babies admitted to either unit with risk factors or signs of sepsis, pneumonia, or meningitis had a blood culture, nasopharyngeal swab, and lumbar puncture (if indicated) collected. Basic demographics were collected, and babies were followed up until discharge or death to determine admission outcome. Blood cultures were processed using the BACTEC system and identification confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Cerebrospinal fluid was processed using standard microbiological testing and swabs were processed using the multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacterial isolates to World Health Organization–recommended first-line antibiotics (ampicillin or benzylpenicillin and gentamicin) were assessed using e-tests.
Results
A total of 7323 infants with signs or risk factors for sepsis had blood cultures, 2563 had nasopharyngeal swabs, and 23 had lumbar punctures collected. Eleven percent of blood cultures and 8.6% of swabs were positive. Inpatient mortality was 12.1%, with 27.7% case fatality observed among infants with Gram-negative bloodstream infections. Escherichia coli (14.8%), Acinetobacter spp. (10.3%), and Klebsiella spp. (7.6%), were notable contributors to Gram-negative sepsis, whereas Group B Streptococcus was the predominant Gram-positive pathogen identified (13.5%). Almost 60% of Gram-negative pathogens were ampicillin- and gentamicin-resistant.
Conclusions
Our study demonstrates high levels of antimicrobial resistance and inpatient mortality from neonatal sepsis in the first months of life in Uganda. This underscores the pressing need for revised, context-specific antimicrobial treatment guidelines that account for the evolving landscape of antimicrobial resistance in neonatal sepsis
